RESUMO
This article examines the importance of travel and professional networks in the origins of Spanish psychiatry. After reviewing the early alienists' Enlightenment predecessors and their therapeutic and professional trajectories, it describes the trips to foreign psychiatric institutions made during the second third of the nineteenth century by a group of exiled Spanish doctors, commissioners and pioneers. Later, as they became more socially, institutionally and professionally established, some figures of Spanish psychological medicine cultivated their connections and international profile by organizing or attending conferences and other scientific events. This case illustrates the important role of international relations and scientific and professional networks in the spread of psychiatric discourses and practices.
Assuntos
Cooperação Internacional/história , Relações Interprofissionais , Psiquiatria/história , Viagem/história , História do Século XIX , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/história , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Médicos/história , Psiquiatria/educação , EspanhaRESUMO
Resumen Este artículo examina la importancia de los viajes y las redes profesionales en los orígenes de la psiquiatría en España. Tras una revisión de los antecedentes ilustrados y los periplos terapéuticos y profesionales en el primer alienismo, se describen los desplazamientos a instituciones psiquiátricas extranjeras, durante el segundo tercio del siglo XIX, de un grupo de médicos exiliados, comisionados y pioneros españoles. Posteriormente, con su afianzamiento social, institucional y profesional, algunas figuras de la medicina mental española estrecharon sus vínculos y su proyección internacional organizando o asistiendo a congresos y otros eventos científicos. Su caso ilustra así el importante papel desempeñado por las relaciones internacionales y las redes científicas y profesionales en la difusión de los discursos y prácticas psiquiátricas.
Abstract This article examines the importance of travel and professional networks in the origins of Spanish psychiatry. After reviewing the early alienists’ Enlightenment predecessors and their therapeutic and professional trajectories, it describes the trips to foreign psychiatric institutions made during the second third of the nineteenth century by a group of exiled Spanish doctors, commissioners and pioneers. Later, as they became more socially, institutionally and professionally established, some figures of Spanish psychological medicine cultivated their connections and international profile by organizing or attending conferences and other scientific events. This case illustrates the important role of international relations and scientific and professional networks in the spread of psychiatric discourses and practices.
Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XIX , Cooperação Internacional/história , Relações Interprofissionais , Psiquiatria/história , Viagem/história , Transtornos Mentais/história , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Médicos/história , Psiquiatria/educação , EspanhaRESUMO
This article reviews the project of capturing, describing and cataloging subjective experiences as the constitutive and founding event of psychiatric knowledge. To substantiate this view, it provides first a look at the origins (and problems) of psychiatric semiology in the pioneering work of Philippe Pinel. Afterwards, it describes some of the resources used by his successors in order to gain access to the madman's inner world, expose the folds of his intimacy and enhance the scope of the psychopathological gaze and the semiological repertoire of psychological medicine. And finally it discusses the contraposition between the practice of the gaze and the practice of listening carried out by psychiatrists as a significant correlate of an epistemic culture obsessed with gaze, but whose very eagerness to take the human being as an object of inquiry in its double physical and moral condition doomed it to cultivate listening.
Assuntos
Psiquiatria , Autoavaliação Diagnóstica , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/diagnósticoRESUMO
Partiendo de un análisis de las profundas transformaciones sociales y culturales que justifican lo que se describe como la nueva subjetividad expresiva propia de la modernidad tardía, el presente ensayo trata de mostrar su afinidad constitutiva con la patología de la identidad que numerosos autores consideran central no solo en el síndrome borderline o narcisista, sino también en buena parte de los trastornos mentales más frecuentes y representativos de nuestro tiempo.
A partir de uma análise das profundas mudanças sociais e culturais que fundamentam o que veio a ser descrito como a nova subjetividade expressiva da modernidade tardia, este ensaio tenta mostrar sua afinidade constitutiva com a patologia da identidade que muitos autores consideram central não só na síndrome de borderline ou narcisista, mas em muitos dos transtornos mentais mais comuns e representativos do nosso tempo.
Based on an analysis of the profound social and cultural changes that underlie what has been described as the new expressive subjectivity of late modernity, this essay tries to show its constitutive affinity with the pathology of identity that many authors consider as a central feature not only of the borderline or narcissistic syndrome, but also of many of the most common and representative mental disorders of our time.
À partir de lanalyse des changements sociaux et culturels profonds qui sous-tendent ce qu'on appelle la nouvelle subjectivité expressive de la modernité tardive, cet essai montre son affinité constitutive avec la pathologie de lidentité que de nombreux auteurs considèrent centrale non seulement dans le syndrome borderline ou narcissique, mais aussi dans les troubles mentaux plus communs et représentatifs de notre époque.
Assuntos
Humanos , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline , Individualidade , NarcisismoRESUMO
Partiendo de un análisis de las profundas transformaciones sociales y culturales que justifican lo que se describe como la nueva subjetividad expresiva propia de la modernidad tardía, el presente ensayo trata de mostrar su afinidad constitutiva con la patología de la identidad que numerosos autores consideran central no solo en el síndrome borderline o narcisista, sino también en buena parte de los trastornos mentales más frecuentes y representativos de nuestro tiempo.(AU)
A partir de uma análise das profundas mudanças sociais e culturais que fundamentam o que veio a ser descrito como a nova subjetividade expressiva da modernidade tardia, este ensaio tenta mostrar sua afinidade constitutiva com a patologia da identidade que muitos autores consideram central não só na síndrome de borderline ou narcisista, mas em muitos dos transtornos mentais mais comuns e representativos do nosso tempo.(AU)
Based on an analysis of the profound social and cultural changes that underlie what has been described as the new expressive subjectivity of late modernity, this essay tries to show its constitutive affinity with the pathology of identity that many authors consider as a central feature not only of the borderline or narcissistic syndrome, but also of many of the most common and representative mental disorders of our time.(AU)
À partir de lanalyse des changements sociaux et culturels profonds qui sous-tendent ce qu'on appelle la nouvelle subjectivité expressive de la modernité tardive, cet essai montre son affinité constitutive avec la pathologie de lidentité que de nombreux auteurs considèrent centrale non seulement dans le syndrome borderline ou narcissique, mais aussi dans les troubles mentaux plus communs et représentatifs de notre époque.(AU)