RESUMO
We designed and tested the feasibility of the Smoking Cessation Training Program for Oncology Practice (STOP), a hybrid (face-to-face plus web-based) educational intervention to enhance Spanish-speaking cancer care professionals' (CCPs') ability to provide brief smoking prevention and cessation counseling to cancer patients and survivors. Changes in the CCPs' competencies (knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and practices toward smoking and smoking cessation services) were assessed post-training. Sixty CCPs from one major cancer center in Colombia (n = 30) and Peru (n = 30) were invited to participate in a 4-module hybrid training program on smoking prevention and cessation. Demographic and pre- and post-test evaluation data were collected. The training's acceptability was measured after each module. Bivariate analysis was conducted using Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare the CCPs' competencies before and after the delivery of the STOP Program. Effect sizes were computed over time to assess the sustainability of the acquired competencies. Twenty-nine CCPs in Colombia and 24 CCPs in Peru completed the STOP Program (96.6% and 80.0% retention rates, respectively). In both countries, 98.2% of the CCPs reported that the overall structure and organization of the program provided an excellent learning experience. The pre-post-test evaluations indicated that the CCPs significantly improved their knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and practices toward smoking, smoking prevention, and cessation services. We found that the CCPs' self-efficacy and practices increased over time (1-, 3-, and 6-month assessments after completing the 4 educational modules). The STOP Program was effective and well-received, demonstrating remarkable changes in CCPs' competencies in providing smoking prevention and cessation services to cancer patients.
Assuntos
Neoplasias , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar , Humanos , Prevenção do Hábito de Fumar , Colômbia , Peru , Fumar , Neoplasias/prevenção & controleRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Objectives: to investigate the relationship of R1587K genotypes with cardiovascular (CV) risk, metabolic syndrome (MetS), lipid profile, paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity, and anti-oxLDL titers. Methods: we performed a cross-sectional study in 57 northern Mexican adults with no reported diseases. The ABCA1 R1587K SNP was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using TaqMan allelic discrimination probes. We evaluated the relationship of R1587K with metabolic syndrome and clinical parameters including lipid profile, glucose and insulin, PON1 activity and concentration, anti-oxLDL antibodies, anthropometry and body-composition parameters, and the atherogenic index of plasma calculation. Results: our results show higher triglyceride levels in the RK + KK carriers as compared to RR carriers (p = 0.031). An association between the RK + KK genotype and the presence of MetS (OR = 4.566, 95% CI = 1.386-14.92, p = 0.010) and a tendency towards high CV risk (OR = 3.317, 95% CI = 0.910-8.611, p = 0.069) was observed in comparison to RR carriers; however, there were no differences in HDL-C levels, PON1 activity and concentration, and anti-oxLDL titers among the R1587K genotypes. Conclusions: in the northern Mexican population, the ABCA1 gene R1587K SNP is present and the RK + KK genotypes are associated with MetS and increased triglyceride concentrations; therefore, it could be a CV risk biomarker. Nevertheless there is a need for further confirmation in longitudinal studies.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Objetivo: investigar la relación de los genotipos del SNP R1587K con el riesgo cardiovascular (CV), el síndrome metabólico (SM), el perfil de lípidos, la actividad de paraoxonasa 1 (PON1) y los anticuerpos contra las LDL oxidadas (anti-oxLDL). Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal con 57 adultos del norte de México que reportaron no tener enfermedades diagnosticadas. El SNP R1587K del gen ABCA1 se detectó a través de PCR en tiempo real (qPCR) usando sondas TaqMan para discriminación alélica. Para evaluar la asociación del SNP R1587K con el SM y determinados parámetros clínicos se determinaron el perfil de lípidos, los niveles de glucosa e insulina, la actividad y concentración de PON1, los anticuerpos anti-oxLDL, los parámetros antropométricos y de composición corporal, y el cálculo del índice aterogénico en plasma. Resultados: los resultados mostraron mayores niveles de triglicéridos en los portadores del genotipo RR + KK que en los portadores de RR (p = 0,031). Se observó una asociación entre el genotipo RK + KK y la presencia de SM (OR = 4,566, IC 95% = 1,386-14,92, p = 0,010) y una tendencia hacia un mayor riesgo cardiovascular (OR = 3,317, IC 95% = 0,910-8,611, p = 0,069) al compararlos con los portadores de RR. No se encontraron diferencias en los niveles de HDL-C, la actividad y concentración de PON1 y los anti-oxLDL entre los genotipos R1587K. Conclusiones: el SNP R1587K del gen ABCA1 se encuentra presente en la población del norte de México y el genotipo RK + KK se asocia con el SM y concentraciones elevadas de triglicéridos, por lo que este SNP podría ser un biomarcador de riesgo cardiovascular. Sin embargo, se necesita confirmación a través de estudios longitudinales. .
Assuntos
Transportador 1 de Cassete de Ligação de ATP/genética , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Adulto , Arildialquilfosfatase/sangue , Glicemia/análise , Composição Corporal/genética , Estudos Transversais , DNA/genética , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Humanos , Insulina/sangue , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: To determine the process and meaning of the experience of women with cervical cancer who had completed treatment within less than 5 years. METHODS: Qualitative study that included 13 women with cervical cancer, who participated after receiving a year of treatment. The data was collected by conducting 16 in-depth interviews that took place in participants' domiciles. Grounded theory procedures were used to conduct the analysis. RESULTS: "Finding myself as a cervical cancer survivor" was identified as the central dimension on the present study, confirmed by 5 subcategories: entering an unknown path, facing what no one can imagine, living with the disease, moving on regardless of the tiredness, and stop suffering for a new opportunity. CONCLUSION: Gaining an understanding of the reality that women with cervical cancer face reveals their strength and capacity to deal with difficulties and late side effects that need to be recognized by health professionals in the face of a disease categorized as deadly and dangerous.
Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Sobreviventes de Câncer/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/psicologia , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
En el artículo, derivado de investigación, se muestran las dificultades identificadas en la ciudadela de la Universidad de Antioquia al momento de construir una definición de ambiente en la cual se incluya al ser humano como parte integral del mismo. Para tal fin se aplicaron dos encuestas, la primera que fue denominada "prueba piloto" sirvió para afinar las preguntas usadas en el campo de la psicología a la hora de abordar la preocupación ambiental, ésta es, la escala de Likert; la segunda, fue la encuesta depurada y aplicada entre empleados, docentes y estudiantes de la ciudad universitaria, que ofreció los elementos necesarios para analizar las representaciones sociales del ambiente que comprenden la valoración de los problemas ambientales, el nivel de implicación personal y la capacidad de acción, permitiendo una lectura desde la perspectiva antropológica de las relaciones entre los humanos y el ambiente en ese contexto social.
This article, derived from research, shows the difficulties identified in the Citadel of the University of Antioquia when it comes to constructing a definition of the environment in which the human being, as an integral part, must be included. For this purpose, two surveys were applied, the first one which was called "a pilot test" served to refine the questions used in the field of psychology in addressing environmental concerns, this is, the Likert scale; the second one, was a refined survey that was applied among employees, teachers, and students, at the University Campus, which offered the elements needed to analyze the social representations comprising the assessment of environmental problems, the level of personal involvement, and the capacity of action, allowing a reading from the anthropological perspective of relationships between humans and the environment in this social context.