RESUMO
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of different carbohydrate and lipid (CHO/L) ratios on the performance and energy metabolism of hybrid catfish (âPseudoplatystoma corruscans × â Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum). One hundred and sixty-eight fish (104.9±16.5 g BW) were distributed into 24 100-L tanks. The experiment was performed using a randomised block design with four CHO/L ratios (0.45, 1.00, 1.66 and 2.85) and six replications. Growth performance, protein content, glucose and triglycerides in plasma, muscle and liver, and the hepatic activity of the malic and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzymes were measured after 60 feeding days. No significant differences were observed in growth performance, protein and triglycerides of plasma and muscle, hepatic protein or malic enzyme activity. CHO/L: 2.85 provided the highest plasma and liver glucose, while CHO/L: 0.45 showed high liver triglycerides. A linear effect was found for the hepatic activity of G6PD and dietary starch levels (R2=0.93). The hepatic activity of G6PD was greater in CHO/L=2.85 than for CHO/L: 0.45. In conclusion, the limit of dietary starch inclusion and lipids were 15% and 9.00%, respectively (CHO/L: 1.66), and this level did not affect the energy metabolism of the juvenile hybrid catfish.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Peixes-Gato/metabolismo , Carboidratos da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Lipídeos/administração & dosagem , Animais , Peixes-Gato/sangue , Peixes-Gato/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Carboidratos da Dieta/sangue , Gorduras na Dieta/sangue , Lipídeos/sangueRESUMO
This study evaluated the effect of the consumption of different levels and sources of lipids on metabolic parameters of Wistar rats. Animals were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) containing 20% of lard for 12 weeks to cause metabolic obesity. Subsequently, the animals were divided into six groups and were fed diets with lipid concentrations of 5% or 20% of lard (LD), soybean oil (SO) or fish oil (FO), for 4 weeks. Data were submitted to analysis of variance (two-way) followed by Tukey post hoc test (p < 0.05). The groups that consumed FO showed less weight gain and lower serum levels of triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol and fractions, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, atherogenic index, less amount of fat in the carcass, decreased Lee index and lower total leukocyte counting (p < 0.05). These same parameters were higher in LD treatment (p < 0.05). In the concentration of 20%, carcass fat content, blood glucose levels, as well as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) decreased in FO groups (p < 0.05). The SO group had intermediate results regarding the other two treatments (FO and LD). We concluded that fish oil intake was able to modulate positively the metabolic changes resulting from HFD.
Assuntos
Dieta Hiperlipídica , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos de Peixe/administração & dosagem , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Adiposidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicemia/metabolismo , Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Gorduras na Dieta/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Óleos de Peixe/metabolismo , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/etiologia , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Ratos Wistar , Óleo de Soja/administração & dosagem , Óleo de Soja/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacos , gama-Glutamiltransferase/sangueRESUMO
An experiment was conducted during 60 days with forty pacu males fed diets supplemented with increasing concentrations of ractopamine (0.00, 11.25, 22.50, 33.75, and 45.00 mg kg−1). Eight fish were evaluated for each experimental diet. Performance and survival rate of the fish were measured. At the end of the experiment, blood was collected to determine the levels of cortisol, triacylglycerol, and protein. Moreover, the liver was collected to determine the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzymes. The fillets were collected to determine chemical composition, and histologic cuts were analyzed to verify muscle growth and deposition of adipose tissue between muscle fibers. Increasing concentrations of dietary ractopamine did not change feed intake, fillet yield, fillet content of protein and ash, and frequency of relative distribution of muscle fibers. By increasing the dietary ractopamine concentration, the serum cortisol level was elevated. Ractopamine supplementation (45.00 mg kg−1) increased serum levels of triacylglycerol and protein and reduced the activity of hepatic lipogenic enzymes and the survival rate of the fish, probably in response to the high concentration of circulating cortisol. In addition, the higher level of ractopamine supplementation evaluated in this research impaired the weight gain and feed conversion. However, 11.25 mg kg−1 ractopamine reduced the ether extract level determined in the fillet and the fat deposition between muscle fibers, improving the nutritional quality of meat.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/administração & dosagem , Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Caraciformes/fisiologia , Aditivos Alimentares/análiseRESUMO
This study aimed to determine the induction and recovery time in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) submitted to the anaesthetic agents 2-phenoxyethanol and menthol. Five concentrations were evaluated of the 2 phenoxyethanol (0.45 mL L-1; 0.60 mL L-1; 0.75 mL L-1; 0.90 mL L-1; 1.05 mL L-1) and menthol (50 mg L-1; 75 mg L-1; 100 mg L-1; 125 mg L-1; 150 mg L-1) in masculinized juvenile tilapia. The experiments were conducted independently in a completely randomized design (CRD), consisting of five treatments for each anaesthetic and 20 repetitions (fish) per treatment. The induction and recovery from anesthesia were divided into three stages, according to the fishes' behavior under the effect of the anesthetic, recording the length of time for each stage. Limnological parameters of water were controlled (pH and dissolved oxygen). Statistical analysis was performed using a generalized linear model with gamma distribution. From this study, it is possible to conclude that, for Nile tilapia juvenile under the same conditions of maintenance, with increasing concentration of 2-phenoxyethanol and menthol there is a reduction in the time of anesthetic induction and recovery. Concentrations of 0.90 mL L-1 of 2-phenoxyethanol and 125 mg L-1 of menthol were suitable for anesthetic induction in tilapia.
Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar o tempo de indução e recuperação em tilápias nilóticas (Oreochromis niloticus) submetidas aos anestésicos 2-fenoxietanol e mentol. Foram avaliadas cinco concentrações anestésicas do 2-fenoxietanol (0,45 mL L-1; 0,60 mL L-1; 0,75 mL L-1; 0,90 mL L-1; 1,05 mL L-1) e mentol (50 mg L-1; 75 mg L-1; 100 mg L-1, 125 mg L-1; 150 mg L-1), em juvenis machos revertidos de tilápia. Os experimentos foram desenvolvidos independentemente, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), compostos de cinco tratamentos para cada anestésico e 20 repetições (peixes) por tratamento. A indução e a recuperação da anestesia foram divididas em três estágios de acordo com o comportamento dos peixes sob efeito do anestésico, registrando-se o tempo de permanência em cada estágio. As variáveis limnológicas da água foram controladas (pH e oxigênio dissolvido). Para análise estatística foi utilizado um modelo linear generalizado com distribuição gama. A partir deste estudo pode-se concluir que, para juvenis de tilápia nilótica sob as mesmas condições de manutenção, com o aumento da concentração de 2-fenoxietanol e mentol ocorre uma redução do tempo de indução e recuperação anestésica. As concentrações de 0,90 mL L-1 de 2-fenoxietanol e 125 mg L-1 de mentol foram adequadas para indução anestésica em tilápias para fins de manejo.