RESUMO
UNLABELLED: Sickle cell anemia is still a significant public health issue in underdeveloped and developing countries. Sickle cell disease is one of the most common inherited diseases in Brazil. It affects mainly the mixed race population. Approximately 1 African-Brazilian child is affected with sickle cell disease for every 37,400 children born alive. Hearing loss has been considered one of the main clinical manifestations, especially in children. However, to date, there are just a hand full of studies in Brazil and the Brazilian state of Bahia has the largest African-descended population, attempting to establish the frequency of this event. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the major studies associated with the subject, published in the last twenty years in the main indexed databases. METHODS: To use MEDLINE to identify the main papers published in English in medical literature, between January of 1989 and January of 2009; associating sickle cell anemia and hearing loss, with its clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION: Given that it is always possible to attempt to prevent disabilities, understanding hearing loss in children with sickle cell anemia enables to maximize quality of life and provides for a broader school attendance.
Assuntos
Anemia Falciforme/complicações , Perda Auditiva/etiologia , Adolescente , Criança , HumanosRESUMO
Bacterial meningitis is still a major public health threat inside developing countries. In Brazil, the Department of Public Health estimates that the prevalence of bacterial meningitis is 22 cases per 100,000 persons. During the neonatal period, the bacterial meningitis develops special characteristics that can result in hearing problems and movement loss due to neurological and psychological damages. This study had the aim to analyze the prevalence of bacterial meningitis and sepsis in newborns during the pregnancy period for those using the public health care system in Salvador-Bahia. One of the goal was to describe the risk factors of bacterial meningitis and sepsis in newborns. A second goal was to identify, based on newborn health records, the difficulties to predict issues with the hearing, neurological and psychological problems. This study has a cross-sectional design. The newborns that were included in this study had bacterial meningitis or sepsis within 0-28 days of life. They were admitted in the maternity wards between June-December 2005 at the newborn intensive unit care. We analyzed 72 reports of newborns and only 11 (17%) were bacterial meningitis or sepsis newborn cases. These cases were associated to high intake of ototoxic drugs that can cause oto and nephrotoxicity, and cause serious sequels on the child development. Nervous system infection is one of the 2 major problems in clinical practice, especially during the first month after birth. During this first month, the nervous system infection develops special characteristics, which are different from regular symptoms and it requires treatment due to the increased risk to develop complications. It is strongly recommended to monitor ototoxic drugs use to prevent effects on the hearing system.
Assuntos
Meningites Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Sepse/epidemiologia , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Idade Materna , Meningites Bacterianas/complicações , Meningites Bacterianas/etiologia , Gravidez , Prevalência , Setor Público , Sepse/complicações , Sepse/etiologiaRESUMO
Bacterial meningitis is still a major public health threat inside developing countries. In Brazil, the Department of Public Health estimates that the prevalence of bacterial meningitis is 22 cases per 100,000 persons. During the neonatal period, the bacterial meningitis develops special characteristics that can result in hearing problems and movement loss due to neurological and psychological damages. This study had the aim to analyze the prevalence of bacterial meningitis and sepsis in newborns during the pregnancy period for those using the public health care system in Salvador-Bahia. One of the goal was to describe the risk factors of bacterial meningitis and sepsis in newborns. A second goal was to identify, based on newborn health records, the difficulties to predict issues with the hearing, neurological and psychological problems. This study has a cross-sectional design. The newborns that were included in this study had bacterial meningitis or sepsis within 0-28 days of life. They were admitted in the maternity wards between June-December 2005 at the newborn intensive unit care. We analyzed 72 reports of newborns and only 11 (17 percent) were bacterial meningitis or sepsis newborn cases. These cases were associated to high intake of ototoxic drugs that can cause oto and nephrotoxicity, and cause serious sequels on the child development. Nervous system infection is one of the 2 major problems in clinical practice, especially during the first month after birth. During this first month, the nervous system infection develops special characteristics, which are different from regular symptoms and it requires treatment due to the increased risk to develop complications. It is strongly recommended to monitor ototoxic drugs use to prevent effects on the hearing system.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez , Meningites Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Sepse/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Idade Materna , Meningites Bacterianas/complicações , Meningites Bacterianas/etiologia , Prevalência , Setor Público , Sepse/complicações , Sepse/etiologiaRESUMO
Os estudos sobre os danos auditivos à saúde de trabalhadores têm sido quase que exclusivamente voltados para os riscos de exposições ao ruído. O progresso nas diversas áreas do conhecimento humano vem criando cada vez mais uma sociedade ruidosa. A chamada poluição sonora é a mais difundida forma de poluição no mundo moderno. O ruído é considerado como o mais freqënte entre os agentes nocivos à saúde, nos ambientes de trabalho. Admite-se que, apesar de estar se tornando um problema crescente, o reconhecimento da perda auditiva induzida pelo ruído não é universal. O ruído é, ainda, caracterizado como o fator mais prevalente na origem de doenças ocupacionais e também como o agente físico nocivo à saúde mais comum nos ambientes de trabalho. Todos estamos sujeitos à exposição a sons potencialmente nocivos ao aparelho auditivo no dia-a-dia, sendo aceito que a perda auditiva induzida pelo ruído seja a maior causa isolada de perda auditiva factível de prevenção. O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal fundamentar ações em relação à conservação auditiva do trabalhador público dentro de sua própria função. A Saúde Auditiva é uma forma de prevenir, cuidar, zelar e tratar da audição. Esse estudo se caracteriza como o primeiro passo para a implantação de um programa de Saúde Auditiva na região do Cabula, Salvador-Bahia. Constatou-se que dentre os servidores da Universidade, das mais diversas funções, existe 77,5por cento de indivíduos considerados de risco para perda auditiva, ou seja com alguma probabilidade de terem um comportamento auditivo. A partir dos resultados foi elaborada uma cartilha educativa, além do encaminhamento do servidor para os serviços de diagnóstico audiológico disponíveis na comunidade.