RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Exposure to toxins during pregnancy is the main modifiable behavior that affects the placenta and, consequently, the fetus. In particular, smoking is a recognized risk factor for negative outcomes. Our study pretended to examine gross and microscopic placental features in women who reported exposure to tobacco, alcohol, or other psychoactive substances. METHODS: In this observational case-control study, we collected 706 placentas to assess precise substance exposure histological-interaction features of in the placenta. We examined gross and microscopic placental features, and then recorded maternal and newborn clinical conditions. RESULTS: We found that 4.8% of mothers admitted to consumption of some type of (harmful) substance. The most common pre-existing maternal condition was obesity (20.3%); predominant complications included amniotic infection (32.3%), urinary tract infection (14.5%) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (14.5%). In newborns, we discovered positive associations as respiratory distress syndrome. Macroscopically, exposed mothers had heavier placentas, more true knots, and single umbilical artery; microscopically, they were more likely to exhibit fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM). CONCLUSIONS: Until our present study, no research linked umbilical cord defects to toxic substance exposure; our study results do confirm association with adverse outcomes in neonates and alterations in the neuro-cardio-placental circuit through FVM. IMPLICATIONS: The results are confirming the importance of this modifiable risk factor and how its presence may potentially affect the course of pregnancy, as well as the health of both mother and child.
Assuntos
Placenta , Complicações na Gravidez , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Placenta/patologia , Recém-Nascido , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Adulto , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/complicações , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Fumar/epidemiologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Some hard ticks' species can act as vectors of a wide variety of pathogens of human and animal importance such as Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Rickettsia spp. In Colombia, a total of forty-six tick species have been described, and some of them have been implicated as vectors of some infectious agents. The department of Cauca is one of the thirty-two departments of Colombia. Most of its population lives in rural areas and depends on agriculture as the main economic activity, favoring exposure to ticks and tick-borne pathogens. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the tick species and tick-borne pathogens circulating in this region. From August to November 2017, ticks were collected from dogs, horses and cattle from eight rural areas of four municipalities in the department of Cauca. All collected ticks were classified according to taxonomic keys and organized in pools. DNA was extracted from all tick pools for molecular confirmation of tick species and detection of Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Rickettsia spp. A total of 2809 ticks were collected which were grouped in 602 pools. Ticks were morphologically identified as Amblyomma cajennense sensu lato, Dermacentor nitens, Rhipicephalus microplus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato. The molecular identity of A. cajennense s.l. was confirmed as Amblyomma patinoi. A total of 95% of the pools scored positive for members of the Anaplasmataceae family, of which, 7.8% and 7.3% were positive to Anaplasma and Ehrlichia spp., respectively, being identified as Anaplasma marginale, Ehrlichia minasensis and Ehrlichia canis; and 16.1% were positive for Rickettsia spp. with high identity for Rickettsia asembonensis, Rickettsia felis and Candidatus Rickettsia senegalensis. This is the first report describing the natural infection of ticks with rickettsial pathogens and the occurrence of A. patinoi ticks in Cauca department, Colombia.
Assuntos
Rhipicephalus sanguineus , Rickettsia , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos , Animais , Cães , Humanos , Bovinos , Cavalos , Animais Domésticos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Rickettsia/genética , Anaplasma/genética , Rhipicephalus sanguineus/microbiologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/microbiologiaRESUMO
Ehrlichia minasensis is a new pathogenic bacterial species that infects cattle, and Borrelia theileri causes bovine borreliosis. We detected E. minasensis and B. theileri DNA in cattle from southwestern Colombia by using PCR. E. minasensis and B. theileri should be considered potential etiologies of febrile syndrome in cattle from Colombia.
Assuntos
Infecções por Borrelia , Doenças dos Bovinos , Animais , Infecções por Borrelia/veterinária , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , DNA , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess dietary behavior among sixth- to eighth-grade students to inform the delivery and content of nutrition education. METHODS: This was a qualitative study through focus groups. Subjects were 57 adolescents 10-14 years old, 30 males and 27 females distributed in six groups. To compare group responses, transcriptions were coded using the original question guide. The information was analyzed using the content analysis technique. RESULTS: The main findings showed that adolescents knew dietary guidelines, but they consumed non-healthy food. They liked to cook but preferred fast food preparations. They increased fast food consumption on weekends and with friends. In utilization of Information Communication Technologies (ICT), all students had access to technology through mobile phones, tablets and computers and were open to have an interactive program with personal information about diet and behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents dietary behavior is not healthy and can be changed with interactive programs considering participation, personal information and utilizing ICT.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Comportamento de Escolha , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Criança , Chile , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Humanos , Masculino , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Instituições Acadêmicas/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) are flea-transmitted pathogens. They are important causes of acute febrile illness throughout the world. We, therefore, sought to identify the rickettsial species present in the fleas of dogs and cats in the department of Cauca, Colombia. In this study, we collected 1,242 fleas from 132 dogs and 43 fleas from 11 cats. All fleas were morphologically identified as Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché) adults and organized in pools for DNA extraction (234 pools from dogs and 11 from cats). The gltA gene from rickettsiae was targeted for screening amplification using conventional PCR. In total, 144 of the 245 pools (58.7%) were positive. The positive samples were then processed for the amplification of the 17kDa antigen gene (144/144; 100% positive) and sca5 gene (140/144; 97.2% positive). In addition, restriction enzyme length polymorphism analysis using NlaIV on the amplified product of the sca5 gene demonstrated several organisms: 21/140 (15%) were R. felis, 118/140 (84.3%) were Rickettsia asemboensis, and 1/140 (0.7%) were Candidatus Rickettsia senegalensis. Subsequent sequencing confirmed Candidatus Rickettsia senegalensis in C. felis collected from dogs the first reported from Colombia.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Ctenocephalides/microbiologia , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Infecções por Rickettsia/veterinária , Rickettsia/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Doenças do Gato/parasitologia , Gatos , Colômbia , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Cães , Infestações por Pulgas/parasitologia , Infestações por Pulgas/veterinária , Rickettsia/classificação , Infecções por Rickettsia/microbiologiaRESUMO
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a persistent virus with oncogenic capacity that has been implicated in the development of aggressive B cell lymphomas, primarily in immunosuppressed individuals, although it can be present in immunocompetent individuals. Changes in the function and clonal diversity of T lymphocytes might be implied by viral persistence and lymphoma development. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency, phenotype, function and clonotypical distribution of EBV-specific T cells after peripheral blood stimulation with a virus lysate in newly diagnosed patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) aged more than 50 years without prior histories of clinical immunosuppression compared with healthy controls. Our results showed impaired EBV-specific immune responses among DLBCL patients that were associated primarily with decreased numbers of central and effector memory CD8(+) T lymphocytes. In contrast to healthy controls, only a minority of the patients showed CD4(+)/tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α(+) T cells expressing T cell receptor (TCR)-Vß17 and CD8(+)/TNF-α(+) T cells with TCR-Vß5·2, Vß9 and Vß18 in response to EBV. Notably, the production of TNF-α was undetectable among TCR-Vß5·3(+), Vß11(+), Vß12(+), Vß16(+) and Vß23(+) CD8(+) T cells. In addition, we observed decreased numbers of CD4(+)/TNF-α(+) and CD8(+)/TNF-α(+), CD8(+)/interleukin (IL)-2(+) and CD8(+)/TNF-α(+)/IL-2(+) T lymphocytes in the absence of T cells capable of producing TNF-α, IL-2 and IFN-γ after EBV stimulation simultaneously. Moreover, DLBCL patients displayed higher IL-10 levels both under baseline conditions and after EBV stimulation. These findings were also observed in patients with positive EBV viral loads. Prospective studies including a large number of patients are needed to confirm these findings.
Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/imunologia , Herpesvirus Humano 4/imunologia , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/imunologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/metabolismo , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/virologia , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/sangue , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/virologia , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Herpesvirus Humano 4/fisiologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/imunologia , Humanos , Interferon gama/imunologia , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Interleucina-10/imunologia , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Interleucina-2/imunologia , Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Contagem de Linfócitos , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/sangue , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/virologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T alfa-beta/imunologia , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T alfa-beta/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Carga Viral/imunologiaRESUMO
Resumen La hemorragia posparto es una de las principales complicaciones maternas que genera morbimortalidad. Se asocia diversas causas, como atonía uterina, retención de restos placentarios y coagulopatías. Una poco conocida es la infección por Ascarislumbricoides. Se realiza la revisión de un caso clínico de paciente de 16 años de edad, que evolucionó a histerectomía secundaria a ascariasis y muerte materna, que ingresó al Servicio de Urgencias Obstétricas del Hospital de la Universidad del Norte. Según nuestro conocimiento, es el primer caso descrito en nuestro país en el que se sospecha la asociación de hemorragia posparto y la infección por Ascarislumbricoides.
Abstract Postpartum hemorrhage is one of the most important obstetrical complications, having a high morbidity and mortality rate. It is associated to different causes such as uterine atony, placental birth alterations, and coagulopathy. One not so well-known cause is the infestation with the parasite Ascarislumbricoides. We report a case of a 16-year-old patient who required an emergency postpartum hysterectomy until progressing to death due to ascariasis. To our current knowledge, this is the first reported case in Colombia where there is a suspected association between the infestation with Ascarislumbricoides and postpartum hemorrhage.
RESUMO
The objective was to describe changes in serum ferritin (SF) in women residents in Mexico City. We evaluated prospectively, three groups of non-anemic, non-pregnant women (< 20, 21-40 y 40-58 years old). Sociodemographic variables, hemoglobin (Hb) and erythrocyte index and SF values were registered. We included 252 women in the study. There were no differences in Hb values (15.0, 14.6 and 14.7 g/dL) or erythrocyte index between the three groups of women. We found significative differences (p < 0.001) in mean values of (32 and 34 micrograms/L), for group 1 and 2, with group 3 (SF 54 micrograms/L). In global sample, we observed low SF store, a normal or higher in 76 cases (30.2%), 163 (64.6%) and 13 cases (5.2%), respectively. The women with SF lower than 20 micrograms/L were in proportion 0.54, 0.32 and 0.16. Elevated values in SF were found in a proportion 0.04, 0.18 and 0.13, for groups 1, 2 and 3, with significative differences (p < 0.001). We observed that non-anemic women in Mexico City, showed increase in SF concentrations beginning at 41 years of age, without any major variation in their erythocyte indexes. The prevalence in moderate-severe iron deficiency between 18 to 40 years of years, decreasing progressively.
Assuntos
Ferritinas/sangue , Hemoglobinas/análise , Ferro/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Anemia Ferropriva/sangue , Anemia Ferropriva/diagnóstico , Feminino , Hemoglobinometria , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The object of this study was to evaluate the changes in fibrinolysis and clotting inhibitors in patients with preeclampsia and to describe the connection between preeclampsia and blood pressure values. Two groups of pregnant women were prospectively studied at delivery: group 1 women without preeclampsia and group 2 patients with preeclampsia. The variables that were registered are: diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean blood pressure (MBP), hemoglobin (Hb), platelet count (Plt), lupus like inhibitor, anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA), antinuclear antibodies (ANA), fibronectina, D dimer, protein S (PS), protein C (PC) and vo Willebrand factor (vWF). 62 pregnant women were included. The patients of group 2 presented high values of Hb (p 0.01), fibronectin (p 0.0001), D-dimer (p 0.01) and lower PC (p 0.04). We found an association between fibronectin and higher values of SBP, DBP, MBP and Hb (p 0.0007) versus lower values of VFW and PC (p 0.002). The low values of total PS were associated with high D-dimer and SBP results (p 0.04 and 0.002 respectively). All patients were ACA/ANA negative. In preclampsia there is a increased hemoconcentration and drop in clotting inhibitors (PC), without fibrinolytic compensatory response (lower D-dimer) and remarked vasopressive effect (hig fibronectin). This changes depend on the stratification of blood pressure. Th SBP and MBP values depend on the haemodynamic changes (Hb, fibronectin), while the increase in DBP expresses a non compensated thrombophilic state.
Assuntos
Pré-Eclâmpsia/complicações , Trombofilia/complicações , Pressão Sanguínea , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Contagem de Plaquetas , Pré-Eclâmpsia/sangue , Gravidez , Resultado da Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Trombofilia/sangueRESUMO
Este estudio fue realizado para valorar la reacción periapical producida con el uso de formocresol diluido 1:5 por cuatro minutos en pulpotomías de premolares temporales en perros, después de 45 días. Se tomaron 32 dientes, a 16 de los cuales se les colocó formocresol diluido 1:5 por cuatro minutos y la otra mitad fue utilizado como grupo de control. Se realizaron Cortes histológicos a nivel periapical, los cuales fueron evaluados a doble ciego, encontrando una marcada reacción inflamatoria a nivel periapical en el grupo experimental.
Assuntos
Formocresóis , PulpotomiaRESUMO
For to establish the probability of the early identification of the iron deficient in the infant, we evaluate the correlation between the serum ferritin (SF) values at two and eight months of age. It included 57 infants, 30 cases with SF higher than 20 ng/mL (group I), eight cases with SF between 12-20 ng/mL (group II) and 19 infants with SF lower of 12 ng/mL (group III); the addition of two late groups result in 27 cases with SF lower of 20 ng/mL (group IV). None cases had SF lower 20 ng/mL at two months of age. The correlation between SF values and hemoglobin (Hb) at two and eight months of age, the Hb of the infants deficients had better correlation (0.602 P = 0.006). The SF not had statistic correlation. For to establish if the groups had the same values of SF and Hb at two months on age, the SF values were in the group III vs group I were 154.1 and 274.6 ng/mL (P = 0.004) respectively. This data indicate that the infants that development severe iron deficiency to eight months of age, may predict this quantify the SF at two months of age.
Assuntos
Ferritinas/sangue , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Ferro/metabolismo , Humanos , Lactente , Estudos Prospectivos , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
For establishment correlation between erythrocyte indices and serum ferritin (SF), to identify infants at eighth months of age, with iron normal corporal stores, were studied 112 infants; 40 cases had severe deficient iron stores (SF < 12 ng/mL), 17 cases with "moderate" deficient iron stores (SF 12-20 ng/mL) and 55 infants with normal iron stores. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) was altered in the 40.1%, the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 29.5% and hemoglobin (Hb) 6.2%. In severe deficient iron stores, the MCH, with abnormal values had minor specificity (0.62), that MCV (0.88). With a SF < 20 ng/mL, specificity of the MCV was 0.92. Simultaneous alteration on MCH and MCV had similar specificity (0.92) and predictive positive values. With abnormal values of CMH + MCV or MCV alone, were established high probability for identify infants with normal iron stores.
Assuntos
Índices de Eritrócitos , Ferro/metabolismo , Anemia Hipocrômica/diagnóstico , Ferritinas/sangue , Humanos , Lactente , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
With the purpose of having parameters which can be useful to evaluate the maxillofacial anthropometric characteristics at birth, we present the results of maxillofacial anthropometric measurements of 22 items in 373 healthy eutrophic newborns of both sexes delivered at the National Institute of Perinatology in Mexico City. Minor alterations of facial structures may indicate the presence of a dysmorphological syndrome such as: wide nasal bridge and wide intercantal distance. This study did not show big increments in the different anthropometric measurements from one week of gestation to the next, except for the bizygomatic and intercommissural measurements.
Assuntos
Antropometria , Face/anatomia & histologia , Maxila/anatomia & histologia , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
Between February 1989 to August 1991, 184 macrosomic newborns were somatometrically evaluated during their first 12 hours of age (weight above 4000 g and height above 52 cm). They have a longitudinal follow-up at the Growth Clinic, of the National Institute of Perinatology, in Mexico City, during their first two years of age. All the infants without exception were feeding only with breast milk or protein modificative milk. The ablactation were since the four months of age with the same nutritional pattern. The macrosomic newborn maintain a higher velocity of growth, as a logarithmic kind, at the first two years of age with early cephalotoracic inversion, with maintenance of a big corporal pattern. We conclude that is useful to count with specific growth curves for macrosomic infants since their speed and rhythm of growth are different than for the adequate birth and low birth weight infants and even the macrosomic children of diabetic mother.
Assuntos
Estatura , Peso Corporal , Macrossomia Fetal , Crescimento , Biometria , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Estudos Longitudinais , MasculinoRESUMO
A 107 newborn premature children were anthropometrically evaluated during the first 12 months of their lives at the Growth Clinic of the National Institute of Perinatology in Mexico City. The study was longitudinal and included variables such as weight, height, cephalic, thoracic, abdominal and bronchial perimeters. The data are show in percentiles of 10, 50 and 90 for each variable. A symmetrical logarithmic behavior throughout the entire curve was seen with each of the six indicators evaluated, whose greatest percentage increase within the growth rate was generally seen during the first semester, decreasing during the second. It was seen that once the child reaches one, the premature infant reaches the full-term child (50 percentile) in weight, height and cephalic perimeter. In addition, the average speed of growth was four times greater for weight, two times greater for height and similar for the cephalic perimeter of the premature child with respect to the full-term infant. We conclude that it is useful to count on specific growth curves for premature children since their speed and rhythm of growth are different than for the full-term child during the first year of life.
Assuntos
Recém-Nascido Prematuro/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Antropometria , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , MéxicoRESUMO
The study compares 156 newborns whose mothers had an endocrinological diagnosis of various glucose metabolism disorders, and a control group of 42 newborn whose mothers had no glucose metabolism disorder. The entire sample including the control group had 98 males and 100 females. The study group with 156 newborns was divided into 4 groups, depending on the degree of the mother's disorder. In group 1, the baby's mothers suffered diabetes mellitus type 1; group 2, diabetes type 2; group 3, gestational diabetes; and group 4, pregnancy disorders of glucose. We observed that there were no differences among the groups in the weight/height ratio. Nevertheless there was great variability in the correlation between height and weight among the study groups. Multiplex box and whisker plots conform that intergroup dispersions in the weight height ratio was greater for the experimental group than for the control group. The pattern results was similar for the weight-head circumference ratio. We concluded that adequate control of glucose metabolism disorder during pregnancy results in product with normal growth indices.
Assuntos
Antropometria , Glicemia/metabolismo , Adulto , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez , Gravidez em Diabéticas/sangue , Gravidez em Diabéticas/epidemiologia , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
There is not sufficient information about the follow up of children belonging to mothers with some degree of glucose metabolism disorder. At The National Institute of Perinatology were studied 151 newborn. The babies were divided into four groups. The group 1 consisting of babies born from mothers with diabetes mellitus type I; group 2 of babies born from mothers with diabetes mellitus type II; group 3 including babies from mother with gestational diabetes and group 4 babies from mothers who presented alteration in glucose metabolism during pregnancy. After the evaluation of the somatic indicator we found an harmonic behavior in group 3 in weight, height and head circumference again. The most important finding was the low correlation in anthropometry at birth and one year of age. Finally we conclude that a strict control on the follow-up of the somatic growth of children, must be achieved because the hypertrophy during the first year of age depends on sociocultural and economic patterns.