RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyse the attributable risk of mortality and DALYs (Disability Adjusted Life Years) due to occupational carcinogens for lung cancer between 1990 and 2019 in Brazil and federation units, as well as its relationship with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). STUDY DESIGN: Epidemiological study. METHODS: This is an epidemiological study that used GBD 2019 (Global Burden of Disease Study) estimates of lung cancer mortality rates and DALYs attributable to occupational carcinogens. The relationship between these rates and SDI was assessed using panel data analysis. RESULTS: In Brazil, occupational exposure to asbestos, silica and diesel vapours accounted for more than 85.00% of lung cancer deaths and DALYs attributable to occupational carcinogens in both sexes between 1990 and 2019. An increase in both rates was observed in women for almost all the occupational carcinogens assessed, especially in the North and Northeast regions of the country, with diesel vapours standing out the most. CONCLUSIONS: The present study highlighted the urge to characterise exposure to occupational risks for lung cancer, especially for the female population in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares , Doenças Profissionais , Exposição Ocupacional , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiologia , Feminino , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ocupacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Doenças Profissionais/mortalidade , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Deficiência , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carga Global da Doença , Adulto , Carcinógenos/toxicidade , IdosoRESUMO
PURPOSE: This work investigated the endocytic pathways taken by poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) (PIBCA) nanoparticles differing in their surface composition and architecture, assuming that this might determine their efficiency of intracellular drug delivery. METHODS: Nanoparticles (A0, A25, A100, R0, R25 ) were prepared by anionic or redox radical emulsion polymerization using mixtures of dextran and fucoidan (0, 25, 100 % in fucoidan). Cell uptake was evaluated by incubating J774A.1 macrophages with nanoparticles. Endocytic pathways were studied by incubating cells with endocytic pathway inhibitors (chlorpromazine, genistein, cytochalasin D, methyl-ß-cyclodextrin and nocodazole) and nanoparticle uptake was evaluated by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. RESULTS: The fucoidan-coated PIBCA nanoparticles A25 were internalized 3-fold more efficiently than R25 due to the different architecture of the fucoidan chains presented on the surface. Different fucoidan density and architecture led to different internalization pathway preferred by the cells. Large A100 nanoparticles with surface was covered with fucoidan chains in a loop and train configuration were internalized the most efficiently, 47-fold compared with A0, and 3-fold compared with R0 and R25 through non-endocytic energy-independent pathways and reached the cell cytoplasm. CONCLUSION: Internalization pathways of PIBCA nanoparticles by J774A.1 macrophages could be determined by nanoparticle fucoidan surface composition and architecture. In turn, this influenced the extent of internalization and localization of accumulated nanoparticles within cells. The results are of interest for rationalizing the design of nanoparticles for potential cytoplamic drug delivery by controlling the nature of the nanoparticle surface.
Assuntos
Nanopartículas , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Emulsões , PolissacarídeosRESUMO
The aim of this study was to determine whether encapsulation of ß-lapachone (ß-lap) into liposomes interferes with its in vitro antimicrobial activity against meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Cryptococcus neoformans clinical strains. Liposomes (ß-lap:lipo or ß-lap:HPß-CD-lipo) were prepared using the hydration of thin lipid film method followed by sonication. The in vitro antimicrobial activities of ß-lap-loaded liposomes against MRSA and C. neoformans were evaluated using the microdilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The liposomes presented a mean particle size ranging from 88.7±1.5nm to 112.4±1.9nm with a polydispersity index ranging from 0.255 to 0.340, zeta potential from -0.26±0.01mV to +0.25±0.05mV and drug encapsulation efficiency from 97.4±0.3% to 98.9±0.4%. ß-Lap and ß-lap:HPß-CD had minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 2mg/L to 4mg/L, whereas the MICs of ß-lap-lipo or ß-lap:HPß-CD-lipo ranged from 4mg/L to 16mg/L for the MRSA strains tested. ß-Lap and ß-lap:HPß-CD were able to inhibit fungal growth [MIC=2-8mg/L and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC)=4-8mg/L]. However, ß-lap-lipo and ß-lap:HPß-CD-lipo were more efficient, with MICs and MFCs of <4mg/L. These findings suggest that the liposomal formulations tested do not interfere significantly with ß-lap antibacterial activity against MRSA and improve its antifungal properties against C. neoformans.
RESUMO
The "In vitro" antifungal activity of ozonized sunflower oil (Bioperoxoil®) was tested on 101 samples of yeasts originating from onychomycosis using the disk diffusion method. The oil was efficacious against several clinical fungal strains: Candida parapsilosis, Candida albicans, Trichosporonasahii, Candida tropicalis and Candida guilliermondii.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Óleos/análise , Helianthus , Antifúngicos/química , Leveduras , Ozônio/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The "In vitro" antifungal activity of ozonized sunflower oil (Bioperoxoil®) was tested on 101 samples of yeasts originating from onychomycosis using the disk diffusion method. The oil was efficacious against several clinical fungal strains: Candida parapsilosis, Candida albicans, Trichosporonasahii, Candida tropicalis and Candida guilliermondii.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/análise , Técnicas In Vitro , Micoses , Onicomicose , Óleos de Plantas/análise , Leveduras , Helianthus , Métodos , MétodosRESUMO
The "in vitro" antifungal activity of ozonized sunflower oil (Bioperoxoil®) was tested on 101 samples of yeasts originating from onychomycosis using the disk diffusion method. The oil was efficacious against several clinical fungal strains: Candida parapsilosis, Candida albicans, Trichosporon asahii, Candida tropicalis and Candida guilliermondii.
RESUMO
The natural habitat of Tritirachium oryzae is soil and decaying plant material. It is also an insect pathogen. As a human pathogen, it has been reported as a cause of corneal ulcers and otomycosis. The case of a 4-year-old infant is reported with Tritirachium oryzae infection of the scalp. Diagnosis was established by direct mycological study and culture that showed Tritirachium oryzae as the only agent in a pure culture. The topical treatment involved an antifungal medication to a complete cure. We report the first case of scalp dermatomycosis due to Tritirachium oryzae infection, illustrating a novel clinical manifestation.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos/isolamento & purificação , Micoses/diagnóstico , Couro Cabeludo/microbiologia , Administração Tópica , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Ascomicetos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Micoses/microbiologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation has been increasingly performed for a variety of hematologic diseases. Clinically significant acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) occurs in 9 to 50 percent of patients who receive allogeneic grafts, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. There is no standard therapy for patients with acute GVHD who do not respond to steroids. Studies have shown a possible benefit of anti-TNF-a (infliximab)for the treatment of acute GVHD. We report here on the outcomes of 10 recipients of related or unrelated stem cell transplants who received 10 mg/kg infliximab, iv, once weekly for a median of 3.5 doses (range: 1-6) for the treatment of severe acute GVHD and who were not responsive to standard therapy. All patients had acute GVHD grades II to IV (II = 2, III = 3, IV = 5). Overall, 9 patients responded and 1 patient had progressive disease. Among the responders, 3 had complete responses and 6 partial responses. All patients with cutaneous or gastrointestinal involvement responded, while only 2 of 6 patients with liver disease showed any response. None of the 10 patients had any kind of immediate toxicity. Four patients died, all of them with sepsis. Six patients are still alive after a median follow-up time of 544 days (92-600) after transplantation. Considering the severity of the cases and the bad prognosis associated with advanced acute GVHD, we find our results encouraging. Anti-TNF-a seems to be a useful agent for the treatment of acute GVHD.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/tratamento farmacológico , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Metilprednisolona/uso terapêutico , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidores , Doença Aguda , Quimioterapia Combinada , Seguimentos , Leucemia/mortalidade , Leucemia/cirurgia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation has been increasingly performed for a variety of hematologic diseases. Clinically significant acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) occurs in 9 to 50% of patients who receive allogeneic grafts, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. There is no standard therapy for patients with acute GVHD who do not respond to steroids. Studies have shown a possible benefit of anti-TNF-a (infliximab)for the treatment of acute GVHD. We report here on the outcomes of 10 recipients of related or unrelated stem cell transplants who received 10 mg/kg infliximab, iv, once weekly for a median of 3.5 doses (range: 1-6) for the treatment of severe acute GVHD and who were not responsive to standard therapy. All patients had acute GVHD grades II to IV (II = 2, III = 3, IV = 5). Overall, 9 patients responded and 1 patient had progressive disease. Among the responders, 3 had complete responses and 6 partial responses. All patients with cutaneous or gastrointestinal involvement responded, while only 2 of 6 patients with liver disease showed any response. None of the 10 patients had any kind of immediate toxicity. Four patients died, all of them with sepsis. Six patients are still alive after a median follow-up time of 544 days (92-600) after transplantation. Considering the severity of the cases and the bad prognosis associated with advanced acute GVHD, we find our results encouraging. Anti-TNF-a seems to be a useful agent for the treatment of acute GVHD.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/tratamento farmacológico , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Metilprednisolona/uso terapêutico , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidores , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Infliximab , Leucemia/mortalidade , Leucemia/cirurgia , Masculino , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
This study evaluated the extent of the cariostatic effect on root dentin provided by four fluoride-containing restorative systems: Ketac-Fil/ESPE [Ke], Fuji II LC Improved/GC Corp [Fj], Dyract AP/Dentsply [Dy] and SureFil/Dentsply [Su], and one without fluoride: Z250/3M [control]. Ninety-five bovine root dentin fragments (5.0 x 6.0 mm) were obtained, embedded in polyester resin and planed. Cavities (1.5 x 3.5 x 1.0 mm) were made and restored by the five restorative systems (n=19) in a randomized complete block design according to the manufacturers' instructions. After 24 hours, the dentin/restoration surface was polished. The restoration surface and an adjacent area of 3.0 x 3.0 mm were demarcated and submitted to a pH-cycling model. Dentin surface Knoop microhardness values were obtained (5.0-g, 5.0-s) for 10 distances: 50, 100, 150, 300, 600, 900, 1200, 1500, 1800 and 2100 microm from the margin of the restoration. The dentin microhardness means for each restorative material at each distance was considered by the ANOVA multi-factor split-plot method. The interaction between the restorative system and distance was statistically significant (p<0.05). The Tukey test and the regression analysis showed that the means of [Ke] and [Fj] were similar up to 300 microm, the [Ke] means being higher than the [control] at distances 50, 100, 150 and 300 microm. The [Fj] means were higher than the [control] at distances 50, 100 and 150 microm. The microhardness means of [Dy] and [Su] were not statistically different from the [control] and remained steady throughout the studied distances. This study concluded that the extent of the cariostatic effect on root dentin was 300 microm for [Ke] and 150 microm for [Fj]. [Dy] and [Su] did not show any cariostatic effect.
Assuntos
Cariostáticos , Compômeros , Resinas Compostas , Restauração Dentária Permanente/métodos , Fluoretos/administração & dosagem , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro , Cárie Radicular/prevenção & controle , Análise de Variância , Animais , Bis-Fenol A-Glicidil Metacrilato , Bovinos , Dentina , Solubilidade da Dentina , Adesivos Dentinários , Dureza , Maleatos , Metacrilatos , Ácidos Polimetacrílicos , Distribuição Aleatória , Análise de Regressão , Resinas Sintéticas , Silicatos , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
Estudou-se o efeito da monensina adicionada ao suplemento mineral sobre o peso de bovinos mestiços, criados sob pastejo, e seus efeitos sobre os rendimentos da carcaça. O trabalho foi conduzido no município de Carlos Chagas, MG, de agosto de 1994 a janeiro de 1995. Utilizaram-se 82 animais inteiros, mestiços Zebu X Europeu (14 1/4 europeu, filhos de touro P; 32 1/2 europeu, filhos de touros L e 36 1/4 europeu, filhos de touro SS) com peso e idade médios iniciais, respectivamente, de 350kg e 18 meses. Os 82 animais foram seqüencialmente sorteados dentro de peso inicial, touro ou grau de sangue em três tratamentos: T1 (n=28), grupo-controle; T2 (n=26), recebendo 3 por cento de rumensin (10 por cento de monensina) adicionado ao suplemento mineral (18 por cento de NaCl, 16 por cento de farelo de algodäo, 15 por cento de farelo de milho, 5 por cento de melaço, 20 por cento de uréia, 12 por cento de farinha de osso, 12,8 por cento de ortofosfato e 1,2 por cento de microminerais); T3 (n=28), idem ao T2, adicionado de 3 por cento de levedura de cana de açúcar (palatabilizante). Todos os animais permaneceram em pastagens de coloniäo. Näo houve diferença (P>0,05) no peso final dos animais dos grupos T1 e T2, mas os do grupo T3 apresentaram ganho de peso superior (P<0,01). O peso médio final foi de 510,19ñ3,01kg para T1; 505,84ñ3,14kg para T2 e 522,47ñ3,00kg para T3 (P<0,01). Animais filhos do touro P apresentaram peso médio final de 516,78ñ4,24kg comparado com 515,55ñ2,73 e 506,16ñ2,64kg, respectivamente, para touros L e SS (P<0,05). Näo se observou efeito da monensina (P>0,05) sobre o rendimento da carcaça
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Antibacterianos , BovinosRESUMO
An experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the vegetative and productive behavior of three cultivars of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) related to the above ground architecture, in four planting spacings. The research was carried out in Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil from October 1993 to July 1994, on a Rhodic Kandindox soil. The treatments constituted of cultivars SRT 59 (Branca de Santa Catarina), IAC 576-70 and IAC 1287 (Fibra), described as low and open-angle branching, high and close-angle branching and no or late branching, respectively. Each treatment had three subtreatments of planting spacings: 1.0 m x 1.0 m; 1.0 m x 0.8 m, 1.0 m x 0.6 m and 1.0 m x 0.4 m, arranged in randomized blocks with subdivided plots and four replications. Each subplot was constituted of 4 lines with 10 plants each. Evaluations were performed on the 16 central plants of each subplot. The branching cultivars and the smallest planting spacings favored canopy closure. Smaller the planting spacings closer the branching angle and smaller the diameter of the primary stems for the branching cultivars the smaller the planting spaces the higher the root yield for the no branching cultivars.
Com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento vegetativo e produtivo de três cultivares de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) em relação à arquitetura da parte aérea, em quatro espaçamentos, realizou-se experimento de outubro de 1993 a julho de 1994, em solo Podzólico Vermelho Escuro Latossólico, do Município de Piracicaba, SP. Os cultivares SRT 59 com ramificação baixa em ângulo aberto, IAC 576-70 com ramificação alta em ângulo fechado e IAC 1287 sem ramificação, foram conduzidos sob os espaçamentos de 1,0 m x 0,4 m; 1,0 m x 0,6 m; 1,0 m x 0,8 m e 1,0 m x 1,0 m. O experimento foi delineado em blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas, onde os espaçamentos representam as parcelas e os cultivares subparcelas. Cada parcela foi constituída por 4 linhas de 10 plantas, utilizando-se as 16 plantas centrais para obtenção de resultados relativos às seguintes propriedades: estandes inicial e final de plantas; número de hastes por planta; abertura de ramificação; diâmetro da haste principal e rendimento de raízes. Concluiu-se que: 1) cultivares que se ramificam e espaçamentos menores favorecem o fechamento precoce das copas; 2) menores espaçamentos reduziram o ângulo de ramificação e o diâmetro da haste principal nos cultivares que se ramificam; 3) menores espaçamentos aumentam o rendimento dos cultivares que não se ramificam.
RESUMO
An experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the vegetative and productive behavior of three cultivars of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) related to the above ground architecture, in four planting spacings. The research was carried out in Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil from October 1993 to July 1994, on a Rhodic Kandindox soil. The treatments constituted of cultivars SRT 59 (Branca de Santa Catarina), IAC 576-70 and IAC 1287 (Fibra), described as low and open-angle branching, high and close-angle branching and no or late branching, respectively. Each treatment had three subtreatments of planting spacings: 1.0 m x 1.0 m; 1.0 m x 0.8 m, 1.0 m x 0.6 m and 1.0 m x 0.4 m, arranged in randomized blocks with subdivided plots and four replications. Each subplot was constituted of 4 lines with 10 plants each. Evaluations were performed on the 16 central plants of each subplot. The branching cultivars and the smallest planting spacings favored canopy closure. Smaller the planting spacings closer the branching angle and smaller the diameter of the primary stems for the branching cultivars the smaller the planting spaces the higher the root yield for the no branching cultivars.
Com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento vegetativo e produtivo de três cultivares de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) em relação à arquitetura da parte aérea, em quatro espaçamentos, realizou-se experimento de outubro de 1993 a julho de 1994, em solo Podzólico Vermelho Escuro Latossólico, do Município de Piracicaba, SP. Os cultivares SRT 59 com ramificação baixa em ângulo aberto, IAC 576-70 com ramificação alta em ângulo fechado e IAC 1287 sem ramificação, foram conduzidos sob os espaçamentos de 1,0 m x 0,4 m; 1,0 m x 0,6 m; 1,0 m x 0,8 m e 1,0 m x 1,0 m. O experimento foi delineado em blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas, onde os espaçamentos representam as parcelas e os cultivares subparcelas. Cada parcela foi constituída por 4 linhas de 10 plantas, utilizando-se as 16 plantas centrais para obtenção de resultados relativos às seguintes propriedades: estandes inicial e final de plantas; número de hastes por planta; abertura de ramificação; diâmetro da haste principal e rendimento de raízes. Concluiu-se que: 1) cultivares que se ramificam e espaçamentos menores favorecem o fechamento precoce das copas; 2) menores espaçamentos reduziram o ângulo de ramificação e o diâmetro da haste principal nos cultivares que se ramificam; 3) menores espaçamentos aumentam o rendimento dos cultivares que não se ramificam.
RESUMO
The objective of this study was to develop a suitable methodology for the intrablock analysis of experiments in split-plot involving a two-way treatment structure when the design structure for whole plot experimental units is a partially balanced incomplete block design. Using the least square procedure expressions were developed to determine the sums of squares of the variance analysis and the justification of the F test.
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi desenvolver uma metodologia adequada para análise intrablocos de experimentos em parcelas subdivididas quando os tratamentos primários estão dispostos em uma estrutura de delineamento em blocos incompletos parcialmente balanceados. Usando o método dos mínimos quadrados foram determinadas as expressões para as várias somas de quadrados que compõem a análise de variância e a composição do teste F.
RESUMO
The objective of this study was to develop a suitable methodology for the intrablock analysis of experiments in split-plot involving a two-way treatment structure when the design structure for whole plot experimental units is a partially balanced incomplete block design. Using the least square procedure expressions were developed to determine the sums of squares of the variance analysis and the justification of the F test.
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi desenvolver uma metodologia adequada para análise intrablocos de experimentos em parcelas subdivididas quando os tratamentos primários estão dispostos em uma estrutura de delineamento em blocos incompletos parcialmente balanceados. Usando o método dos mínimos quadrados foram determinadas as expressões para as várias somas de quadrados que compõem a análise de variância e a composição do teste F.
RESUMO
The objective of this study was to develop a suitable methodology for the solution of normal equations in split-plot experiments involving two-way treatment structures when the design for the whole plot experimental units is a partially balanced incomplete block design.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo para obtenção de uma solução adequada das equações normais de experimentos em parcelas subdivididas com tratamentos primários dispostos segundo uma estrutura de blocos incompletos parcialmente balanceados.
RESUMO
The objective of this study was to develop a suitable methodology for the solution of normal equations in split-plot experiments involving two-way treatment structures when the design for the whole plot experimental units is a partially balanced incomplete block design.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo para obtenção de uma solução adequada das equações normais de experimentos em parcelas subdivididas com tratamentos primários dispostos segundo uma estrutura de blocos incompletos parcialmente balanceados.