RESUMO

Water aerobics exercise is widely recommended for elderly people. However, little is known about the acute effects on hemodynamic variables. Thus, we assessed the effects of a water aerobic session on blood pressure in hypertensive elderly women. Fifty hypertensive elderly women aged 67.8 ± 4.1 years, 1.5 ± 0.6 m high and BMI 28.6 ± 3.9 kg/m2, participated in a crossover clinical trial. The experiment consisted of a 45-minute water aerobics session (70%-75% HRmax adjusted for the aquatic environment) (ES) and a control session (no exercise for 45 minutes) (CS). Heart rate was monitored using a heart rate monitor and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) measurements were taken using a semi-automatic monitor before and immediately after the sessions, and at 10, 20 and 30 minutes thereafter. It was using a generalized estimating equation (GEE) with Bonferroni's post-hoc test (p < 0.05). At the end of the experimental session, ES showed a rise in SBP of 17.4 mmHg (14.3%, p < 0.001) and DBP of 5.4 mmHg (7.8%, p < 0.001) compared to CS. At 10 minutes after exercise, BP declined in ES by a greater magnitude than in CS (SBP 7.5 mmHg, 6.2%, p = 0.005 and DBP 3.8 mmHg, 5.5%, p = 0.013). At 20 minutes after exercise and thereafter, SBP and DBP were similar in both ES and CS. In conclusion, BP returned to control levels within 10-20 minutes remaining unchanged until 30 minutes after exercise, and post-exercise hypotension was not observed. Besides, BP changed after exercise was a safe rise of small magnitude for hypertensive people.

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RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate the unilateral strength in knee flexion and extension, and the Hamstring/Quadriceps Ratio (H/Q Ratio), in dominant and non-dominant lower limbs in professional dancers. This was a cross-sectional study, carried out with 12 health adults (27.5±1.27years, 66.6±3.11kg, 173±0.02cm, 22.1±0.51kg/m2), professional dancers of a national company. The volunteers, after physical measurements, were submitted to a 1 Repetition Maximum (1RM) test, unilaterally, in both lower limbs at Flexor and Extensor Bench seat exercises. After 1 week, a 1RM retest was carried out to confirm the real total load for each limb. The torque and H/Q Ratio were calculated unilaterally. In knee extension, the dominant limb presented strength 18.77% higher than nondominant limb (p<0.01), and in knee flexion, the strength of the dominant limb was 16.38% higher than the non-dominant limb (p=0.04). The H/Q Ratio was higher in the non-dominant limb 90.12 ± 0.22% than dominant limb 86.36±0.37% (p=0.04). The results showed difference in the strength between dominant and non-dominant members in both movements, knee flexion and extension. The H/Q Ratio presented values that evidenced imbalance in lower limbs. The population of dancers under study presented risk for injuries in lower limbs, requiring a specific training intervention.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a força de flexão e extensão do joelho, de forma unilateral, e a relação Isquiotibiais-Quadriceps (relação I/Q), nos membros inferiores dominantes e não dominantes de dançarinos profissionais. Este foi um estudo transversal, realizado com 12 dançarinos profissionais adultos saudáveis (27.5±1.27anos, 66.6±3.11kg, 173±0.02cm, 22.1±0.51kg/m2), de uma empresa de dança brasileira. Após as avaliações antropométricas, os indivíduos foram submetidos ao teste de uma repetição máxima (1RM) na cadeira extensora e flexora, unilateralmente, em ambos os membros inferiores. Após uma semana, um reteste de 1RM foi realizado para confirmar a carga total para cada membro. O torque e relação I/Q foram calculados de forma unilateral. Em extensão do joelho do membro dominante apresentou força 18,77% superior ao membro não dominante (p <0,01), e na flexão do joelho, a força do membro dominante foi 16,38% maior do que a força do membro não dominante (p = 0,04). A Relação I/Q foi maior no membro não-dominante 90.12 ± 0.22% do que no membro dominante 86.36±0.37% (p = 0,04). Os resultados mostraram diferença na força entre os membros dominantes e não dominantes em ambos os movimentos, na flexão e extensão do joelho. A relação I/Q apresentou valores que evidenciaram desequilíbrio nos membros inferiores. A população de dançarinos em estudo apresenta risco de lesões nos membros inferiores, necessitando de uma intervenção formação específica.

Assuntos

RESUMO

One exercise training session such as walking, running, and resistance can lead to a decrease in blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive individuals, but few studies have investigated the effects of exercise training in an aquatic environment for overweight and obese hypertensive individuals. We aimed to assess the acute effects of a water aerobics session on blood pressure changes in pharmacologically treated overweight and obese hypertensive women. A randomized crossover study was carried out with 18 hypertensive women, 10 of them were overweight (54.4 ± 7.9 years; body mass index: 27.8 ± 1.7 kg/m(2)) and eight obese (56.4 ± 6.6 years; body mass index: 33.0 ± 2.0 kg/m(2)). The water aerobics exercise session consisted of a 45-minute training at the intensity of 70%-75% of maximum heart rate adjusted for the aquatic environment. The control group did not enter the pool and did not perform any exercise. We measured systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) before, immediately after, and every 10 minutes up to 30 minutes after the aerobic exercise or control session. Overall (n = 18), DBP did not change after the water aerobic exercise and control session, and SBP decreased at 10 and 20 minutes postexercise compared to the control session. Among overweight women, SBP decreased at 10 and 20 minutes postexercise. In contrast, among obese women, SBP decreased only at 10 minutes postexercise. SBP variation was -2.68 mm Hg in overweight and -1.24 mm Hg in obese women. In conclusion, the water aerobics session leads to a reduction in SBP, but not in DBP, during 10 and 20 minutes postexercise recovery. Thus, it may be safely prescribed to overweight and obese women.

Assuntos