RESUMO
Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototype of systemic autoimmune disease with clinical characteristics that show geographic variations. However, these differences between regions have not been fully described; therefore, the objective of this study is to describe the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of Cuban patients with SLE. Patients and methods: 149 patients with SLE and 151 with other systemic autoimmune diseases were studied. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics according on the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology of 1997 were identified. To evaluate the associations between clinical manifestations and SLE, a logistic regression analysis was performed; the odds ratio (OR) was calculated with its corresponding 95% confidence interval and the method of multiple correspondence analysis was also used. By an analysis of the configurations of frequency the typical combinations of criteria related to the patients with SLE were identified. Results: The most frequent criteria in SLE were immunological disorders (85.2%). ANA positive (85.2%) arthritis (78.5%), photosensitivity (77.2%), and malar rash (61%). The renal involvement and immunological disorders criteria were the best (highest OR) at discriminating SLE patients. The combination of only three criteria (malar rash, positive ANA, and immunological disorder) could be enough to classify a homogeneous population. Conclusions: This study enabled us to determine the main clinical characteristics of patients with SLE in Cuba. This information could be useful to improve the efficiency of SLE diagnosis and facilitate more specific treatments.
Introducción: El lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) es el prototipo de enfermedad autoinmune sistémica, con características clínicas que muestran variaciones geográficas. Sin embargo, estas diferencias entre regiones no están completamente descritas, por lo cual, el objetivo de este trabajo es describir las características clínicas y sociodemográficas de pacientes cubanos con LES. Pacientes y métodos: Se hizo un estudio con 149 pacientes con LES y 151 con otras enfermedades autoinmunes sistêmicas. Se identificaron sus características sociodemográficas y clínicas, basadas principalmente en los criterios del Colegio Americano de Reumatología de 1997. Para evaluar las asociaciones entre las manifestaciones clínicas y el LES se llevó a cabo un análisis de regresión logística, se calculó la odds ratio, con su correspondiente intervalo de confianza al 95%, y se empleó la técnica de análisis de correspondencia múltiple. Mediante un análisis frecuencial de las configuraciones, se identificaron las combinaciones típicas de criterios relacionadas con los pacientes con LES. Resultados: Los criterios más frecuentes en el LES fueron: alteraciones inmunológicas (85,2%), ANA positivo (85,2%), artritis (78,5%), fotosensibilidad (77,2%) y rash malar (61%). Los criterios afección renal y alteraciones inmunológicas son los que mejor (mayor valor de la odds ratio) discriminan a los pacientes con LES. La combinación de solamente tres criterios (rash malar, ANA positivo y alteraciones inmunológicas) podría ser suficiente para clasificar a una población homogénea. Conclusiones: El estudio permitió conocer las principales características clínicas de pacientes con LES en Cuba. Esta información puede ser útil para mejorar la eficacia del diagnóstico del LES y favorecer la aplicación de tratamientos más específicos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças da Pele e do Tecido Conjuntivo , Doenças do Tecido Conjuntivo , Lúpus Eritematoso SistêmicoRESUMO
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of complex multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by a wide and variable set of neuropsychiatric symptoms, including deficits in social communication, narrow and restricted interests, and repetitive behavior. The immune hypothesis is considered to be a major factor contributing to autism pathogenesis, as well as a way to explain the differences of the clinical phenotypes and comorbidities influencing disease course and severity. Evidence highlights a link between immune dysfunction and behavioral traits in autism from several types of evidence found in both cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood and their utility to identify autistic subgroups with specific immunophenotypes; underlying behavioral symptoms are also shown. This review summarizes current insights into immune dysfunction in ASD, with particular reference to the impact of immunological factors related to the maternal influence of autism development; comorbidities influencing autism disease course and severity; and others factors with particular relevance, including obesity. Finally, we described main elements of similarities between immunopathology overlapping neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, taking as examples autism and Parkinson Disease, respectively.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Transtorno Autístico , Doenças do Sistema Imunitário , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/etiologia , Transtorno Autístico/complicações , Humanos , Doenças do Sistema Imunitário/complicações , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento/complicaçõesRESUMO
Evolving data show a variable expression of clinical neurological manifestations in patients suffering with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from early disease onset. The most frequent symptoms and signs are fatigue, dizziness, impaired consciousness, ageusia, anosmia, radicular pain, and headache, as well as others. Based on the high number of series of cases reported, there is evidence for the implication of the immune system in the pathological mechanism of COVID-19. Although the exact role of the immunological mechanism is not elucidated, two main mechanisms are suggested which implicate the direct effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in the central nervous system and neuroinflammation. In the context of neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19, neuropsychiatric disorders show an exacerbation and are described by symptoms and signs such as depression, anxiety, mood alterations, psychosis, post-traumatic stress disorder, delirium, and cognitive impairment, which appear to be common in COVID-19 survivors. A worsened score on psychopathological measures is seen in those with a history of psychiatric comorbidities. We review the neuropsychiatric manifestations associated with COVID-19 and some critical aspects of the innate and adaptive immune system involved in mental health disorders occurring in COVID-19.
RESUMO
This study evaluates the contribution of peripheral biomarkers to comorbidities and clinical findings in autism. Seventeen autistic children and age-matched typically developing (AMTD), between three to nine years old were evaluated. The diagnostic followed the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Edition (DMS-IV) and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was applied to classify the severity. Cytokine profile was evaluated in plasma using a sandwich type ELISA. Paraclinical events included electroencephalography (EEG) record. Statistical analysis was done to explore significant differences in cytokine profile between autism and AMTD groups and respect clinical and paraclinical parameters. Significant differences were found to IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-17, IL-12p40, and IL-12p70 cytokines in individuals with autism compared with AMTD (p < 0.05). All autistic patients showed interictalepileptiform activity at EEG, however, only 37.5% suffered epilepsy. There was not a regional focalization of the abnormalities that were detectable with EEG in autistic patients with history of epilepsy. A higher IL-6 level was observed in patients without history of epilepsy with interictalepileptiform activity in the frontal brain region, p < 0.05. In conclusion, peripheral inflammatory markers might be useful as potential biomarkers to predict comorbidities in autism as well as reinforce and aid informed decision-making related to EEG findings in children with Autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
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Desde hace varias décadas el ensayo Cometa, o electroforesis alcalina de células individuales, se ha convertido en un método establecido para el estudio del daño de ácido desoxirribonucleico, con múltiples aplicaciones en ensayos de genotoxicidad, estudios de biomonitoreo en humanos, epidemiologia molecular y ecotoxicología; así como una herramienta fundamental para investigaciones sobre daño y reparación del ácido desoxirribonucleico. Este ensayo se distinguió por su simplicidad, sensibilidad, versatilidad, rapidez y economía. Es una poderosa técnica que se basa en la visualización microscópica de las imágenes del ácido desoxirribonucleico después que las células son embebidas en agarosa, lisadas y sometidas a una electroforesis alcalina. Esta metodología básica ha sido ampliada, y permite ahora, detectar con alta sensibilidad una gran variedad de daños del ácido desoxirribonucleico en cualquier tipo de células. La inclusión en este ensayo, de enzimas capaces de producir lesiones específicas en la hebra de ácido desoxirribonucleico, ha incrementado su rango de detección y sensibilidad. Pero es importante tener claro que su especificidad no es absoluta. El propósito es destacar algunos aspectos útiles de este método y sus ventajas; describir la experiencia en algunos aspectos técnicos del proceder, normalizado según las condiciones del laboratorio en el instituto para ampliar su utilización en el país.
For several decades now the comet assay (single cell gel electrophoresis assay) has been the method used for the study of deoxyribonucleic acid damage, with multiple applications in genotoxicity assays, biomonitoring studies in humans, molecular epidemiology and ecotoxicology, and a fundamental tool for research into deoxyribonucleic acid damage and repair. The comet assay has stood out for its simplicity, sensitivity, versatility, rapidity and economy. It is a powerful technique based on microscopic visualization of deoxyribonucleic acid images after the cells have been embedded in agarose, lysed and subjected to alkaline electrophoresis. This basic methodology has been broadened, and may now detect with great sensitivity a large variety of deoxyribonucleic acid damage in any type of cell. Inclusion in the assay of enzymes capable of producing specific lesions on the deoxyribonucleic strand has broadened its detection range and sensitivity. However, it is important to bear in mind that its specificity is not absolute. The purpose of the present study is to point out some useful aspects and advantages of the method, and describe the experience with some technical aspects of the procedure, standardized in keeping with the conditions in the laboratory at the institute to extend its use in the country.
Assuntos
Humanos , DNA/genética , Ensaio Cometa/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) was first reported in Cuba in 1965. The most frequent appearance is observed in the first six months of the year. OBJECTIVE: To determine the seasonal distribution and evolving forms of MS patients diagnosed with the disease between April 2004 and November 2007. METHOD: Twenty-one patients with suspected MS and 42 outbreaks were studied. Patients were classified according to Lublin and Revingold's criteria for clinical forms and according to McDonald. RESULTS: Most patients were classified in outbreak and remission and only two patients classified as primary-progressive multiple sclerosis. The higher number of outbreaks occurred in the first two quarters of the year. CONCLUSION: It is recommended to study further weather variables that may be related to the emergence of these outbreaks in our environment.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Esclerose Múltipla Crônica Progressiva/epidemiologia , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/epidemiologia , Estações do Ano , Cuba/epidemiologia , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) was first reported in Cuba in 1965. The most frequent appearance is observed in the first six months of the year. OBJECTIVE: To determine the seasonal distribution and evolving forms of MS patients diagnosed with the disease between April 2004 and November 2007. METHOD: Twenty-one patients with suspected MS and 42 outbreaks were studied. Patients were classified according to Lublin and Revingold's criteria for clinical forms and according to McDonald. RESULTS: Most patients were classified in outbreak and remission and only two patients classified as primary-progressive multiple sclerosis. The higher number of outbreaks occurred in the first two quarters of the year. CONCLUSION: It is recommended to study further weather variables that may be related to the emergence of these outbreaks in our environment.
INTRODUCCIÓN: La esclerosis múltiple (EM) fue reportada en Cuba por primera vez en 1965. Se ha venido observando la aparición más frecuente en los primeros seis meses del año. OBJETIVO: Determinar la distribución estacional y formas evolutivas de EM en pacientes con diagnóstico de esta enfermedad entre abril 2004 y noviembre 2007. MÉTODO: Se estudiaron 21 pacientes con sospecha de EM y un total de 42 brotes. Los pacientes fueron clasificados según los criterios de Lublin y Revingold para las formas evolutivas y según los criterios de McDonald. RESULTADOS: Solo dos pacientes clasificaron en la forma evolutiva progresiva primaria; los primeros dos trimestres del año fueron los de mayor número de brotes. CONCLUSIÓN: Se recomienda profundizar en las variables climatológicas que pudieran tener vínculo con la aparición de estos brotes en nuestro medio.
Assuntos
Humanos , Surtos de Doenças , Esclerose Múltipla Crônica Progressiva/epidemiologia , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/epidemiologia , Estações do Ano , Cuba/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The intercellular adhesion molecule is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) from normal control children as well as from children with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), with Coxsackie A9 virus meningoencephalitis and with Streptococcus pneumoniae meningoencephalitis were studied. sICAM-1 was quantified using an immunoenzimatic assay and albumin using the immunodiffusion technique in both biological fluids. Increased sICAM-1 values in CSF in patients with GBS correspond to an increase of the albumin CSF/serum quotient. In contrast, in inflammatory diseases like S. pneumoniae and Coxsackie A9 virus meningoencephalitis an increased brain-derived fraction was observed. In particular cases these values are 60-65% and 70-75% respectively. The results indicate an additional synthesis of sICAM-1 in subarachnoidal space during central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory process. An important role of sICAM-1 in the transmigration of different cell types into CSF during CNS inflammation in children with S. pneumoniae and Coxsackie A9 meningoencephalitis may be suggested.
Assuntos
Infecções por Coxsackievirus/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Enterovirus Humano B , Síndrome de Guillain-Barré/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Meningoencefalite/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Infecções Pneumocócicas/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Barreira Hematoencefálica/fisiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Infecções por Coxsackievirus/imunologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Síndrome de Guillain-Barré/imunologia , Humanos , Imunodifusão , Isotipos de Imunoglobulinas/biossíntese , Isotipos de Imunoglobulinas/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular/biossíntese , Masculino , Meningoencefalite/imunologia , Meningoencefalite/microbiologia , Infecções Pneumocócicas/imunologia , Infecções Pneumocócicas/microbiologia , Albumina Sérica/líquido cefalorraquidianoAssuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais , Isotipos de Imunoglobulinas , Febre do Nilo Ocidental , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Barreira Hematoencefálica , Cuba , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Humanos , Imunoglobulina A/sangue , Imunoglobulina A/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Isotipos de Imunoglobulinas/sangue , Isotipos de Imunoglobulinas/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/sangue , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/líquido cefalorraquidianoRESUMO
The intercellular adhesion molecule is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) from normal control children as well as from children with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), with Coxsackie A9 virus meningoencephalitis and with Streptococcus pneumoniae meningoencephalitis were studied. sICAM-1 was quantified using an immunoenzimatic assay and albumin using the immunodiffusion technique in both biological fluids. Increased sICAM-1 values in CSF in patients with GBS correspond to an increase of the albumin CSF/serum quotient. In contrast, in inflammatory diseases like S. pneumoniae and Coxsackie A9 virus meningoencephalitis an increased brain-derived fraction was observed. In particular cases these values are 60-65 percent and 70-75 percent respectively. The results indicate an additional synthesis of sICAM-1 in subarachnoidal space during central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory process. An important role of sICAM-1 in the transmigration of different cell types into CSF during CNS inflammation in children with S. pneumoniae and Coxsackie A9 meningoencephalitis may be suggested.
La molécula de adhesión intercelular es una glicoproteína que pertenece a la superfamilia de las inmunoglobulinas. Se estudiaron los niveles de molécula de adhesión intercelular tipo 1 soluble (sICAM-1) en suero y líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) de niños con meningoencefalitis por Streptococcus pneumoniae y por Coxsackie A9 al igual que en niños con sindrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB). sICAM-1 fue cuantificado por ensayo inmunoenzimático y la albúmina por inmunodifusión en ambos líquidos biológicos. Los valores incrementados de sICAM-1 en LCR en los pacientes con GBS corresponden a valores aumentados de razón LCR/suero de albúmina. En contraste, en las enfermedades inflamatorias como las meningoencefalitis por S. pneumoniae y por Coxsackie A9 se observa un incremento en la fracción derivada del cerebro. En casos particulares los valores se incrementan hasta un 60-65 por ciento y 70-75 por ciento respectivamente. Los resultados indican una síntesis adicional de sICAM-1 en el espacio subaracnoideo durante el proceso inflamatorio del sistema nervioso central (SNC). Esto puede sugerir un importante papel del sICAM-1 en la transmigración de diferentes tipos celulares en el LCR durante la inflamación del SNC en niños con meningoencefalitis por S pneumoniae y coxsackie A9.
Assuntos
Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Masculino , Infecções por Coxsackievirus/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Enterovirus Humano B , Síndrome de Guillain-Barré/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Meningoencefalite/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Infecções Pneumocócicas/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Barreira Hematoencefálica/fisiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Infecções por Coxsackievirus/imunologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Síndrome de Guillain-Barré/imunologia , Imunodifusão , Isotipos de Imunoglobulinas/biossíntese , Isotipos de Imunoglobulinas/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular/biossíntese , Meningoencefalite/imunologia , Meningoencefalite/microbiologia , Infecções Pneumocócicas/imunologia , Infecções Pneumocócicas/microbiologia , Albumina Sérica/líquido cefalorraquidianoAssuntos
Humanos , Anticorpos Antivirais , Isotipos de Imunoglobulinas , Febre do Nilo Ocidental , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Barreira Hematoencefálica , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Cuba , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Imunoglobulina A/sangue , Imunoglobulina A/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Isotipos de Imunoglobulinas/sangue , Isotipos de Imunoglobulinas/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/sangue , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/líquido cefalorraquidianoRESUMO
OBJETIVO: lograr la vinculación de la docencia y la investigación en la asignatura Inmunología para los estudiantes de Tecnología de la Salud. MÉTODOS: se establecieron actividades prácticas de Inmunología en el Laboratorio Central de Líquido Cefalorraquídeo para todos los alumnos de cuarto año de la carrera de esta especialidad y modalidad. La actividad práctica incluyó la realización de diversas técnicas. Además, se orientó a los interesados en hacer un trabajo de investigación con temas de neuroinmunología a partir de pacientes con determinadas enfermedades en los hospitales de procedencia de los estudiantes como examen final de la asignatura. RESULTADOS: el respaldo a esta forma fue unánime con resultados altamente satisfactorios. La evaluación fue la presentación oral y por escrito de los trabajos finales. De los 10 trabajos presentados, 6 obtuvieron la máxima calificación y 4 fueron recomendados para ser presentados en la Jornada Científica Estudiantil de la facultad. CONCLUSIONES: los resultados confirman lo beneficioso que resulta vincular la teoría con la práctica y las actividades de investigación en la docencia de esta especialidad y modalidad.
OBJECTIVE: to attain the link between teaching and research in the Immunology subject for students of Health Technology. METHODS: practical activities of Immunology were established in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Central Lab for all the 4th-year students of the career of this specialty and modality. The practical activity included the use of various techniques. The interested were advised to make a research paper on neuroimmunology topics based on the patients suffering specific diseases at the same hospitals of the students as a final test of the subject. RESULTS: the support to this strategy was unanimous with highly satisfactory results. The evaluation consisted in the oral and writing presentation of the final papers. Of the 10 papers presented, 6 have the highest qualification, and 4 were recommended to be presented in the Student's Scientific Meeting of faculty. CONCLUSIONS: the results confirmed the convenience of linking theory with practice and with the research activities in the teaching of this specialty and modality.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Alergia e Imunologia/educação , Estudantes de Saúde Pública , Pesquisa/educaçãoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory and progressive disease of the central nervous system in which local inflammatory injuries of the brain white matter appears, being the most outstanding feature the myeline loss (demyelination). OBJECTIVE: To determine if the complement system might be involved in the MS immunopathogeny favouring the mechanism intervening in the myelin destruction. METHOD: Samples of sera and CSF from twelve patients with a diagnosis of MS obtained at the moment of the admission to the hospital at the beginning of the break out, were collected. Levels of C3c and albumin in sera and in CSF were quantified using radial immunodiffusion plates. RESULTS: High values over 80% of intrathecal synthesis were obtained except in one of the patients. CONCLUSION: Intrathecal synthesis of C3c and its liberation to the CSF means that the activation of the complement system in any of the two ways has taken place, and that once performed its biological functions, has suffered a degradation process.
Assuntos
Albuminas/análise , Complemento C3c/análise , Esclerose Múltipla/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Bainha de Mielina/patologia , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Ativação do Complemento , Feminino , Humanos , Imunodifusão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esclerose Múltipla/sangue , Esclerose Múltipla/patologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory and progressive disease of the central nervous system in which local inflammatory injuries of the brain white matter appears, being the most outstanding feature the myeline loss (demyelination). OBJECTIVE: To determine if the complement system might be involved in the MS immunopathogeny favouring the mechanism intervening in the myelin destruction. METHOD: Samples of sera and CSF from twelve patients with a diagnosis of MS obtained at the moment of the admission to the hospital at the beginning of the break out, were collected. Levels of C3c and albumin in sera and in CSF were quantified using radial immunodiffusion plates. RESULTS: High values over 80 percent of intrathecal synthesis were obtained except in one of the patients. CONCLUSION: Intrathecal synthesis of C3c and its liberation to the CSF means that the activation of the complement system in any of the two ways has taken place, and that once performed its biological functions, has suffered a degradation process.
INTRODUCCION: La esclerosis múltiple (EM) es una enfermedad crónica, inflamatoria y progresiva del sistema nervioso central que cursa con la aparición de lesiones inflamatorias focales en la sustancia blanca cerebral, en las que lo más llamativo es la pérdida de mielina (desmielinización). OBJETIVO: Conocer si el sistema de complemento puede estar involucrado en la inmunopatogenia de la EM favoreciendo los mecanismos que median la destrucción de la mielina. MÉTODO: Se colectaron muestras de suero y LCR de doce pacientes con diagnóstico de EM obtenidas en el momento del ingreso al inicio del brote. Se cuantificaron los niveles de C3c y albúmina en suero y en LCR en placas de inmunodifusión radial. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron altos valores que superan el 80 por ciento de síntesis intratecal, menos en uno de los pacientes. CONCLUSION: La síntesis intratecal de C3c y su liberación al LCR significa que ha sucedido la activación del sistema de complemento en alguna de las dos vías y que una vez cumplidas sus funciones biológicas, ha sufrido un proceso de degradación y liberación al LCR en forma de C3c.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Albuminas/análise , /análise , Esclerose Múltipla/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Bainha de Mielina/patologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Ativação do Complemento , Imunodifusão , Esclerose Múltipla/sangue , Esclerose Múltipla/patologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Reiber's quotient diagram or reibergram has a growing apply for characterize the intratecal synthesis of proteins. Firstly reibergrama was used for the major classes of immunoglobulins but later it was used to evaluate other proteins based on the theory about molecular flux/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow rate. METHOD: C3c is a degradation product of complement factor C3 with 145 KDa and approaches to IgG molecular characteristics according with Fick's diffusion laws. It was assumed IgG constants and graphic for IgG constants and graphic to evaluate the intrathecal synthesis of C3c. Twenty-seven patients and 27 controls were studied. Serum and CSF C3c and albumin were quantified by immunodiffusion. RESULTS: The patients with the C3c proposed reibergram were evaluated. It has been proved its validity under several CSF blood barrier conditions. CONCLUSION: Reibergram for C3c can be used for the evaluation of the intrathecal synthesis of this protein.
Assuntos
Complemento C3c/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Imunoglobulina G/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Complemento C3c/biossíntese , Humanos , Imunodifusão , Imunoglobulina G/biossíntese , Nefelometria e TurbidimetriaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Angiostrongylus cantonensis meningoencephalitis is an emergent disease in the Americas. METHOD: Twelve children suffering from eosinophilic meningoencephalitis due to this parasite aged between 6-10 years were studied. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples were taken simultaneously in the first diagnostic puncture at admission. RESULTS: All cases showed typical findings on the routine CSF and serum analysis: increased CSF total protein, increased Q (CSF/serum) albumin accompanied by eosinophilia in CSF. No intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulins was found. Mean serum and CSF sICAM-1 values were 337.4 and 3.97 ng/mL. Qalbumin and QsICAM-1 mean values were 4.1 and 6.2 respectively. In 50% of the patients an increased brain-derived fraction of sICAM-1 was found. CONCLUSION: It may be suggested that a dynamic of the sICAM-1 brain derived fraction is perhaps associated to the immune response in the evolution of the disease.sICAM-1 may be an agent in negative feedback for eosinophils passage through the blood-CSF barrier into the inflammatory brain response.
Assuntos
Angiostrongylus cantonensis , Eosinofilia/parasitologia , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular/sangue , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Meningoencefalite/parasitologia , Infecções por Strongylida , Animais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Eosinofilia/sangue , Eosinofilia/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Humanos , Meningoencefalite/sangue , Meningoencefalite/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Infecções por Strongylida/sangue , Infecções por Strongylida/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Infecções por Strongylida/parasitologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCCION: El diagrama de las razones de Reiber o reibergrama cobra cada día mayores usos para la caracterización de la síntesis intratecal de proteínas. El reibergrama fue definido para las clases mayores de inmunoglobulinas pero luego ha sido utilizado para evaluar otras proteínas basado en la teoría de la difusión molecular/velocidad de flujo del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR). MÉTODO: El C3c, producto de la degradación del factor del complemento C3 y con una masa molecular de 145 KDa, se acerca a las características moleculares de la IgG para las leyes de la difusión de Fick. Se asume las constantes de la IgG en la fórmula de Reiber para evaluar la síntesis intratecal de C3c así como su correspondiente reibergrama. Se estudiaron 27 pacientes y 27 controles a los que se les dosificó albúmina y C3c en suero y LCR por inmunodifusión radial. RESULTADOS: Con el reibergrama propuesto para el C3c se evaluaron estos pacientes. Se comprueba la validez de este reibergrama para distintas condiciones de barrera con o sin síntesis intratecal de C3c. CONCLUSION: El reibergrama y su fórmula correspondiente propuesto para la C3c puede ser usado para la evaluación de la síntesis intratecal de C3c.
INTRODUCTION: Reiber's quotient diagram or reibergram has a growing apply for characterize the intratecal synthesis of proteins. Firstly reibergrama was used for the major classes of immunoglobulins but later it was used to evaluate other proteins based on the theory about molecular flux/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow rate. METHOD: C3c is a degradation product of complement factor C3 with 145 KDa and approaches to IgG molecular characteristics according with Fick's diffussion laws. It was assumed IgG constants and graphic for IgG constants and graphic to evaluate the intrathecal synthesis of C3c. Twenty-seven patients and 27 controls were studied. Serum and CSF C3c and albumin were quantified by immunodiffusion. RESULTS: The patients with the C3c proposed reibergram were evaluated. It has been proved its validity under several CSF blood barrier conditions. CONCLUSION: Reibergram for C3c can be used for the evaluation of the intrathecal synthesis of this protein.
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adulto , /líquido cefalorraquidiano , Imunoglobulina G/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Estudos de Casos e Controles , /biossíntese , Imunodifusão , Imunoglobulina G/biossíntese , Nefelometria e TurbidimetriaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Angiostrongylus cantonensis meningoencephalitis is an emergent disease in the Americas. METHOD: Twelve children suffering from eosinophilic meningoencephalitis due to this parasite aged between 6-10 years were studied. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples were taken simultaneously in the first diagnostic puncture at admission. RESULTS: All cases showed typical findings on the routine CSF and serum analysis: increased CSF total protein, increased Q (CSF/serum) albumin accompanied by eosinophilia in CSF. No intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulins was found. Mean serum and CSF sICAM-1 values were 337.4 and 3.97 ng/mL. Qalbumin and QsICAM-1 mean values were 4.1 and 6.2 respectively. In 50 percent of the patients an increased brain-derived fraction of sICAM-1 was found. CONCLUSION: It may be suggested that a dynamic of the sICAM-1 brain derived fraction is perhaps associated to the immune response in the evolution of the disease.sICAM-1 may be an agent in negative feedback for eosinophils passage through the blood-CSF barrier into the inflammatory brain response.
INTRODUCCION: La meningoencefalitis por Angiostrongylus cantonensis es una enfermedad emergente en las Américas. MÉTODO: Doce niños con meningoencefalitis eosinofílica por Angiostrongylus cantonensis con edades entre 6 y 10 años fueron estudiados. Se tomaron muestras simultáneas de suero y líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) en la primera punción lumbar diagnóstica. RESULTADOS: Todos los casos evidenciaron hallazgos típicos en los análisis de rutina del LCR y suero: incremento de proteínas totales, aumento de la razón albúmina Q (LCR/suero) acompañado de eosinofilia en LCR. No se encontró síntesis intratecal de inmunoglobulinas. Los valores medios de sICAM-1 en suero y LCR fueron de 337,4 y 3,97 ng/mL respectivamente. Los valores medios de Q albúmina y Q sICAM-1 fueron de 4,1 y 6,2 respectivamente. En el 50 por ciento de los pacientes se encontró un incremento de la fracción de sICAM-1 derivado del cerebro. CONCLUSION: Se puede sugerir que la dinámica de la fracción sICAM-1 derivada del cerebro ocurre quizas asociada a la respuesta inmune frente a la enfermedad. sICAM-1 puede ser un agente de retroalimentación negativa para el paso de eosinófilos de la sangre a través de la barrera sangre-LCR en el cerebro inflamado.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Criança , Angiostrongylus cantonensis , Eosinofilia/parasitologia , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular/sangue , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Meningoencefalite/parasitologia , Infecções por Strongylida/parasitologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Eosinofilia/sangue , Eosinofilia/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Meningoencefalite/sangue , Meningoencefalite/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Infecções por Strongylida/sangue , Infecções por Strongylida/líquido cefalorraquidianoRESUMO
La Neuroinmunología surge como disciplina en las últimas décadas del pasado siglo, a partir del desarrollo de las ciencias matrices. Para comprender las bases moleculares de estas ciencias es necesario conocer los conceptos actuales de barrera hematoencefálica y síntesis intratecal de inmunoglobulinas. La barrera hematoencefálica es un equilibrio físico-químico de transporte bidireccional restringido, donde las moléculas se difunden de acuerdo con su masa molecular. Existen proteínas que se difunden de la sangre al líquido cefalorraquídeo y otras se sintetizan en éste. Las inmunoglobulinas se difunden hacia el líquido cefalorraquídeo y se sintetizan en él. Para discriminar la síntesis intratecal de éstas se emplean diversas fórmulas, entre las que se encuentran las de Link, Tourtellotte, Schuller y Reiber