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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify the time period during which a hospital bed could be virtually available according to the informatics and administrative hospital system while still being physically occupied by a patient in a hospital in Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a 250-bed Academic Medical Center located in Central Northern Mexico during February 2015. Both administrative and real patient discharges were registered in a hospital format. Central tendency measures were used to present collected data and bed/day costs were obtained from official national published costs. RESULTS: Nine hundred and forty-three patients were followed up during their hospital discharge process. Overall, 2.4% of hospital beds were occupied by discharged patients. The annual cost only for cold beds was $959,220.00 US$ ($14,348,304.00 MNX), without bringing about any benefits for patients. Cold beds represented 1.31% of the 2015 annual hospital budget. CONCLUSIONS: Quality improvement initiatives must be implemented to allocate beds to patients more efficiently. The discharge process must be standardized to reduce bed/day direct hospital costs and strengthen the supervision of medical residents during this process.

OBJETIVO: Identificar el periodo de tiempo durante el cual una cama hospitalaria está virtualmente disponible en el sistema informático, mientras está ocupada por un paciente, en un hospital de México. MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio transversal en un centro médico académico de 250 camas, localizado en el centro-norte de México, en febrero de 2015. El alta administrativa y real del paciente fueron registradas en un formato institucional. Se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central para presentar los datos. El costo del día/cama se obtuvo de lo oficial publicado para la nación. RESULTADOS: 943 pacientes fueron seguidos durante el proceso de egreso. El 2.4% del total de las camas estuvo ocupada por pacientes egresados. El costo anual por las camas frías/muertas fue de $959,220.00 US$ ($14,348,304.00 MNX), sin beneficio para los pacientes. Las camas frías/muertas representaron el 1.31% del presupuesto hospitalario anual en el año 2015. CONCLUSIONES: Es necesario implementar iniciativas de mejora para asignar eficientemente las camas a los pacientes. El proceso de egreso debe estandarizarse para reducir el costo directo hospitalario por día/cama. Hay que fortalecer la supervisión de médicos residentes que participan en este proceso.

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INTRODUCTION: The National Center for Health Technology Excellence (CENETEC) has published 539 clinical practice guidelines (CPG) whose area of influence is nationwide. OBJECTIVE: To conduct an assessment of the knowledge and attitudes of teachers at a medical school and the use of CPGs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study in 2012 among teachers at one medical school in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. RESULTS: Overall, 97.1% of medical school physicians (MDs) reported knowing the existence of CPGs and 94.9% had consulted them. The 87.6% of the MD knew where they could find the guidelines. However, only 15.9% mentioned the CENETEC website as a source, 30.4% The Ministry of Health website, and 7.3% both pages. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to develop programs that facilitate the implementation and adoption of clinical practice guidelines by a multidisciplinary team that specifically establishes the importance of their use.

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OBJECTIVE: To obtain the profile of students that deserted from the Faculty of Medicine of the Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, México. DESIGN: Cases and controls nested in a cohort. METHODS: All students that voluntarily deserted between 1992 and 2002 were consulted. Each student was compared in an aleatory form with a regular student and a proper questionnaire was applied. RESULTS: The significantly associated factors to abandon the Faculty of Medicine were: high school of origin (OR=2.43), extra-ordinary exam (OR=3.13), and lack of vocation (OR=2.41). CONCLUSION: The subjacent factors for not deserting from the Faculty of Medicine were: study habits, capacity for sustained effort, and tolerance to frustration.

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OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of a 12 months antipsychotic monotherapy treatment with Olanzapine, risperidone and an atypical antipsychotic drug in Latin American patients with schizophrenia. METHOD: The outcomes of effectiveness and tolerability were evaluated in outpatients with schizophrenia belonging to a large sample (N=7658) in a prospective, international trial carried out in 27 countries. The results for the population of Latin America were presented. RESULTS: The probabilities of response were higher for Olanzapine than Risperidone and the atypical antipsychotic drugs. (p < or = 0.05) and for risperidone compared with the atypical antipsychotic drugs. (p < or = 0.05). Olanzapine was better tolerated as regarding the extrapiramidals symptoms and the sexual disfunction, although it was associated to a higher weight gain, as compared to the other groups of the trial. CONCLUSION: the trial indicated that in the Latin American patients with schizophrenia, it is likely that Olanzapine induces clinical responses and has lower incidences on side effects, when compared with risperidone or atypical antipsychotic drugs.

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OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of a 12 months antipsychotic monotherapy treatment with Olanzapine, risperidone and an atypical antipsychotic drug in Latin American patients with schizophrenia. METHOD: The outcomes of effectiveness and tolerability were evaluated in outpatients with schizophrenia belonging to a large sample (N=7658) in a prospective, international trial carried out in 27 countries. The results for the population of Latin America were presented. RESULTS: The probabilities of response were higher for Olanzapine than Risperidone and the atypical antipsychotic drugs. (p < or = 0.05) and for risperidone compared with the atypical antipsychotic drugs. (p < or = 0.05). Olanzapine was better tolerated as regarding the extrapiramidals symptoms and the sexual disfunction, although it was associated to a higher weight gain, as compared to the other groups of the trial. CONCLUSION: the trial indicated that in the Latin American patients with schizophrenia, it is likely that Olanzapine induces clinical responses and has lower incidences on side effects, when compared with risperidone or atypical antipsychotic drugs.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of a 12 months antipsychotic monotherapy treatment with Olanzapine, risperidone and an atypical antipsychotic drug in Latin American patients with schizophrenia. METHOD: The outcomes of effectiveness and tolerability were evaluated in outpatients with schizophrenia belonging to a large sample (N=7658) in a prospective, international trial carried out in 27 countries. The results for the population of Latin America were presented. RESULTS: The probabilities of response were higher for Olanzapine than Risperidone and the atypical antipsychotic drugs. (p < or = 0.05) and for risperidone compared with the atypical antipsychotic drugs. (p < or = 0.05). Olanzapine was better tolerated as regarding the extrapiramidals symptoms and the sexual disfunction, although it was associated to a higher weight gain, as compared to the other groups of the trial. CONCLUSION: the trial indicated that in the Latin American patients with schizophrenia, it is likely that Olanzapine induces clinical responses and has lower incidences on side effects, when compared with risperidone or atypical antipsychotic drugs.