RESUMO
ODF1 has been described as an exclusively expressed testicular protein and is located in the outer dense fibers along the sperm tail. ODF1 has been involved in the sperm motility and in the development of the flagellum, but the function of ODF1 is not already clear. Other ODF proteins, such as ODF2 have been characterized in other tissues like the basal body of the kidney primary cilium, but so far only the mRNA of ODF1 has been described in other tissues. These observations let us to hypothesize that the expression of the protein ODF1 could not be limited to the testis. Therefore, in the present work we proposed to evaluate if the ODF1 protein could also be present in tissues other than the testis. Here we demonstrated through western blot, immunofluorescence, and RT-PCR techniques that the protein and mRNA of ODF1 have been identified in the rat kidney. Finally, the presence of ODF1 in kidney has also been confirmed through proteomic analysis using mass spectrometry. The results derived from these different complementary approaches indicate that, to our knowledge and for the first time, ODF1 is demonstrated to be present in an additional organ different to testis. This results raise new questions about potential other functions and locations of the ODF1 protein.
RESUMO
The structure of the recently introduced Brazilian government programme for monitoring pesticide residues in six major agricultural products is described. Residues found from the analysis of samples of tomatoes and strawberries are discussed in detail. The much greater frequency of detection of pesticide residues, many of which are not approved for use in Brazil, in produce being sold on the domestic market, as opposed to that produced for export, is of major concern. It is perceived that this new monitoring programme will become permanent and be used to underpin enforcement actions that will need to be taken to reduce the numbers of incidents of illegal residues occurring, particularly in fresh fruits and vegetables.
Assuntos
Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Fragaria/química , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Solanum lycopersicum/química , Brasil , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Análise de Alimentos/métodos , Programas Governamentais , HumanosRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to apply diagnostic clinical reasoning, based upon cognitive teaching, to help the student develop their own mental structure of an ailment or disease. Such a structure is built as mathematical chaotic deterministic type that can be evaluated through identification of dynamic attractors. To achieve our purpose, clinical diagnostic reasoning skills of two groups of students was compared against those of an expert through revision of 17 clinical cases. Such revision, selection of relevant data, allows for construction of conceptual maps in which several dynamic attractors can be identified, based on the largest number of connections that stem from some concepts. In the majority of cases, statistical analysis showed similarity among types of connections established by the expert; several similar dynamic attractors could be identified, leading us to conclude that cognitive-based teaching of diagnostic clinical reasoning is useful in developing this type of skill, and that it can be evaluated through identification of dynamic attractors.
Assuntos
Diagnóstico , Dinâmica não Linear , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
As part of the studies to obtain an oral vaccine against cholera disease, the protective effect of serum from volunteers inoculated in a controlled trial with a candidate live attenuated vaccine of Vibrio cholerae O1, El Tor Ogawa (638; CTXφ mutant, hap::celA), was tested. It was confirmed that the serum, as well as the purified IgG and IgA from the volunteers had a protective effect in both of the animal models used, although the purified antibodies needed the presence of complement to be protective. These results emphasize the expectations about the protective potential of the candidate in challenge studies in humans to be conducted very soon.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/imunologia , Vacinas contra Cólera/imunologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Humanos , Imunização Passiva , Imunoglobulina A/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Coelhos , Vacinas Atenuadas/imunologiaRESUMO
Bone metastasis in the hand is rare. The etiology is quite different from that of metastasis to other bones; bronchogenic carcinoma is by far the most frequent case. Distal phalanges are mainly involved with irregular osteolysis and cortical destruction. Differential diagnosis of phalangeal metastasis includes osteomyelitis, rheumatoid arthritis and gout. The prognosis is always that of metastatic bronchial cancer with an average survival of three months. Treatment may involve distal digital amputation or antalgic radiotherapy. A case of bronchogenic carcinoma with metastasis to the thumb is presented. The metastasis was located in the distal phalanx of the left thumb. The primary tumor was located in the lung. Treatment consisted of amputation. The overall survival was five months.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas/secundário , Carcinoma Broncogênico/secundário , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Polegar/patologia , Amputação Cirúrgica , Neoplasias Ósseas/cirurgia , Carcinoma Broncogênico/cirurgia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Evolução Fatal , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polegar/cirurgiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Dementia has became a serious health problem in developed countries. The objective of this study was to establish the possible correlation between the initial clinical diagnosis and the anatomopathological criteria. Pathological confirmation of the cases clinically diagnosed as Alzheimer disease/senile dementia Alzheimer type (AD/SDAT) and multi-infarct dementia (MID) was carried out. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twelve brains from demented patients were studied. Brains were removed at post-mortem intervals of 1-3 hours to guarantee an adequate conservation of the tissue. The brains were weighed, fixed for 4 weeks in 10% buffered neutral formalin and coronally sectioned at intervals of approximately 1 cm. Bilateral sections of neocortex from frontal, temporal, parietal lobes, cingulate gyrus, amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, cerebellum and unilateral sections of locus ceruleus and substantia nigra were taken. Five micrometer sections of the paraffin embedded material were stained by the following methods: hematoxylin-floxine, Congo red and Bielschowsky silver impregnation. RESULTS: Our neuropathological results showed a high correlation with the initial clinical classification and confirmed the diagnosis of AD/ SDAT in 6 cases, MID in 3 cases and mixed dementia in 1 case. Two cases did not exhibited morphological evidence of dementia. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the methodology applied for the morphologic diagnosis of dementia was feasible, useful and reproducible. Further studies will be necessary using a larger number of sample.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Doença de Alzheimer/fisiopatologia , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Demência Vascular/diagnóstico , Demência Vascular/fisiopatologia , Idoso , Técnicas de Cultura , Países Desenvolvidos , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Inrtoducción. La demencia se ha convertido en un serio problema de salud en los países industrializados. Con este trabajo nos proponemos establecer la posible correlación entre el diagnóstico clínico preliminar y el criterio anatomopatológico en los casos ilustrados, y realizar un estudio neuropatológico post mortem para el diagnóstico y clasificación de los pacientes. Material y métodos. Se estudiaron los encéfalos de 12 pacientes dementes con diagnóstico clínico de enfermedad de Alzheimer/demencia senil tipo Alzheimer (EA/DSTA) seis casos y demencia multinfarto (DMI) seis casos. Se practicó la evisceración del encéfalo dentro de las tres primeras horas de fallecido. Los encéfalos se pesaron y fijaron en formol neutro al 10 por ciento posteriormente se realizaron cortes coronales con un intervalo de 1 cm tomando fragmentos bilaterales de corteza frontal, temporal y parietal, girus cingulado, amigdala, hipocampo, tálamo, cerebelo y fragmentos unilaterales de sustancia negra y locus ceréleo, para ser incluidos en parafina, teñidos con hematoxilina/floxina, rojo congo y tinción de Bielchowsky. Resultados. El estudio neuropatológico exhibió una alta correlación en relación a la clasificación clínica inicial, confirmando el diagnóstico de EA/DSTA en 6 casos, DMI en 3 y DMx en 1 caso. En 2 casos no se encontraron evidencias morfológicas que sustentaran los criterios clínicos de demencia. Conclusiones. Podemos concluir que la metodología aplicada para el diagnóstico morfológico resultó factible, útil y reproducible para el diagnóstico, siendo necesario incrementar el número de casos
Assuntos
Humanos , Demência/patologiaRESUMO
The recent spread of El Tor cholera to America augments the need for an effective, safe and economical vaccine. In the present paper we describe the construction of live attenuated V. Cholerae strains by specifically deleting the genes encoding cholera toxin and other putative toxins from the bacterial chromosome. To maximize the likelihood of exposing protective antigens relevant to currently circulating vibrios we selected for genetic manipulation recent epidemic V. cholerae isolates from Peru. The mutant strains did not produce cholera toxin in vitro and in vivo. Deletion of the virulence cassette was accompanied by marked attenuation in the infant mouse cholera model. A selected El Tor Ogawa candidate vaccine strain was refractory to acquisition of foreign genes by conjugation with toxigenic vibrios.
Assuntos
Toxina da Cólera/genética , Vacinas contra Cólera , Deleção de Genes , Vacinas Atenuadas , Vibrio cholerae/genética , Animais , Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Cromossomos Bacterianos/genética , Conjugação Genética , Genes Bacterianos , Camundongos , Coelhos , Vibrio cholerae/classificação , Vibrio cholerae/imunologia , Vibrio cholerae/patogenicidade , Virulência/genéticaRESUMO
Experimental leptospirosis was reproduced in golden Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus aureatus). Evaluation of three Leptospira serogroups (canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae and pomona) was carried out regarding their virulence, production of symptoms and lethal activity. Macroscopic and microscopic studies of tissue lesions were also made. Animals were inoculated with 3.75 x 10(6) to 6 x 10(7) bacteria through the intraperitoneal (IP) route. The clinical development of the disease in Syrian hamsters was characterized by the presence of general symptoms between the third and fifth day after inoculation. With highly virulent strains, the distinctive clinical picture occurred and death followed before the seventh day. The strain of the pomona serogroup proved to be more virulent than those of the other serogroups and produced the most florid picture of the disease. Pathogenic aspects of this process were also studied.
Assuntos
Modelos Animais de Doenças , Leptospirose/patologia , Mesocricetus/microbiologia , Animais , Cricetinae , MasculinoRESUMO
Prenatal screening was carried out in Havana City, Cuba, as part of a National Medical Genetics Programme, in order to detect elevated alpha-fetoprotein concentration in maternal serum (MS-AFP). A total of 97,900 pregnant women between 15 and 19 weeks of pregnancy were tested from 1982 to 1985. A double-antibody-sandwich technique was used. 173 malformed fetuses were detected. Confirmation was by ultrasonography, elevated AFP values in a second serum sample and in amniotic fluid and acetylcholinesterase. No termination of a normal pregnancy occurred. The screening of all pregnancies is easy, economical and useful for detecting not only fetuses suffering from open Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) and other severe disorders but also pregnancies at risk of further complications.
Assuntos
Defeitos do Tubo Neural/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal , alfa-Fetoproteínas/sangue , Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Cuba , Feminino , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Programas Nacionais de Saúde , Defeitos do Tubo Neural/enzimologia , Defeitos do Tubo Neural/epidemiologia , Gravidez , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
An evaluation was made of all cases of neural tube defects born in seven gynaecological hospitals and obstetric centres of Havana, between 1970 and 1980. Neural tube defects were recordable from 492 infants out of 319,228 births. The families concerned were briefed in human genetics and informed about the possibility of prenatal diagnosis of anencephaly and bifid spine (spina bifida aperta). Some of them had a record of this defect. Amniocentesis was applied to 30 women with an empirical risk of 1:20, and alphafoetoprotein was analysed in their amniotic fluid. Anencephaly was diagnosed in one case and confirmed by termination of pregnancy. The occurrence of neural tube defects usually is of spontaneous nature, and incidence is relatively high. Therefore efforts are now being made to introduce a scheme of prenatal screening based on alphafoetoprotein assessment in the serum of pregnant women.
Assuntos
Defeitos do Tubo Neural/epidemiologia , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal , Amniocentese , Líquido Amniótico/análise , Líquido Amniótico/citologia , Anencefalia/epidemiologia , Cuba , Feminino , Humanos , Hidrocefalia/epidemiologia , Recém-Nascido , Defeitos do Tubo Neural/diagnóstico , Gravidez , Espinha Bífida Oculta/epidemiologia , alfa-Fetoproteínas/análiseRESUMO
Os autores descrevem 2 casos de utilizacao de segmentos intestinais em cirurgia urologica. No primeiro caso foi usado o segmento ileocecal em bexiga contraida secundaria a tuberculose, e no segundo caso utilizou-se o segmento ileal devido a bexiga contraida secundaria a cistite intersticial. Ilustraram a propedeutica e a terapeutica de ambos os casos, tecem comentarios e analisam os resultados obtidos com os dois diferentes tipos de enterocistoplastia