RESUMO
Para analizar el efecto de una dieta hipocalórica moderada sobre el peso corporal, masa grasa (por ciento MG), masa libre de grasa (MLG) y el gasto energético de reposo (GER), se estudio a mujeres con sobrepeso u obesidad con índice de masa corporal (IMC)>27,5 kg/m2. Material y métodos: en 34 pacientes (18-45 años), el GER fue medido por calorimetría indirecta (Deltatrac), el porciento MG y MLG por bioimpedanciometría, y la ingesta energética (IE) por registros de 3 días alternos. En 11 de ellas se controló la IE por recordatorio de 24 hs. al 10º día de la indicación de dieta hipocalórica, y se reevaluó el gasto energético de reposo y composición corporal a las 8 semanas. Resultados: x +- ds. Al ingreso (n=34), el IMC fue de 32,2 +- 2,6, el porciento MG de 36,8 +- 4,4. La IE reportada fue de 2.18
Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Dieta Redutora , Obesidade/dietoterapiaRESUMO
Para analizar el efecto de una dieta hipocalórica moderada sobre el peso corporal, masa grasa (por ciento MG), masa libre de grasa (MLG) y el gasto energético de reposo (GER), se estudio a mujeres con sobrepeso u obesidad con índice de masa corporal (IMC)>27,5 kg/m2. Material y métodos: en 34 pacientes (18-45 años), el GER fue medido por calorimetría indirecta (Deltatrac), el porciento MG y MLG por bioimpedanciometría, y la ingesta energética (IE) por registros de 3 días alternos. En 11 de ellas se controló la IE por recordatorio de 24 hs. al 10º día de la indicación de dieta hipocalórica, y se reevaluó el gasto energético de reposo y composición corporal a las 8 semanas. Resultados: x +- ds. Al ingreso (n=34), el IMC fue de 32,2 +- 2,6, el porciento MG de 36,8 +- 4,4. La IE reportada fue de 2.184 +- 590 kcal/día (1.185 - 4.339), o de 27,5 +- 6,9 kcal/kg/día (14,45). El GER fue de 18,0 +- 1,3 kcal/kg/día y el balance energético inicial (BE), fue de + 460 +- 586 (-804 a + 2.251)...
Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dieta Redutora , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , ObesidadeRESUMO
Un gasto energético de reposo (GER) reducido y un cuociente respiratorio elevado, se han considerado como factores de riesgo de ganancia de peso a largo plazo. Con el objetivo de investigar la frecuencia de estos factores de riesgo, se estudió a 537 mujeres de entre 15 y 45 años antes de iniciar un plan de restricción alimentaria; 452 de ellas con obesidad (OB: IMC > 25) y 85 no obesas (no OB: IMC < 25). El GER y el cuociente respiratorio de ayunas (CRA) fueron medidos por calorimetría indirecta. En 106 mujeres (87 OB y 19 no OB) se midio el porcentaje de masa grasa por impedanciometría bioeléctrica (porcentaje MG). Resultados: se encontró una correlación negativa entre el IMC y CRA (r= -0,113; p < 0,01), y ninguna correlación entre el porciento MG y CRA. Al comparar 4 subgrupos según grado de obesidad (NO OB, OB grado I, II y III), a mayor grado de obesidad mayor es el GER como porcentaje del estimado por Harris y Benedict (GER/GEE por ciento = 90,9, 94,2, 95,8, y 98,5 por ciento...
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metabolismo Energético , Obesidade/metabolismoRESUMO
Un gasto energético de reposo (GER) reducido y un cuociente respiratorio elevado, se han considerado como factores de riesgo de ganancia de peso a largo plazo. Con el objetivo de investigar la frecuencia de estos factores de riesgo, se estudió a 537 mujeres de entre 15 y 45 años antes de iniciar un plan de restricción alimentaria; 452 de ellas con obesidad (OB: IMC > 25) y 85 no obesas (no OB: IMC < 25). El GER y el cuociente respiratorio de ayunas (CRA) fueron medidos por calorimetría indirecta. En 106 mujeres (87 OB y 19 no OB) se midio el porcentaje de masa grasa por impedanciometría bioeléctrica (porcentaje MG). Resultados: se encontró una correlación negativa entre el IMC y CRA (r= -0,113; p < 0,01), y ninguna correlación entre el porciento MG y CRA. Al comparar 4 subgrupos según grado de obesidad (NO OB, OB grado I, II y III), a mayor grado de obesidad mayor es el GER como porcentaje del estimado por Harris y Benedict (GER/GEE por ciento = 90,9, 94,2, 95,8, y 98,5 por ciento... (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/metabolismo , Metabolismo EnergéticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the ability of simple, rapid tests to identify HIV-1 antibody-positive specimens in field settings using the World Health Organization's (WHO) alternative testing strategies. DESIGN: Three-phase evaluation of simple, rapid assays using banked specimens and prospectively collected serum specimens at regional hospitals and rural clinics. METHODS: Seven test (Retrocell, Genie, HIVCHEK, SUDS HIV-1, Testpack, Serodia HIV-1, and HIV-1/2 RTD) were evaluated and results compared with standard enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and Western blot results (phase 1). Further evaluation consisted of prospective testing of routine specimens at regional (phase 2; n = 900) and rural, peripheral laboratories (phase 3; n = 1266) throughout Honduras with selected assays. RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each assay and combination of assays for each phase to evaluate the effectiveness of the WHO alternative testing strategies. All tests in all phases were > 99% sensitive after correcting for technical errors, with two exceptions (SUDS, phase 1; HIVCHEK, phase 3). In phase 3, where the testing algorithm was diagnostic, several combinations of assays were 100% sensitive and specific using WHO strategy II or III. For the Honduras Ministry of Health, the combination of Retrocell and Genie was found to be equally sensitive, more specific (no indeterminate results), and less expensive than EIA/Western blot. CONCLUSION: Combinations of rapid, simple HIV antibody assays provide sensitivity and specificity performance comparable to EIA/Western blot. Application of these combinations in the WHO alternative testing strategies provides an inexpensive and effective method of determining HIV status. Assay combinations using these strategies can be easily performed in small, rural laboratories and have been implemented in routine HIV screening in Honduras.
PIP: In 1992, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced 3 HIV testing algorithms designed to provide rapid, accurate results equivalent to those obtained by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and Western blot but at reduced costs. The capability of the WHO strategy to identify HIV-1 antibodies in field settings was evaluated at regional hospitals and rural clinics in Honduras. In the study's first phase, the results of 7 tests (Retrocell, Genie, HIVCHEK, SUDS HIV-1, Testpack, Serodia HIV-1, and HIV-1/2 RTD) were compared with results for 600 sera previously tested by EIA and Western blot. Phase 2 entailed prospective testing of 900 routine specimens at regional laboratories, while phase 3 screened 1266 specimens at rural, peripheral laboratories. In the first phase of the analysis, 5 assays had a sensitivity of 100%; the remaining 2 were 99.7% and 99.3% sensitive and specificities ranged from 92.8 to 100%. In field settings, sensitivities ranged from 96.4 to 99.3%. Moreover, in the third phase, several combinations of tests were 100% sensitive or specific when the WHO strategy of basing the choice of assay on the purpose of the screening (seroprevalence studies, screening of blood, or patient diagnosis) was employed. The combination of Retrocell and Genie was found to be equally sensitive, more specific, and less expensive than EIA or Western blot.
Assuntos
Sorodiagnóstico da AIDS/métodos , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , HIV-1 , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/análise , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , HIV-1/imunologia , Honduras/epidemiologia , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Programas de Rastreamento , Kit de Reagentes para Diagnóstico , Organização Mundial da SaúdeRESUMO
The presence of antibodies against spermatozoids was evaluated in one person with AIDS and six homosexuals (HS). Indirect immunofluorescence was utilized along with immunoenzymatic trial with peroxidase (ELISA) in order to detect antibodies class IgG towards spermatozoids and their membrane proteins. Optic densities of the following groups of patients were compared: 1) One patient with AIDS. 2) Six homosexuals (HS). 3) Three HS with cells OKT8 greater than 30%. 4) Three HS with cells OKT8 less than 30%. 5) Three men with auto-antibodies against spermatozoids + infertility. 6) Two men without auto-antibodies against spermatozoids + infertility. 7) Five women, spouses of the infertile men. 8) Five multiparous with more than 3 pregnancies. 9) One man with orchitis. 10) Ten fertile and healthy (C.G.) heterosexual persons. The patient with AIDS and the one with orchitis had the highest optic densities (OD), (groups 1 and 9). Groups 8 and 10 had the lowest, non-significant values. Groups 2, 5 and 7 ranked second in place in reference to O.D. Groups 3, 4 and 6 ranked third in O.D. values. Groups 8 and 10 differed significantly at P less than 0.005 compared with the others. The presence of antibodies against spermatozoids was considered as an important factor associated with AIDS and previous states of the AIDS detected by OKT8 greater than 30% of lymphocytes. The IIF and ELISA were able to detect antigenic system in spermatozoids with allelic form, which may be similar to the mice locus t, or a new tissue specific system.