RESUMO
Northern analyses of neonatal cardiac myocytes demonstrated that TGF-beta1 (5 ng/ml) stimulates and IL-1beta (5 ng/ml) decreases the steady-state levels of the mRNA coding for the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. This is in agreement with the effects of TGF-beta1 and IL-1beta on beating rate and calcium uptake, suggesting that such effects might be mediated, at least partially, through up-regulation of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. Basal and TGF-beta1 stimulated mRNA levels were inhibited by the PKC inhibitors H7 (10 microM) and GF109203X (250 nM). In addition, apigenin (12.5 microM), a MAP kinase inhibitor, was able to inhibit basal mRNA levels for the exchanger. Cycloheximide (35.5 microM) had no effect on basal mRNA levels for the exchanger but steady-state levels were diminished in cells treated with TGF-beta1. Finally, actinomycin D (10 microM) inhibited both basal and TGF-beta1 stimulated mRNA levels, though with a more pronounced effect in the presence of TGF-beta1. These results suggest that a complex mechanism of regulation exists for the exchanger and that PKC and possibly MAP kinases might be involved. The up-regulation of this important protein for calcium extrusion, induced by TGF-beta1, might prepare cells to better overcome the calcium overload which occurs under cellular stress and might explain some of the cytoprotective effects of TGF-beta1.
Assuntos
Trocador de Sódio e Cálcio/genética , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Regulação para Cima , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Radioisótopos de Cálcio , Proteínas Quinases Dependentes de Cálcio-Calmodulina/antagonistas & inibidores , Células Cultivadas , Proteínas Quinases Dependentes de AMP Cíclico/antagonistas & inibidores , Humanos , Miocárdio/citologia , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase C/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores da Síntese de Proteínas/farmacologia , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , RNA Mensageiro , Ratos , Suínos , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/farmacologiaRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the prediction of soft tissue changes after LeFort I osteotomy with the DentoFacial Planner (DFP) (computer software). The preoperative and postoperative lateral cephalograms of 21 white adult orthodontic patients (10 males and 11 females) who underwent only LeFort I osteotomy as part of their overall treatment were digitized. A coordinate system of X and Y axes were used to assess the amount and direction of movement of the maxilla. The SN + 7 degrees was the X axis, and a perpendicular to this plane from nasion was the Y axis. The sample was divided into two groups depending on the amount of forward movement of the maxilla. More than 2 mm of anterior placement of the maxilla comprised the advancement group (13 patients) and less than 2 mm comprised the impaction group (8 patients). The selection criteria for the sample were (1) before and after cephalograms taken with lips in repose and in centric occlusion; (2) all preoperative records taken almost immediately before surgery; (3) postoperative records taken at least 6 months after surgery and checked by regional superimposition of the preoperative and postoperative lateral cephalograms onto the maxilla and the mandible. No tooth movement occurred between the time the records were taken. The following soft tissue landmarks were examined: pronasale, subnasale, stomion superior, middle upper lip, stomion inferior, middle lower lip, labrale inferior, labiomental fold, and pogonion. The results indicate that for some of these landmarks the amount and direction of soft tissue changes differed between the DFP prediction and the actual surgical changes by LeFort I osteotomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assuntos
Cefalometria/instrumentação , Face/anatomia & histologia , Maxila/cirurgia , Software , Terapia Assistida por Computador , Adolescente , Adulto , Cefalometria/métodos , Feminino , Previsões , Humanos , Masculino , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Planejamento de Assistência ao Paciente , Intensificação de Imagem Radiográfica , Análise de Regressão , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Retrognatismo/cirurgiaAssuntos
Aparelhos de Tração Extrabucal , Má Oclusão Classe II de Angle/terapia , Desenho de Aparelho Ortodôntico , Ortodontia Interceptora/métodos , Cefalometria , Criança , Análise do Estresse Dentário , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Maxila/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Desenvolvimento Maxilofacial , Análise Multivariada , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Aparelhos Ortodônticos/efeitos adversos , Ortodontia Corretiva/efeitos adversos , Síndrome da Disfunção da Articulação Temporomandibular/etiologia , Extração Dentária/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Dente Pré-Molar/cirurgia , Dor Facial/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Má Oclusão/complicações , Má Oclusão/terapia , Músculos da Mastigação/fisiopatologia , Maxila , Análise Multivariada , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Estudos Prospectivos , Amplitude de Movimento Articular , SomRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to determine whether skeletal age assessments using the first, second, and third fingers of the hand are as valid as those using the entire hand-wrist. Previous studies have demonstrated that treatment can be better oriented to the unique physiologic characteristics of the individual if skeletal age is used to assess maturational status. The sample was selected from the files of the Bolton-Brush Foundation and consisted of radiographs of 19 male and 20 female subjects whose yearly hand-wrist radiographs were available covering the age span of 10 to 16 years for girls and 12 to 18 years for male subjects. Two maturity indicators, the sesamoid and the epiphyseal-diaphyseal stages of ossification, were evaluated. Reliability of the method was tested by the t test for paired comparisons and the Pearson product-moment correlation. To determine the validity of the method, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. In addition, the Pearson product-moment correlations between the two methods were performed and the 95% confidence intervals for mean differences for each sex and time were calculated. As indicated by the ANOVA, the two methods differed by a statistically significant amount, with the three-fingers assessments being slightly more advanced than the hand-wrist assessments. Although they differed, for the male subjects, the three-fingers method never deviated from that of the hand-wrist by more than 2.89 months with a minimum deviation of 0.32 months. For the female subjects, the maximum deviation was 4.45 months with a minimum of 1.55 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)