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Currently, discharge regulations for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are based on conventional parameters, but more is needed to ensure safe water reuse. In particular, emerging pollutants, as antimicrobials and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), are not considered. This research focuses on the fate of emerging biological contaminants during wastewater treatment in Mexico City. intI1 and the ARGs cphA-02, OXA-10 and sul1 were analyzed by qPCR; pathogenic bacteria species were characterized by high throughput sequencing of complete 16S rRNA gene, and fragments of SARS-CoV-2 were quantified by RT-qPCR. Conventional parameters (chemical oxygen demand and coliform bacteria) were also determined. Two sampling campaigns (rainy and dry seasons) were carried out in four municipal WWTPs in Mexico City, representing five biological treatment processes: conventional activated sludge, extended aeration activated sludge, membrane bioreactor, direct anaerobic digestion, and constructed wetland, followed by ultraviolet light or chlorine disinfection. In most cases, gene fragments of SARS-CoV-2 were eliminated below the detection limit of RT-qPCR. The abundance of intI1 positively correlated with the sul1, OXA-10, and cphA-02 abundances; intI1 and the ARGs here studied were partially removed in the WWTPs, and in most cases, the number of copies per second discarded in the sludge were higher those in the effluent. The treatment processes decreased the abundance of dominant bacterial groups in the raw wastewater, while enriching bacterial groups in the effluent and the biological sludge, with possible pollutant removal capabilities. Bacterial communities in the raw wastewater showed the predominance of the genus Arcobacter (from 62.4 to 86.0 %) containing potentially pathogenic species. Additionally, DNA of some species persisted after the treatment processes: A. johnsonii, A. junii, A. caviae, A. hydrophila, A. veronii, A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus, Chryseobacterium indologenes, Hafnia paralvei, M. osloensis, Pseudomonas putida and Vibrio cholerae, which deserves special attention in future regulation for safe water reuse.
RESUMO
Introducción: El cáncer de tiroides es la neoplasia endocrina más frecuenteyel Carcinoma Papilar de tiroides representa el 80% de los casos. Por otro lado, la acromegalia es un trastorno poco diagnosticado con una incidencia estimada anual de 4 casos por millón de personas. Presentamos un caso en el que se presentan las dos entidades al mismo tiempo en un paciente y la discusión del posible nexobio químico. Caso clínico: Mujer de 23 años, con masa nodular pétrea de 3 centímetros, en polo superior de lóbulo derecho de tiroides; sometida a tiroidectomía radical y linfadenectomía cervical bilateral, reporte histopatológico de carcinoma papilar. Evoluciona con cambios visuales en ojo izquierdo, cefalea, amenorrea de 1 año, galactorrea negativa, características morfo-anatómicas de acromegalia, campimetría hemianopsia homónima izquierda. IRM de cerebro lesión sellar y suprasellar hiperintensa en T2 en relación a macroadenoma hipofisario. Bioquímicos: Prolactina 131.20, GH 2.7, ACTH 18.5, IGF1 434, IGFBP 35.8, TTOG para GH que se informa: GH 0 min: 10.7, GH 30 min: 9.24, GH 60 min: 7.9. Evolución: La paciente fue sometida a hipofisectomía transesfenoidal endoscópica parcial. En tratamiento con cabergolina 0.5 mg bisemanal, levotiroxina 225 mcg día y octreótide 20 mg mensual. Conclusión: Se concluye que siendo la acromegalia una enfermedad rara se asocia a cáncer de tiroides, implicando posibles mutaciones en la subunidad α de la proteína G.
Introduction:Thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine neoplasia and Papillary thyroid carcinoma represents 80% of cases. On the other hand, acromegaly is a poorly diagnosed disorder with an estimated annual incidence of 4 cases per million people. We present a case in which the two entities occur at the same time in a patient and the discussion of the possible biochemical link. Clinical case: 23-year-old woman, with a 3 cm stone nodular mass in the upper pole of the right thyroid lobe; submitted to radical thyroidectomy and bilateral cervical lymphadenectomy, histopathological report of papillary carcinoma. It evolves with visual changes in the left eye, headache, 1-year amenorrhea, negative galactorrhea, morpho-anatomical characteristics of acromegaly,left homonymous hemianopia campimetry. T2 hyperintense seal and suprasellar lesion brain MRI in relation to pituitary macroadenoma. Biochemicals: Prolactin 131.20, GH 2.7, ACTH 18.5, IGF1 434, IGFBP 35.8, TTOG for reported GH: GH 0 min: 10.7, GH 30 min: 9.24, GH 60 min: 7.9. Evolution: The patient underwent partial endoscopic transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. In treatment with cabergoline 0.5 mg twice weekly, levothyroxine 225 mcg day and octreotide 20 mg monthly. Conclusion: It is concluded that, being acromegaly a rare disease, it is associated with thyroid cancer, involving possible mutations in the α subunit of the G protein.