RESUMO
New information on the marine parasitic crustaceans from the Campeche coast, Gulf of Mexico (GoM), can improve our baseline knowledge of the ecology of both the host and parasite by providing, for example, parameters of infection. Such knowledge is especially important for fish farming, so that appropriate quarantine measures can be established. Our aim was to morphologically identify the parasitic crustaceans infecting puffer fish of commercial importance in the coastal zone of Campeche, Mexico. We provide new information on four known species of parasitic crustaceans from 92 specimens representing five species of tetraodontid fish. The parasitic crustaceans Argulus sp. (Branchiura, Argulidae), Caligushaemulonis (Caligidae), Pseudochondracanthusdiceraus (Chondracanthidae), and Taeniacanthuslagocephali (Taeniacanthidae) (all Copepoda) were found on Lagocephaluslaevigatus, Sphoeroidesnephelus, S.parvus, S.spengleri, and S.testudineus. This study revealed the occurrence of P.diceraus, which is of importance in aquaculture, on Sphoeroidesannulatus in the Mexican Pacific. Additionally, our results and other documentary records provide the first evidence of the interoceanic occurrence of the same parasitic crustacean species in the south-southwest of Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Pacific Ocean. Moreover, our study provides valuable information on the biodiversity of parasitic crustaceans present in the GoM on puffer fish which are of great commercial importance for human consumption, fisheries, and aquaculture.
RESUMO
Weeds affect various crops worldwide, causing low yields and, therefore,significant economic losses. These losses can be minimized by the use of herbicides such as glyphosate. However, the efficiency of glyphosate depends on the type of agrochemical formulations. The most widely used surfactant is polyethoxylated tallow amine. Nevertheless, the disadvantage of these compounds is that their toxicity is greater than that of glyphosate itself. Thus, this study aimed to develop anenvironmentally-friendly combination of surfactants that can increase the performance of glyphosate compared to other currently used formulations. Saponin (S) is environmentally friendly and has a unique ability to go through the waxy cuticle of the weed leaf. However, its interfacial properties are very poor. In contrast, the alkyl glucoside (AG)mixture has shown excellent interfacial properties, being an environmentally safe surfactant, but cannot pass through the cuticle. In the present study, we mixed both surfactants. Two formulations were made with 20% (F1) and 2% (F2) of S with 4% AG. To verifythe usefulness of our formulations, they were compared against a commercial product. The results showed that the commercial product had better CMC 0.3±0.1% and pC201.155±0.099 than our formulations F1 and F2. Formulations F1 and F2 showed better CMCthan the commercial product 36.5±4.1 mN/m and 30.9±1.4 mN/m, respectively. Field tests showed that F2 was more effective than the commercial product in eliminating weeds at the end of the test at 30 days. Our results allowed confirming that the use of saponinimproves the efficiency of glyphosate. The work showed that structures similar to cyclopentaneperhydrophenanthrene are very effective for introducing drugs into plants through the leaves. This is an advance in general and in particular for the increase ofthe yield in certain crops.(AU)
As ervas daninhas afetam várias culturas em todo o mundo, causando baixos rendimentos eperdas econômicas significativas. Essas perdas podem ser minimizadas pelo uso de herbicidas como o glifosato, cuja eficiência depende do tipo de formulação agroquímica. Osurfactante mais amplamente utilizado éaaminade sebo polietoxilada. No entanto, a desvantagem desses compostos é que sua toxicidade é maior do que ado próprio glifosato. Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver uma combinação de surfactantes ecologicamente correta que pode aumentar o desempenho do glifosato em comparação com outras formulações utilizadas atualmente. A saponina (S) é ecologicamente correta e tem a capacidade única de atravessar a cutícula cerosa da folha da erva daninha. No entanto, suas propriedades interfaciais são muito pobres. Em contraste, a mistura de alquil glicosídeo (AG) apresentou excelentes propriedades interfaciais, sendoum surfactante ambientalmente seguro, mas não pode passar pela cutícula. No presente estudo, misturamos os dois surfactantes. Duas formulações foram feitas com 20% (F1) e 2% (F2) de S com 4% AG. Para verificar a utilidade dasnossas formulações, elas foramcomparadas com um produto comercial. Os resultados mostraram que o produto comercial apresentou melhor CMC 0,3±0,1% e pC20 1,155±0,099 do que nossas formulações F1 e F2. As formulações F1 e F2 mostraram CMC melhor do que o produto comercial 36,5±4,1 mN/me 30,9±1,4 mN/m, respectivamente. Os testes de campo mostraram que o F2 foi mais eficaz do que o produto comercial na eliminação de ervas daninhas no final do teste aos 30 dias. Nossos resultados permitiram confirmar que o uso da saponina melhora a eficiência do glifosato. O trabalho mostrou que estruturas semelhantes ao ciclopentanoperidrofenantreno são muito eficazes para a introdução de drogas nas plantas através das folhas. Este é um avanço em geral e, em particular, para o aumento da produtividadedecertas safras.(AU)
Assuntos
Tensoativos/administração & dosagem , Tensoativos/síntese química , Herbicidas , Ácido Acético , Inseticidas Organofosforados/análiseRESUMO
Weeds affect various crops worldwide, causing low yields and, therefore,significant economic losses. These losses can be minimized by the use of herbicides such as glyphosate. However, the efficiency of glyphosate depends on the type of agrochemical formulations. The most widely used surfactant is polyethoxylated tallow amine. Nevertheless, the disadvantage of these compounds is that their toxicity is greater than that of glyphosate itself. Thus, this study aimed to develop anenvironmentally-friendly combination of surfactants that can increase the performance of glyphosate compared to other currently used formulations. Saponin (S) is environmentally friendly and has a unique ability to go through the waxy cuticle of the weed leaf. However, its interfacial properties are very poor. In contrast, the alkyl glucoside (AG)mixture has shown excellent interfacial properties, being an environmentally safe surfactant, but cannot pass through the cuticle. In the present study, we mixed both surfactants. Two formulations were made with 20% (F1) and 2% (F2) of S with 4% AG. To verifythe usefulness of our formulations, they were compared against a commercial product. The results showed that the commercial product had better CMC 0.3±0.1% and pC201.155±0.099 than our formulations F1 and F2. Formulations F1 and F2 showed better CMCthan the commercial product 36.5±4.1 mN/m and 30.9±1.4 mN/m, respectively. Field tests showed that F2 was more effective than the commercial product in eliminating weeds at the end of the test at 30 days. Our results allowed confirming that the use of saponinimproves the efficiency of glyphosate. The work showed that structures similar to cyclopentaneperhydrophenanthrene are very effective for introducing drugs into plants through the leaves. This is an advance in general and in particular for the increase ofthe yield in certain crops.
As ervas daninhas afetam várias culturas em todo o mundo, causando baixos rendimentos eperdas econômicas significativas. Essas perdas podem ser minimizadas pelo uso de herbicidas como o glifosato, cuja eficiência depende do tipo de formulação agroquímica. Osurfactante mais amplamente utilizado éaaminade sebo polietoxilada. No entanto, a desvantagem desses compostos é que sua toxicidade é maior do que ado próprio glifosato. Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver uma combinação de surfactantes ecologicamente correta que pode aumentar o desempenho do glifosato em comparação com outras formulações utilizadas atualmente. A saponina (S) é ecologicamente correta e tem a capacidade única de atravessar a cutícula cerosa da folha da erva daninha. No entanto, suas propriedades interfaciais são muito pobres. Em contraste, a mistura de alquil glicosídeo (AG) apresentou excelentes propriedades interfaciais, sendoum surfactante ambientalmente seguro, mas não pode passar pela cutícula. No presente estudo, misturamos os dois surfactantes. Duas formulações foram feitas com 20% (F1) e 2% (F2) de S com 4% AG. Para verificar a utilidade dasnossas formulações, elas foramcomparadas com um produto comercial. Os resultados mostraram que o produto comercial apresentou melhor CMC 0,3±0,1% e pC20 1,155±0,099 do que nossas formulações F1 e F2. As formulações F1 e F2 mostraram CMC melhor do que o produto comercial 36,5±4,1 mN/me 30,9±1,4 mN/m, respectivamente. Os testes de campo mostraram que o F2 foi mais eficaz do que o produto comercial na eliminação de ervas daninhas no final do teste aos 30 dias. Nossos resultados permitiram confirmar que o uso da saponina melhora a eficiência do glifosato. O trabalho mostrou que estruturas semelhantes ao ciclopentanoperidrofenantreno são muito eficazes para a introdução de drogas nas plantas através das folhas. Este é um avanço em geral e, em particular, para o aumento da produtividadedecertas safras.
Assuntos
Herbicidas , Inseticidas Organofosforados/análise , Tensoativos/administração & dosagem , Tensoativos/síntese química , Ácido AcéticoRESUMO
Our knowledge of the parasite species present in wildlife hosts is incomplete. Protozoans such as amoebae of the genus Entamoeba infect a large variety of vertebrate species, including NHPs. However, traditionally, their identification has been accomplished through microscopic evaluation; therefore, amoeba species have not always been identified correctly. We searched for Entamoeba spp. using a fragment of the small subunit rDNA in free-ranging howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata and A. pigra) from southeast Mexico. One hundred fifty five samples were collected, with 46 from A. palliata and 109 from A. pigra and 8 of the total samples were positive. We detected a new clade of Entamoeba, which was separated from other described species but closer to E. insolita, as well as an unnamed sequence typically found in iguana species with low shared identity values (<90%). We designated this new clade as conditional lineage 8 (CL8) and we have shown that members of this group are not exclusive to reptiles.
Assuntos
Alouatta/parasitologia , Entamoeba/isolamento & purificação , Répteis/parasitologia , Animais , Animais Selvagens/genética , Animais Selvagens/parasitologia , DNA Ribossômico , Entamoeba/classificação , Entamoeba/genética , MéxicoRESUMO
Describir osteonecrosis disbárica (ODB) en buzo pesquero y exponer la experiencia inédita de tratamiento con artroplastia de superficie (AS). Introducción ODB, forma de necrosis avascular secundaria a enfermedad por descompresión (EDC), cuyo tratamiento gold standard para estadios avanzados continúa siendo la artroplastia total (AT). Presentación de caso: Paciente de 49 años, buzo pesquero, antecedentes de EDC tratada el 2008 en cámara hiperbárica, con diagnóstico compatible con ODB de cabeza humeral derecha de 6 años de evolución; Constant score=29. Se realiza AS del hombro derecho, y luego de 18 meses de seguimiento se reporta una adecuada evolución clínica con remisión de la sintomatología; Constant score a 18 meses=72. Discusión: El uso de AT en el paciente joven es limitado, por lo que surge la necesidad de implementar nuevas técnicas quirúrgicas en este grupo de pacientes. Conclusión: La AS constituye una alternativa terapéutica en adultos jóvenes y activos con ODB...
Introduce and describe Dysbaric Osteonecrosis (DON) in a fishing diver patient, emphasising clinical features, use of imaging methods, and present a new experience of treatment with Resurfacing Arthroplasty (RA). Introduction: DON, a form of avascular necrosis secondary to Decompression Sickness (DCS). Total Arthroplasty (AT) remains the reference treatment for advanced stages. Case report: Male, 49 years old, fishing diver, with a history of DCS treated in a hyperbaric chamber (2008). Right humeral head DON Compatible with 6 years of onset. Constant Score=29. RA performed on right shoulder. Clinical remission of symptoms was observed after 18 months of follow-up. Constant Score at 18 months=72. Discussion: TA use in young patients is limited, so there is a need to implement new surgical techniques in this group of patients. Conclusion: RA is a therapeutic alternative in young and active subjects with DON...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Artroscopia/métodos , Mergulho/lesões , Doença da Descompressão/complicações , Osteonecrose/cirurgia , Cabeça do Úmero , Osteonecrose/etiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Cardiology is characterized by its state-of-the-art biomedical technology and the predominance of Evidence-Based Medicine. This predominance makes it difficult for healthcare professionals to deal with the ethical dilemmas that emerge in this subspecialty. This paper is a first endeavor to empirically investigate the axiological foundations of the healthcare professionals in a cardiology hospital. Our pilot study selected, as the target population, cardiology personnel not only because of their difficult ethical deliberations but also because of the stringent conditions in which they have to make them. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reconsider clinical ethics and Value-Based Medicine. This study proposes a qualitative analysis of the values and the virtues of healthcare professionals in a cardiology hospital in order to establish how the former impact upon the medical and ethical decisions made by the latter. RESULTS: We point out the need for strengthening the roles of healthcare personnel as educators and guidance counselors in order to meet the ends of medicine, as well as the need for an ethical discernment that is compatible with our results, namely, that the ethical values developed by healthcare professionals stem from their life history as well as their professional education. CONCLUSION: We establish the kind of actions, communication skills and empathy that are required to build a stronger patient-healthcare professional relationship, which at the same time improves prognosis, treatment efficiency and therapeutic adhesion.
Assuntos
Institutos de Cardiologia/ética , Cardiologia/ética , Ética Médica , Relações Médico-Paciente/ética , Humanos , Papel do Médico , Projetos Piloto , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
Introducción: En Lima con casi tres millones de niños, no se han reportado hasta la actualidad estudios de prevalencia de alergia infantil. Objetivos: Determinar las características epidemiológicas actuales de la alergia ocular infantil en los estudiantes de escasos recursos, del nivel primario del sur de Lima. Se tomó muestra significativa a escolares de 8 colegios primarios, de tres distritos del sur de Lima, con 120 000 niños. Material y método: Se hizo un estudio transversal y observacional, se evaluó y examinó, in situ en cada escuela a 2 011 escolares de educación primaria. Para el cálculo de muestras usamos Excel 2003 y para análisis usamos SPSS 15,0. Resultados: Se halló una moderada prevalencia de alergia ocular (16,3%) (p <0,01) en la población escolar entre 6 y 11 años. Con un aumento de la frecuencia de alergia ocular que se incrementa conjuntamente con la edad. La alergia ocular se correlaciona más con la blefaritis y el chalazión. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de alergia ocular de 16,3% es moderada en la población escolar primaria de Lima sur, el comportamiento de la alergia ocular es ascendente según avanza la edad de los escolares (Y=0,0305 X=0,0638); pudiera tener relación con un mayor tiempo de exposición a los alergenos, así como a peculiaridades del estilo de vida del pre adolescente.
Introduction: In Lima with a population of almost three million children it has been not reported until now child allergy prevalence studies. Objectives: To determine the current epidemiological characteristics of childrenÆs eye allergy in the poor elementary students in South of Lima. We took significant sample to students from 8 primary schools in three districts in the South of Lima, with 120,000 children. Material and method: A cross-sectional and observational study was made, assessed and considered, on-site at each school 2,011 elementary students. For the calculation of samples we use Excel 2003 and for analysis we use SPSS 15.0. Results: With an increase in the frequency of eye allergy that increases with age. Eye allergy is more correlated with the blepharitis and the chalazion. Conclusions: The prevalence of eye allergy 16.3% is moderate in the primary school population of Lima South, the eye allergy behavior is rising as advances school age (Y = 0.0305 X=0.0638); It could be related to a longer exposure to allergens, as well as the lifestyle of the teenage pre peculiarities.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Alérgenos , Conjuntivite Alérgica , Conjuntivite Alérgica/diagnóstico , Estudantes , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Observacionais como AssuntoRESUMO
El angioqueratoma nevoide circunscrito es el más raro de los cinco tipos de angioqueratomas descritos en la literatura. Estas lesiones usualmente están presentes al nacimiento y no se relacionan con enfermedad sistémica. Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 32 años con cuadro clínico de angioqueratoma nevoide circunscrito tratado con crioterapia, con buena respuesta inicial.
Assuntos
Angioceratoma/terapia , Crioterapia , Doença de Fabry , Coxa da PernaRESUMO
Introducción: en el Perú con casi 12 millones de niños, no se han reportado hasta la actualidad estudios de prevalencia de ametropía o ambliopía en escolares. Objetivos: determinar las características epidemiológicas actuales en tratamiento de la ambliopía severa ametropía en los estudiantes de escasos recursos del sur de Lima, en Perú. Se tomó muestra significativa a escolares de 42 colegios, de cinco distritos del sur de Lima, con 120 000 niños. Material y Método: se hizo un estudio en tres etapas, La primera transversal y observacional, evaluó agudeza visual y examen refractivo, in situ en cada escuela a 12 364 escolares. La segunda, fue de seguimiento a los amétropes moderados y severos, con examen oftalmológico, para confirmar grado de ametropía y su respectiva refracción cicloplégica. La tercera, detecto escolares ambliopes si la agudeza visual no mejoraba con su mejor corrección con lentes; asociamos ametropía severa y ambliopía y evaluó la existencia de tratamiento inicial para ambliopía con anteojos; se utilizó Exel 2003 para el calculo de muestras y análisis de resultados. Resultados: se halló una alta prevalencia de ametropía (46,3 por ciento) (p <0,01) en la población escolar en general y alta prevalencia de ambliopía en escolares amétropes severos (39 por ciento). Cuatro amétropes severos de cada diez había desarrollado ambliopía (p<0,029); y de estos el 90,25 por ciento no utilizaba anteojos (p< 0,045). Conclusiones: urge tomar medidas de prevención visual de ambliopía antes de los 5 años de edad, hasta dicha edad es recuperable ya que disminuye el rendimiento escolar. Podría ser que la desnutrición infantil precoz sea un factor de riesgo para la presencia de ametropías.
Background: There are almost 12 million children in Peru, and no studies regarding the prevalence of ametropia or amblyopia in school children have ever been reported. Objetives: To determine the epidemiologic characteristics and current therapy strategies for severe ametropia and amblyopia in students from limited-resource families in Southern Lima, Peru. Material and methods: A significant sample representative of 120,000 children from 42 schools in five districts of Southern Lima was assessed. The study was performed in three stages. The first one was a cross-sectional and observational survey, assessing visual acuity and performing refraction testing in 12,364 students. The second stage consisted in follow-up assessments in students with moderate and severe ametropy, aiming to confirm their ametropy degree and its respective cyclopegic refraction. The third stage detected students with amblyopia if visual acuty could not be corrected with the best prescription for wearing eyeglasses; we looked for a relationship between severe ametropy and amblyopia, and we determined whether the children had any eyeglasses prescription as initial therapy for amblyopia. Excel 2003 software was used for calculating sample size and for analyzing results obtained. Results: We found a high prevalence of ametropia (46,3 per cent) (p <0,01) in the general school children population and a high prevalence of amblyiopia in those children with severe ametropy (39 per cent). Four children out of ten with severe ametropy had developed amblyopia (p< 0,029); and of 90,25 per cent of them did not wear eyeglasses (p< 0.045). Conclusion: It is urgent to make prevention interventions for amblyopia before 5 years of age, since this condition may still be reversible at that age. We also postulate that infantile malnutrition may be a risk factor for the development of ametropy, as it is the case for a poor academic performance.