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Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer, but oral involvement is extremely rare. Here, we showed a case of a 71-year-old Caucasian male patient presenting an asymptomatic submucosal nodule in the left buccal mucosa on the same side of a previous BCC skin lesion. Intraoral examination revealed a circumscribed sessile and fibrous mass covered by normal mucosa. An incisional biopsy was performed. Microscopically, the lesion showed uniform, ovoid, dark-staining basaloid cells with medium-sized nuclei and little cytoplasm arranged in islands and strands, invading the underlying connective tissue. These islands demonstrated palisading of the peripheral cells and occasionally central areas with epidermoid differentiation. The final diagnosis was nodular basal cell carcinoma. Although uncommon, recurrent BCC may occur in the oral cavity. (AU)

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Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) constitutes over 90% of oral cancers, known for its aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising adjuvant therapy and is linked to immunogenic cell death, activating innate and adaptive anti-tumor responses. Natural Killer (NK) cells, key players in malignant cell elimination, have not been extensively studied in PDT. This study evaluates whether PDT increases OSCC cell lines' susceptibility to NK cell cytotoxicity. PDT, using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and LED irradiation, was applied to Ca1 and Luc4 cell lines. Results showed a dose-dependent viability decrease post-PDT. Gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of NK cell-activating ligands (ULBP1-4, MICA/B) and decreased MHC class I expression in Ca1, suggesting increased NK cell susceptibility. Enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity was confirmed in Ca1 but not in Luc4 cells. These findings indicate that PDT may enhance NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in OSCC, offering potential for improved treatment strategies.

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Alternative splicing is the process of generating different mRNAs from the same primary transcript, which contributes to increase the transcriptome and proteome diversity. Abnormal splicing has been associated with the development of several diseases including cancer. Given that mutations and abnormal levels of the RIPK2 transcript and RIP-2 protein are frequent in tumors, and that RIP-2 modulates immune and inflammatory responses, we investigated alternative splicing events that result in partial deletions of the kinase domain at the N-terminus of RIP-2. We also investigated the structure and expression of the RIPK2 truncated variants and isoforms in different environments. In addition, we searched data throughout Supraprimates evolution that could support the biological importance of RIPK2 alternatively spliced products. We observed that human variants and isoforms were differentially regulated following temperature stress, and that the truncated transcript was more expressed than the long transcript in tumor samples. The inverse was found for the longer protein isoform. The truncated variant was also detected in chimpanzee, gorilla, hare, pika, mouse, rat, and tree shrew. The fact that the same variant has been preserved in mammals with divergence times up to 70 million years raises the hypothesis that it may have a functional significance.

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Photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) has shown positive effects when applied locally to modulate the inflammatory process and facilitate muscle repair. However, the available literature on the mechanisms of action of vascular photobiomodulation (VPBM), a non-invasive method of vascular irradiation, specifically in the context of local muscle repair, is limited. Thus, this study aimed to assess the impact of vascular photobiomodulation (VPBM) using a low-level laser (LLL) on the inflammatory response and the process of skeletal muscle repair whether administered prior to or following cryoinjury-induced acute muscle damage in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. Wistar rats (n = 85) were organized into the following experimental groups: (1) Control (n = 5); (2) Non-Injury + VPBM (n = 20); (3) Injured (n = 20); (4) Pre-VPBM + Injury (n = 20); (5) Injury + Post-VPBM (n = 20). VPBM was administered over the vein/artery at the base of the animals' tails (wavelength: 780 nm; power: 40 mW; application area: 0.04 cm2; energy density: 80 J/cm2). Euthanasia of the animals was carried out at 1, 2, 5, and 7 days after inducing the injuries. Tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were collected for both qualitative and quantitative histological analysis using H&E staining and for assessing protein expression of TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-1ß, and IL-6 via ELISA. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using an automatic hematological analyzer and a leukocyte differential counter. Data were subjected to statistical analysis (ANOVA/Tukey). The results revealed that applying VPBM prior to injury led to an increase in circulating neutrophils (granulocytes) after 1 day and a subsequent increase in monocytes after 2 and 5 days, compared to the Non-Injury + VPBM and Injured groups. Notably, an increase in erythrocytes and hemoglobin concentration was observed in the Non-Injury + VPBM group on days 1 and 2 in comparison to the Injured group. In terms of histological aspects, only the Prior VPBM + Injured group exhibited a reduction in the number of inflammatory cells after 1, 5, and 7 days, along with an increase in blood vessels at 5 days. Both the Prior VPBM + Injured and Injured + VPBM after groups displayed a decrease in myonecrosis at 1, 2, and 7 days, an increase in newly-formed and immature fibers after 5 and 7 days, and neovascularization after 1, 2, and 7 days. Regarding protein expression, there was an increase in MCP-1 after 1 and 5 days, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß after 1, 2, and 5 days in the Injured + VPBM after group when compared to the other experimental groups. The Prior VPBM + Injured group exhibited increased MCP-1 production after 2 days, in comparison to the Non-Injury + VPBM and Control groups. Notably, on day 7, the Injured group continued to show elevated MCP-1 protein expression when compared to the VPBM groups. In conclusion, VPBM effectively modulated hematological parameters, circulating leukocytes, the protein expression of the chemokine MCP-1, and the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1ß, ultimately influencing the inflammatory process. This modulation resulted in a reduction of myonecrosis, restoration of tissue architecture, increased formation of newly and immature muscle fibers, and enhanced neovascularization, with more pronounced effects when VPBM was applied prior to the muscle injury.

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This study investigates the profound impact of the ZrO2 inclusion volume on the characteristics of Al2O3/ZrO2 nanocomposites, particularly influencing the formation of calcium phosphates on the surface. This research, aimed at advancing tissue engineering, prepared nanocomposites with 5, 10, and 15 vol% ZrO2, subjecting them to chemical surface treatment for enhanced calcium phosphate deposition sites. Biomimetic coating with Sr-enriched simulated body fluid (SBF) further enhanced the bioactivity of nanocomposites. While the ZrO2 concentration heightened the oxygen availability on nanocomposite surfaces, the quantity of Sr-containing phosphate was comparatively less influenced than the formation of calcium phosphate phases. Notably, the coated nanocomposites exhibited a high cell viability and no toxicity, signifying their potential in bone tissue engineering. Overall, these findings contribute to the development of regenerative biomaterials, holding promise for enhancing bone regeneration therapies.

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BACKGROUND: Cholesterol in cell membranes is crucial for cell signaling, adhesion, and migration. Membranes feature cholesterol-rich caveolae with caveolin proteins, playing roles in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer progression. Despite elevated cholesterol levels in tumors, its precise function and the effects of its depletion in oral squamous cell carcinoma remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of cholesterol depletion in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line and epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. METHODS: Cholesterol depletion was induced on SCC-9 cells by methyl-ß-cyclodextrin and cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, and colony formation capacities were evaluated. Gene and protein expressions were evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western Blot, respectively, and cell sublocalization was assessed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS: Cholesterol depletion resulted in alteration of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell morphology at different concentrations of methyl-ß-cyclodextrin, as well as decreased cell proliferation and viability rates. Analysis of CAV1 transcript expression revealed increased gene expression in the treated SCC-9 during the 24 h period, at different concentrations of methyl-ß-cyclodextrin: 5 , 7.5, 10, and 15 mM, in relation to parental SCC-9. CAV1 protein expression was increased, with subsequent dose-dependent decrease. A statistically significant difference was observed in samples treated with 5 mM of methyl-ß-cyclodextrin (p = 0.02, Kruskal-Wallis test). The immunofluorescence assay showed lower cytoplasmic and membrane labeling intensity in the treated samples for CAV1. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate the modulation of cholesterol as a possible mechanism underlying the regulation of these molecules and activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

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The primary objective of the present study was to assess the impact of amber LED photobiomodulation (PBM) on human monocytes and lymphocytes that were polarized into proinflammatory and regulatory/reparative phenotypes. Human leukocytes were polarized with LPS or LPS + IL-4 for 2 h and irradiated after 2 and 6 h with amber LED (590 nm). Cell absorbance spectrum and gene and protein expression of IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α and IFNγ determined after 24 h. The results showed that irradiation did not significantly alter absorbance of non-polarized monocytes, whereas irradiated polarized monocytes presented reduction in absorbance in 625-850 nm region. Irradiated monocytes polarized with LPS + IL-4 presented reduction in absorbance in 600-725 nm region compared to non-irradiated group. Irradiated non-polarized lymphocytes presented absorbance peaks between 650 and 820 nm not seen in non-irradiated group. No difference was found in absorbance pattern of polarized lymphocytes after irradiation. Irradiation led to reduction in protein synthesis of IL-6 and TNFα in monocytes polarized to proinflammatory phenotype and increase in production of IL-17 in lymphocytes. Irradiation reduced production of IL-10 in monocytes and lymphocytes polarized to immunoregulatory phenotype. In conclusion, amber LED modulates light absorbance and expression of important cytokines in inflammatory/repair processes in monocytes and lymphocytes.

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Despite significant efforts to control cancer progression and to improve oncology treatment outcomes, recurrence and tumor resistance are frequently observed in cancer patients. These problems are partly related to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been developed as a therapeutic approach for solid tumors; however, it remains unclear how this therapy can affect CSCs. In this review, we focus on the effects of PDT on CSCs and the possible changes in the CSC population after PDT exposure. Tumor response to PDT varies according to the photosensitizer and light parameters employed, but most studies have reported the successful elimination of CSCs after PDT. However, some studies have reported that CSCs were more resistant to PDT than non-CSCs due to the increased efflux of photosensitizer molecules and the action of autophagy. Additionally, using different PDT approaches to target the CSCs resulted in increased sensitivity, reduction of sphere formation, invasiveness, stem cell phenotype, and improved response to chemotherapy. Lastly, although mainly limited to in vitro studies, PDT, combined with targeted therapies and/or chemotherapy, could successfully target CSCs in different solid tumors and promote the reduction of stemness, suggesting a promising therapeutic approach requiring evaluation in robust pre-clinical studies.

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PURPOSE: It has been hypothesised that secretory carcinoma of the salivary gland (SCsg) might have a lactational-like differentiation. Therefore, we aimed to assess the immunoexpression of breast hormonal receptors and milk-related proteins in cases of SCsg and other salivary gland tumours with prominent secretory activity. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry against prolactin and growth hormone receptors, lactoferrin, human milk fat globule 1, MUC 1 and MUC4 was performed in twelve cases of SCsg and 47 other salivary gland tumours. RESULTS: Most cases of SCsg were negative for prolactin and growth hormone receptors. All cases of SCsg showed enhanced membranous-cytoplasmic staining for human milk fat globule 1, a pattern seen in other tumour groups. Only SCsg showed widespread strong staining for lactoferrin, concomitantly in the cell compartment and secretion. The other positive tumour types exhibited restricted staining. MUC1 and MUC4 showed no distinct pattern of expression. CONCLUSION: Although SCsg failed to demonstrate a complete lactational-like differentiation, lactoferrin showed a distinctive expression pattern in SCsg compared to other tumour types, which makes it a good marker to help in its differential diagnosis.

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BACKGROUND: Changes in Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) expression are related to tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of CAV-1 in tumor progression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tissue samples and the effect of CAV-1 silencing on two oral tongue SCC (OTSCC) cell lines (SCC-25, from a primary tumor, and HSC-3 from lymph node metastases). METHODS: Mycroarray hybridization, mRNA expression, and immunohistochemistry were performed on OSCC tissue samples and corresponding non-tumoral margin tissues. The effects of CAV-1 silencing (siCAV-1) on cell viability, membrane fluidity, on the expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and on cell migration and invasion capacity of OTSCC cell lines were evaluated. RESULTS: Microarray showed a greater CAV-1 expression (1.77-fold) in OSCC tumors than in non-tumoral tissues and 2.0-fold more in less aggressive OSCCs. However, significant differences in CAV-1 gene expression were not seen between tumors and non-tumoral margins nor CAV-1 with any clinicopathological parameters. CAV-1 protein was localized both in carcinoma and in spindle cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and CAV-1 positive TME cells were associated with smaller/more aggressive tumors, independent of the carcinoma cells' expression. Silencing of CAV-1 increased cell viability only in SCC-25 cells. It also stimulated the invasion of HSC-3 cells and increased ECAD and BCAT mRNA in these cells; however, the protein levels of the EMT markers were not affected. CONCLUSION: Decreased expression of CAV-1 by tumor cells in OSCC and an increase in the TME were associated with increased cell invasiveness and tumor aggressiveness.

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Despite scientific advances in the Oncology field, cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Molecular and cellular heterogeneity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a significant contributor to the unpredictability of the clinical response and failure in cancer treatment. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are recognized as a subpopulation of tumor cells that can drive and maintain tumorigenesis and metastasis, leading to poor prognosis in different types of cancer. CSCs exhibit a high level of plasticity, quickly adapting to the tumor microenvironment changes, and are intrinsically resistant to current chemo and radiotherapies. The mechanisms of CSC-mediated therapy resistance are not fully understood. However, they include different strategies used by CSCs to overcome challenges imposed by treatment, such as activation of DNA repair system, anti-apoptotic mechanisms, acquisition of quiescent state and Epithelial-mesenchymal transition, increased drug efflux capacity, hypoxic environment, protection by the CSC niche, overexpression of stemness related genes, and immune surveillance. Complete elimination of CSCs seems to be the main target for achieving tumor control and improving overall survival for cancer patients. This review will focus on the multi-factorial mechanisms by which CSCs are resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in HNSCC, supporting the use of possible strategies to overcome therapy failure.

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Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a condition characterized by painful symptoms of the oral mucosa, despite the absence of any clinical signs. Its etiology is unknown, and there is still no effective treatment to date. Current evidence has shown neuropathic impairment in BMS patients. Neuropathic pain can be related to the dysfunction of voltage-gated sodium channels, considering that these receptors regulate the induction of action potentials in nociceptive neurons. This study evaluated the gene expression of voltage-gated sodium channels Na v 1.7, Na v 1.8 and Na v 1.9 in these patients. The gene expressions of these channels were assessed by real time RT-PCR analysis of fresh-frozen tongue biopsies in a case-control study composed of 12 patients with BMS, and 5 healthy control patients, proportionally matched by sex and age, and analyzed using the 2^(-Delta Delta CT) method. There was no statistically significant difference between the analyzed groups, despite the increase in Na v 1.7 (fold-change = 3.13, p = 0.52) and decrease in Na v 1.9 (fold-change = 0.45, p = 0.36) gene expression in the BMS group. The Na v 1.8 gene was not expressed in any of the samples analyzed. Although the gene expression in the voltage-gated sodium channels in BMS under study seems to be comparable with that of the normal oral mucosa, the functionality of these channels in BMS has not yet been identified, thus suggesting that further research is needed to better understand these voltage-gated sodium channels.

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BACKGROUND: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Attention has been given to the role of inflammatory cells in carcinogenesis because of the ability of cancer cells to subvert the immune response. However, little is known about how molecules from neoplastic cells interact with lymphoblasts and circulating immune cells. This study aimed to understand the mechanisms by which SCC cells modulate the immune response by analyzing the influence of conditioned medium derived from SCC cell lines on immune cells. METHODS: Lymphoblastic cells (CEM) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured in a conditioned medium derived from squamous cell carcinoma cells (SCC9 or SCC4) and analyzed for cell viability, CD4/CD8/FOXP3 profile by flow cytometry, and chemokine levels. RESULTS: Conditioned medium derived from SCC4 and SCC9 presented higher concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 than IL-1ß, IL-10, and IFN-γ. CEM and PBMCs when cultured with conditioned medium derived from SCC4 and SCC9 reduced IL-1ß, IL-8, and IFN-γ concentrations. Conditioned medium from SCC4 increased CD4+ population in both CEM and PBMCs, while in conditioned medium from SCC9 it occurred only in PBMCs. PBMCs when cultured with both conditioned mediums increased CD8+ /FOXP3+ cells. CEM cells when cultured with conditioned medium derived from SCC4 and SCC9 reduced. CONCLUSION: Collectively, our results suggest that the products derived from squamous cell carcinoma on inflammatory cells can promote an immunosuppressed environment by reducing cell viability, changing cytokine expression, and altering the cell immunoprofile.

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Abstract Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a condition characterized by painful symptoms of the oral mucosa, despite the absence of any clinical signs. Its etiology is unknown, and there is still no effective treatment to date. Current evidence has shown neuropathic impairment in BMS patients. Neuropathic pain can be related to the dysfunction of voltage-gated sodium channels, considering that these receptors regulate the induction of action potentials in nociceptive neurons. This study evaluated the gene expression of voltage-gated sodium channels Na v 1.7, Na v 1.8 and Na v 1.9 in these patients. The gene expressions of these channels were assessed by real time RT-PCR analysis of fresh-frozen tongue biopsies in a case-control study composed of 12 patients with BMS, and 5 healthy control patients, proportionally matched by sex and age, and analyzed using the 2^(-Delta Delta CT) method. There was no statistically significant difference between the analyzed groups, despite the increase in Na v 1.7 (fold-change = 3.13, p = 0.52) and decrease in Na v 1.9 (fold-change = 0.45, p = 0.36) gene expression in the BMS group. The Na v 1.8 gene was not expressed in any of the samples analyzed. Although the gene expression in the voltage-gated sodium channels in BMS under study seems to be comparable with that of the normal oral mucosa, the functionality of these channels in BMS has not yet been identified, thus suggesting that further research is needed to better understand these voltage-gated sodium channels.

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Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a benign mesenchymal neoplasm originally described in pleura with a rare presentation in the oral cavity. Herein, we report a case of a 28-year-old male patient who presented an asymptomatic slow-growing mass in the anterior part of the tongue. Intraoral examination revealed a well-circumscribed mass covered by normal mucosa with a fibrous consistency. Due to non-specific clinical findings, the initial diagnostic hypotheses include benign submucosal neoplasms such as leiomyoma, neurofibroma, SFT, and others. An excisional biopsy was performed. Microscopically, the tumor was surrounded by a thick fibrous capsule; hypo and hypercellular areas were arranged in a storiform pattern with a stroma formed by collagen and abundant vascularization. Tumor cells showed immunopositivity for CD34 and STAT-6 and no expression of CD99, AML, S-100, and Ki-67. According to these findings, the diagnosis of SFT was established. After 24 months, the patient is asymptomatic and has no evidence of recurrence. Although oral involvement is rare, SFT should be included in the differential diagnosis of oral submucosal lesions.

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BACKGROUND: Cancer is currently a major public health problem worldwide, with a marked increase of about 70% in the number of expected diagnosed cases over the next two decades. The amount of tobacco and alcohol consumed is calculated based on the subjective information provided by the user. Tobacco exposure can be assessed using the Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD) and alcohol consumption by the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight subjects answered the Fagerström, and AUDIT tests and we studied them as likely screening tools for oral cancer and their correlation with the expression of CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTP1, and GSTT1 genes by the RT-qPCR method. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the AUDIT score and CYP1A1 expression between cancer and control groups. Participants in advanced stages, whether due to tumor size or regional metastasis, showed significant differences in the duration of tobacco use, FTCD, AUDIT score, and CYP1A1 expression when compared to patients in early stages. Among subjects without cancer, we found a significant correlation between participant age and GSTP1 expression. Furthermore, the expression of GSTP1 was significantly correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked per day, duration of tobacco use, and FTCD. CONCLUSIONS: Questionnaires designed to evaluate the degree of tobacco and alcohol exposure and dependence combined with gene expression tests can be useful to assess the risk of developing oral cancer. Furthermore, raising the awareness of individuals regarding their degree of dependence and encouraging them to participate in cessation programs are important educational measures for the prevention of tobacco-related malignancies.

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BACKGROUND: Central giant cell granulomas (CGCG) of the jaws are osteolytic lesions that may behave aggressively and respond poorly to surgery. Microscopically, in addition to giant cells, there is a mononuclear cell population composed of macrophage/monocytic cells and spindle-shaped cells of mesenchymal origin. Seventy two percent of these tumours harbour mutually exclusive TRPV4, KRAS and FGFR1 mutations. We aimed to assess the mutational status of mononuclear and giant cells and the osteogenic potential of stromal cells in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS: We screened CGCG for signature mutations and used laser-capture microdissection to demonstrate that the mutations are restricted to the mononuclear cells. Additionally, we established CGCG primary cell culture and observed that the cells retained the mutations throughout passages. By flow cytometry, we observed predominance of CD14- CD51- CD61- cells, consistent with the expected profile for stromal cells. Considering the mesenchymal origin of stromal cells, we assessed the osteogenic differentiation potential of CGCG cells in culture by cytochemistry (von Kossa and alizarin red staining), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay and gene expression of osteogenic markers. CGCG cells presented self-capacity to increase ALP levels in a time-dependent manner and under osteogenic induction presented increasing number of calcium deposits, and overall higher expression of osteocalcin, RUNX2, ALPL and osteopontin than cells without osteogenic induction. A patient-derived xenograft model for CGCG was established, and osteoid material deposition was observed. CONCLUSION: Collectively, the results confirm that the signature mutations are restricted to stromal cells in CGCG, and the in vitro and in vivo results support that these cells have the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts, in line with the bone formation often observed in the stroma of these lesions.

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This narrative review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PDT in early or advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, and Embase were searched electronically following the PRISMA protocol. Quality assessment was performed according to JBI, NIH, and AMSTAR protocols. The main outcomes evaluated were treatment response, recurrence, survival, and adverse effects. A total of 49 articles met the search criteria: 43 case series, two cohort studies, two prospective before-after clinical trials, one systematic review, and one meta-analysis. Data from 2121 SCCHN patients were included. The response to PDT was variable according to the type of photosensitizer, tumor location, and tumor stage. In general, higher complete responses rated were observed in T1/T2 SCCHN, mainly with mTHPC-mediated PDT. With regard to T3/T4 or advanced SCCHN tumors, there is no compelling evidence suggesting the effectiveness of PDT. Any adverse effects reported were well tolerated by patients. The present review suggests that PDT is a promising treatment modality for early-stage SCCHN. Although there are limitations due to the low level of evidence of the included studies, we believe that the present review could help to design robust clinical trials to determine the efficacy of PDT in SCCHN.

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Este estudo explora a ocorrência do primeiro torneio intermunicipal baiano de futebol de 1921 e sua relação com a campanha para a construção do Instituto Geográfico e Histórico da Bahia (IGHB). A investigação tem por base a análise de periódicos da época e o diálogo com a bibliografia sobre o tema. A narrativa evidencia como a participação do município de Ilhéus no evento representou uma oportunidade para afirmar seu compromisso com os ideais de modernização e civilização, valorizados pela sociedade baiana da época. Também averiguou-se como essa participação contribuiu para o processo de consolidação do esporte em Ilhéus e sua aproximação com o cenário esportivo da capital do estado. (AU)

Este estudio analiza el primer torneo intermunicipal de fútbol del estado de Bahia, realizado en 1921, y su relación con la campaña para la construcción del Instituto Geográfico e Histórico de Bahia (IGHB). La investigación se basa en el análisis de publicaciones periódicas de la época y en el diálogo con la bibliografía sobre ese tema. La narrativa muestra cómo la participación del municipio de Ilhéus en el evento representó una oportunidad para reafirmar su compromiso con los ideales de modernización y civilización, valorados por la sociedad de Bahia en ese momento histórico. Se trata de conocer cómo esta participación contribuyó con el proceso de consolidación del deporte en Ilhéus y con su acercamiento al escenario deportivo de la capital del estado. (AU)

This paper discusses the relationship between the first intercity soccer tournament of the state of Bahia held in 1921, and the campaign for the construction of the Geographical and Historical Institute of Bahia (IGHB). The research is based on an analysis of periodicals of that time and on the literature related to that topic. The narrative shows how the participation of the municipality of Ilhéus in the event offered an opportunity to assert its commitment to the ideals of modernization and civilization, which were valued by Bahia's society at that time. It was also investigated how this participation contributed to the consolidation process of the sport in Ilhéus and its approximation to the sports scenario of the state capital. (AU)

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ABSTRACT Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a benign mesenchymal neoplasm originally described in pleura with a rare presentation in the oral cavity. Herein, we report a case of a 28-year-old male patient who presented an asymptomatic slow-growing mass in the anterior part of the tongue. Intraoral examination revealed a well-circumscribed mass covered by normal mucosa with a fibrous consistency. Due to non-specific clinical findings, the initial diagnostic hypotheses include benign submucosal neoplasms such as leiomyoma, neurofibroma, SFT, and others. An excisional biopsy was performed. Microscopically, the tumor was surrounded by a thick fibrous capsule; hypo and hypercellular areas were arranged in a storiform pattern with a stroma formed by collagen and abundant vascularization. Tumor cells showed immunopositivity for CD34 and STAT-6 and no expression of CD99, AML, S-100, and Ki-67. According to these findings, the diagnosis of SFT was established. After 24 months, the patient is asymptomatic and has no evidence of recurrence. Although oral involvement is rare, SFT should be included in the differential diagnosis of oral submucosal lesions.