RESUMO
Los trastornos temporomandibulares (TTMs) involucran los músculos de la masticación, articulación temporomandibular (ATM) y otras estructuras asociadas a la cavidad oral y representan un conjunto de disfunciones de la articulación, a la cual se le asocia una naturaleza multifactorial, condición que puede llegar a tener de un 50 a 93 por ciento de prevalencia en la población y cuya etiología es asociada a estrés y/o estados psicológicos alterados. Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo observacional de corte transversal con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia de Trastornos Ansiosos y TTM, en funcionarios del Centro de Salud Familiar (CESFAM) Tucapel, sector Barrio Norte, en la comuna de Concepción. De los 97 funcionarios, 79 aceptaron voluntariamente a participar del estudio y todos trabajan directamente con pacientes en un sector con numerosos problemas socioeconómicos y laborales. Se aplicó una encuesta orientada a la pesquisa tanto de patologías psicológicas, como signos y síntomas de TTM, además de un examen extra e intraoral complementario. En los encuestados se encontró trastornos ansiosos y estados asociados a burnout en un 81 y 27,8 por ciento respectivamente, además había TTM en un 98.7 por ciento de origen multifactorial, pero presente en todos los individuos encuestados y examinados con trastornos ansiosos y estados asociados a burnout.
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) involve the muscles of mastication, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and other structures associated with the oral cavity and represent a multifactorial nature of disorders associated to this joint, condition that is in the range of 50 to 93 percent of prevalence in the population and whose etiology is associated with stress and / or altered psychological states. The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional observational in order to determine the prevalence of anxiety disorders and TMD in workers of the Tucapel Family Health Center (CESFAM), Barrio Norte, in Concepcións commune. Of the 97 staff, 79 agreed to take part voluntarily of the study, all of these people also work directly with patients at a sector with numerous socioeconomic and employment problems. A survey aimed toward the inquiry of psychological, TMD (signs and symptoms) and extra-intra oral complementary examination, was conducted. Anxiety disorders and burnout associated conditions were found (81 and 27.8 percent respectively), multifactorial TMD was also reported (98.7 percent) but present in all individuals with anxiety disorders and conditions associated to burnout.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/psicologia , Esgotamento Profissional/complicações , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Centros de Saúde , Prevalência , Autoimagem , Inquéritos e Questionários , Transtornos de Ansiedade/complicações , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Recent reports have suggested that statins induce cell death in certain epithelial cancers and that patients taking statins to reduce cholesterol levels possess lower cancer incidence. However, little is known about the mechanisms of action of different statins or the effects of these statins in gynaecological malignancies. The apoptotic potential of two lipophilic statins (lovastatin and simvastatin) and one hydrophilic statin (pravastatin) was assessed in cancer cell lines (ovarian, endometrial and cervical) and primary cultured cancerous and normal tissues. Cell viability was studied by MTS assays and apoptosis was confirmed by Western blotting of PARP and flow cytometry. The expressions of key apoptotic cascade proteins were analysed. Our results demonstrate that both lovastatin and simvastatin, but not pravastatin, selectively induced cell death in dose- and time-dependent manner in ovarian, endometrial and cervical cancers. Little or no toxicity was observed with any statin on normal cells. Lipophilic statins induced activation of caspase-8 and -9; BID cleavage, cytochrome C release and PARP cleavage. Statin-sensitive cancers expressed high levels of HMG-CoA reductase compared with resistant cultures. The effect of lipophilic statins was dependent on inhibition of enzymatic activity of HMG-CoA reductase since mevalonate pre-incubation almost completely abrogated the apoptotic effect. Moreover, the apoptotic effect involved the inhibition of synthesis of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate rather than farnesyl pyrophosphate. In conclusion, lipophilic but not hydrophilic statins induce cell death through activation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic cascades in cancerous cells from the human female genital tract, which express high levels of HMG-CoA reductase. These results promote further investigation in the use of lipophilic statins as anticancer agents in gynaecological malignancies.
Assuntos
Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos/enzimologia , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos/patologia , Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/metabolismo , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/farmacologia , Lipídeos/química , Água/química , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Epitélio/efeitos dos fármacos , Epitélio/patologia , Feminino , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos/genética , Humanos , Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/genética , Lovastatina/farmacologia , Ácido Mevalônico/farmacologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/enzimologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Fosfatos de Poli-Isoprenil/farmacologia , Pravastatina/farmacologia , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Sinvastatina/farmacologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/enzimologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/genética , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologiaAssuntos
Planejamento em Saúde , Recursos em Saúde , Mão de Obra em Saúde , Cuba , Odontologia , Educação Médica/organização & administração , Ocupações em Saúde/educação , Recursos em Saúde/provisão & distribuição , Humanos , Enfermagem , Médicos/provisão & distribuição , Especialização , Medicina Estatal/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
In recent times, a new relationship has been developed between the medical community and the pharmaceutical industry. Owing to the large economical potential of the latter, a growing pressure has been felt on the medical group, in order to follow the interest of the industrial complex. This pressure is not always located within a ethical niche. Actions of the pharmaceutical companies in this respect are described, and a claim is made to establish regulations for a better relationship between the two entities.
Assuntos
Indústria Farmacêutica , Médicos , Indústria Farmacêutica/economia , Prescrições de Medicamentos/economia , Ética Médica , Humanos , Relações Interprofissionais , México , Médicos/economiaRESUMO
Os autores relatam dois casos de doenca de Peyronie, onde foram usadas duas tecnicas cirurgicas diferentes de tratamento. Descrevem a tecnica utilizada em cada caso e fazem referencias aos resultados obtidos por outros autores no tratamento cirurgico desta patologia
Assuntos
Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Masculino , Induração Peniana , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos OperatóriosRESUMO
PIP: An analysis of infant and child mortality in Cuba is presented. Mortality is examined separately for the age groups 0-6 days, 7-27 days, 28 days-11 months, 1-4 years, and 5-14 years. A review of data sources and the relevant literature is first provided, and variations in infant mortality by province and major cause of death are described for the years 1970 to 1979. Changes in infant mortality patterns over time are discussed, together with the factors influencing them. Comparisons are also made with infant mortality patterns in other American countries.^ieng
Assuntos
Fatores Etários , Causas de Morte , Geografia , Mortalidade Infantil , América , Região do Caribe , Cuba , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , América Latina , Mortalidade , América do Norte , População , Características da População , Dinâmica PopulacionalRESUMO
Dois casos de cistite enfisematosa sao relatados desta rara entidade patologica.Sao feitas consideracoes sobre aspectos clinicos, radiologicos, patologicos e terapeuticos. Atencao especial e dada as duas formas com que esta patologia se apresent