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Introducción: Cabe preguntarse cómo el mosquito Aedes Aegypti constituye un problema de salud del siglo XXI. El modelo de Nola Pender propone adquirir un compromiso para el plan de acción en la conducta promotora de salud, aplicable al caso del dengue. Objetivo: Evaluar la intervención educativa de enfermería en el desarrollo de competencias preventivas de dengue en la comunidad de Axixintla, Guerrero, siguiendo el modelo de Nola Pender. Material y métodos: Se realizó un análisis cuantitativo con diseño cuasiexperimental, prospectivo y longitudinal. Se validó y se aplicó a 150 participantes la "Rúbrica para evaluar competencias en la prevención de dengue" como instrumento de medición para el análisis estadístico, y se realizó la prueba de Wilcoxon con el programa SPSS versión 25. Resultados: Antes de la intervención educativa, el cumplimiento de competencias generales en la evaluación de la rúbrica fue de 50.1%, considerado como competencias bajas, y de 91.3% después de la intervención educativa, que se encuentra cerca de alcanzar competencias altas. Discusión: Estudios previos indican que la educación para la salud es desarrollada en un nivel de menor importancia, lo que constituye un riesgo porque se podría perder una herramienta básica y fundamental en el cambio de conductas para el cuidado. Conclusiones: La intervención de enfermería realizada en la comunidad fue eficaz, se confirma que las competencias preventivas de dengue de sus habitantes son diferentes antes y después de la intervención educativa.
Introduction: It is important asking ourselves how the Aedes Aegypti mosquito constitutes a health problem of the twenty-first century. The Nola Pender model proposes acquiring a commitment for the action plan in health promoting behavior, applicable to the case of dengue. Objective: To evaluate the nursing educational intervention in the development of dengue preventive competencies at the community of Axixintla, Guerrero, following the Nola Pender model. Material and Methods: A quantitative analysis was used with quasi-experimental, prospective and longitudinal design. The "Rubric to evaluate competencies in dengue prevention" was validated and applied to 150 participants as a measurement instrument for statistical analysis, and the SPSS statistics V25 was used for Wilcoxon test. Results: The assessment of general competencies in the rubric evaluation was 50.1% before educational intervention, which is considered as low competencies, and 91.3% after educational intervention, this value is close to high competencies. Discussion: Previous studies indicate that health education is developed on a low importance level, which constitutes a risk because its role as a basic and fundamental tool for health behavior change could be lost. Conclusions: The nursing intervention carried out at the community was effective, it is confirmed that dengue preventive competencies of its inhabitants are different before and after the educational intervention.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem , Comportamento , Dengue , Participação SocialRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) index was developed for estimating of the 10-year risk of major or hip osteoporotic fracture. To date, there is insufficient information regarding the correlation between FRAX and serum bone turnover markers (BTMs), such as soluble ligand of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (sRANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and other molecules related with secondary osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing the correlation between the FRAX and serum levels of sRANKL, OPG, sRANKL/OPG ratio, Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), and sclerostin (SOST) in RA. METHODS: Cross-sectional study included 156 postmenopausal women with RA. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at lumbar spine (L1-L4) and total hip using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). RA patients were divided into (A) RA + osteoporosis and (B) RA without osteoporosis. FRAX scores were calculated including the total hip BMD. Serum sRANKL, OPG, DKK-1, and SOST levels were measured by ELISA. Pearson tests were used for assessing the correlation between serum levels of these molecules and FRAX scores in RA. RESULTS: The RA + osteoporosis group had elevated sRANKL levels (p = 0.005), higher sRANKL/OPG ratio (p = 0.017), decreased DKK-1 (p = 0.028), and lower SOST levels (p < 0.001). Low total hip BMD correlated with high sRANKL (p = 0.001) and sRANKL/OPG ratio (p = 0.005). Total hip and lumbar spine BMD correlated with DKK-1 (p = 0.009 and p = 0.05, respectively) and SOST levels (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Higher sRANKL levels and sRANKL/OPG ratio correlated with estimated 10-year risk of a major osteoporotic fractures (p = 0.003 and p = 0.003, respectively) and hip fracture (p = 0.002 and p = 0.006, respectively). High serum SOST levels were associated with a low estimated 10-year risk of a major osteoporotic fracture (p = 0.003) and hip fracture (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: High sRANKL levels and sRANKL/OPG ratio can be useful to detect a subgroup of RA patients who has an increased 10-year risk of major and hip osteoporotic fractures.
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Artrite Reumatoide/sangue , Remodelação Óssea/fisiologia , Osteoporose/sangue , Fraturas por Osteoporose/diagnóstico , Osteoprotegerina/sangue , Ligante RANK/sangue , Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Artrite Reumatoide/patologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Densidade Óssea , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteoporose/etiologia , Osteoporose/patologia , Fraturas por Osteoporose/sangue , Fraturas por Osteoporose/etiologia , Pós-Menopausa/sangue , PrognósticoRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: El uréter retrocavo es una anomalía congénita rara que requiere manejo quirúrgico. OBJETIVO: Reportar los resultados en el manejo laparoscópico para uréter retrocavo y hacer una revisión bibliográfica. MÉTODO: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, transversal, en pacientes con diagnóstico de uréter retrocavo que fueron sometidos a plastia laparoscópica de uréter retrocavo. RESULTADOS: Cuatro pacientes sometidos a plastia laparoscópica por diagnóstico de uréter retrocavo, 1 hombre y 3 mujeres, con una media de edad de 40.7 años. La media del tiempo operatorio fue de 138.2 minutos. La pérdida de sangre cuantificada transoperatoria media fue de 23.7 ml. Ningún paciente presentó complicaciones transoperatorias ni posoperatorias. Los pacientes permanecieron hospitalizados hasta su egreso una media de 2.5 días. Todos los pacientes presentaron mejoría de su sintomatología. CONCLUSIONES: El uréter retrocavo es una condición rara y aún no existe un consenso sobre su diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento. El manejo quirúrgico laparoscópico es una opción para el tratamiento de estos pacientes. INTRODUCTION: The retrocave ureter is a rare congenital anomaly that requires surgical management. OBJECTIVE: Report the results in laparoscopic management for retrocave ureter and literature review. METHOD: Retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study in patients with a diagnosis of retrocave ureter who were sometimes a laparoscopic retrocave ureter. RESULTS: Four patients sometimes underwent laparoscopic plasty for diagnosis of retrocave ureter, 1 man and 3 women, with a mean age of 40.7 years. The mean operative time was 138.2 minutes. The mean intraoperative quantified blood loss was 23.7 ml. No patient presented transoperative or postoperative complications. The patients remained hospitalized until their progress with an average of 2.5 days. All patients visualize improvement in their symptoms. CONCLUSION: The retrocave ureter is a rare condition and there is still no consensus on its diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Laparoscopic surgical management is an option for the treatment of these patients.
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Laparoscopia , Pica , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Hospitais , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease. Low vitamin D levels have been reported to be a risk factor for MS, and genetic variances could be implicated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of MS with rs10766197 polymorphism of CYP2R1 gene and rs10877012 polymorphism of CYP27B1 gene. The second aim was to analyse whether these polymorphisms are associated with the severity of the progression of MS. Material and Methods. In a case-control study, we included 116 MS patients and 226 controls, all of whom were Mexican Mestizo. MS was diagnosed by McDonald criteria (2017). A complete neurological evaluation was performed to evaluate the severity of disease progression. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) vitamin D] levels were measured by ELISA. Single nucleotide polymorphisms rs10766197 of CYP2R1 gene and rs10877012 SNP of CYP27B1 gene were genotyped by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels were lower in MS patients than in controls (p = 0.009). No differences were observed between serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels of MS patients with severe progression compared to low progression (p = 0.88). A higher frequency of the A allele of CYP2R1 rs10766197 was observed between MS patients and controls (p = 0.05). No differences were observed in the frequency of T allele of CYP27B1 rs10877012 (p = 0.65). In subanalysis, patients with GA + AA genotypes of CYP2R1 rs10766197 had an increased risk of MS compared to controls (p = 0.03). No increased risk was observed in GT + TT genotypes of CYP27B1 rs10877012 (p = 0.63). No differences were observed in allele frequencies of either polymorphism between patients with severe vs. low disease progression. CONCLUSION: Lower serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels were observed in MS patients than in controls, although these levels were not associated with disease progression. Carriers of GA + AA genotypes of CYP2R1 rs10766197 had an increased risk of MS. None of these polymorphisms was associated with severe progression of MS.
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25-Hidroxivitamina D3 1-alfa-Hidroxilase/genética , Alelos , Colestanotriol 26-Mono-Oxigenase/genética , Família 2 do Citocromo P450/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Esclerose Múltipla/etiologia , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Estudos de Associação Genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esclerose Múltipla/diagnóstico , Esclerose Múltipla/metabolismo , Razão de Chances , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Vitamina D/sangue , Adulto JovemRESUMO
In this work, the effect of the addition of noble metals on the order-order disorder process of the L12 structure corresponding to the intermetallic Ni3Al is analyzed. Stoichiometric, nonstoichiometric, and quasi-binary compositions doped with noble metals such as Ag, Au, Pd, and Pt (1 at%) were analyzed. It was observed that depending on the composition, there is a modification in the activation energies calculated from the two time constants that characterize the disorder process. The statistic of atomic jumps was typified based on the configuration of the window to be crossed and, with this, it was identified that the origin of the negative activation energy of the long disorder process is due to an increase in the corresponding energy of the AlAl-Ni jump through unnatural windows.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) involves a broad range of factors that contribute to the development of the disease and its comorbidities. Genetic predisposition influences the development of SLE, and the -675 4G/5G PAI-1 polymorphism has been associated with several pathologies with a chronic inflammatory component. Our objective was to investigate the genetic association between the -675 4G/5G PAI-1 polymorphism with SLE, its clinical manifestations, and comorbidities in a Mexican-Mestizo population. The -675 PAI-1 polymorphism was determined by PCR-RFLP in 716 subjects: 293 SLE patients and 423 control subjects. Significant associations for SLE genetic susceptibility were found in carriers of 4G/5G (OR = 2.63; CI 1.81-3.87; p < .001) and 4G/4G (OR = 2.70; CI 1.62-4.51; p < .001) genotype in comparison with the 5G/5G genotype; 4G allele carriers also presented genetic risk for SLE (OR = 1.63; CI 1.31-2.03; p < .001) compared to the 5G allele. Following a dominant genetic model, a similar association was found with the 4G allele to SLE (OR = 2.66; CI1.84-3.84; p < .001). The 4G/5G genotype was associated with shorter disease duration (p = .039), as well as lower levels of haemoglobin (p = .001) and haematocrit (p = .009); the need for prednisone treatment (p = .001), higher BMI (p = .03), presence of type 2 DM (p = .015), clinical activity (Mex-SLEDAI = 57%; p = .047), Chronicity (SLICC-ACR = 0; p = .015) and CRP levels (p = .015) were associated with 5G/5G genotypes. In conclusion, the -675 4G/5G and 4G/4G PAI-1genotypes were found as genetic risk markers of susceptibility for SLE in the Mexican-Mestizo population, and each genotype could influence the clinical manifestations and comorbidities differently in SLE.
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Predisposição Genética para Doença , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/genética , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Alelos , Análise do Polimorfismo de Comprimento de Fragmentos Amplificados , Doença Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Crônica/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Dislipidemias/epidemiologia , Dislipidemias/genética , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Hematócrito , Hemoglobinas/análise , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/sangue , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/tratamento farmacológico , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/epidemiologia , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/genética , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the utility of elevated serum P-glycoprotein (P-gp) as a risk marker of therapeutic response failure in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 151 RA patients. Patients were classified into two groups according to the response achieved in terms of the disease activity score (DAS)28 after ≥ 6 months: (1) patients with a therapeutic response to DMARDs, with DAS28 < 3.2; and (2) patients without a response to DMARDs, with persistent DAS28 ≥ 3.2. We explored a wide group of clinical factors associated with therapeutic resistance. Serum P-gp levels were measured by ELISA. The risk of P-gp elevation as a marker of failure to achieve a therapeutic response to DMARDs was computed using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Serum P-gp levels were significantly higher in RA patients (n = 151) than in the controls (n = 30) (158.70 ± 182.71 ng/mL vs. 14.12 ± 8.97 ng/mL, p < 0.001). The P-gp level was correlated with the DAS28 score (r = 0.39, p < 0.001). RA patients with DMARD failure had higher serum P-gp levels than patients with a therapeutic response (206 ± 21.47 ng/mL vs 120.60 ± 15.70 ng/mL; p = 0.001). High P-gp levels increased the risk of DMARD failure (OR 3.36, 95% CI 1.54-7.27, p = 0.001). After adjusting for confounding variables, elevated P-gp remained associated with DMARD failure (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.29-5.40, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Elevated serum P-gp is associated with DMARD failure. The P-gp level can be considered a clinical tool for evaluating the risk of DMARD failure in patients; however, future prospective studies should be performed to evaluate the utility of this marker in predicting long-term responses.
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AIM: To investigate the relationships of polymorphisms in genes whose protein products are related in the metabolic pathway of folic acid, particularly MTRR A66G, RFC1 G80A, and MTHFR C677T and A1298C, and disease activity in Mexican patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with methotrexate (MTX). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-eight patients with RA were included in the study who were being treated with MTX, either with or without other drugs. In addition to general data, disease activity was measured by the disease activity score 28 (DAS28). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyping was performed by allelic discrimination using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Differences in genotype (homozygotic or heterozygotic for each allele), allele distributions, and phenotype were not statistically different between the RA group and control populations. We did not find any association between the studied polymorphisms and disease activity nor with the intragroup variables (e.g., clinical activity, body mass index, and single- or combined-drug treatment) or between genetic markers; we also did not find any association within the RA group or between the RA group and control populations. CONCLUSION: Additional studies of more polymorphisms related to this or other metabolic pathways are required to determine the influence of genetics on disease activity in RA.
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Artrite Reumatoide/genética , Ferredoxina-NADP Redutase/genética , Metilenotetra-Hidrofolato Redutase (NADPH2)/genética , Proteína de Replicação C/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Alelos , Etnicidade/genética , Feminino , Ferredoxina-NADP Redutase/metabolismo , Ácido Fólico/genética , Ácido Fólico/metabolismo , Frequência do Gene/genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Metotrexato , Metilenotetra-Hidrofolato Redutase (NADPH2)/metabolismo , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Proteína de Replicação C/metabolismoRESUMO
Osteoporosis (OP) is highly prevalent in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is influenced by genetic factors. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2073618 in the TNFRSF11B osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene has been related to postmenopausal OP although, to date, no information has been described concerning whether this polymorphism is implied in abnormalities of bone mineral density (BMD) in RA. We evaluated, in a case-control study performed in Mexican-Mestizo women with RA, whether SNP rs2073618 in the TNFRSF11B gene is associated with a decrease in BMD. RA patients were classified as follows: (1) low BMD and (2) normal BMD. All patients were genotyped for the rs2073618 polymorphism by PCR-RFLP. The frequency of low BMD was 74.4%. Higher age was observed in RA with low BMD versus normal BMD (62 and 54 years, resp.; p < 0.001). Worse functioning and lower BMI were observed in RA with low BMD (p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, resp.). We found similar genotype frequencies in RA with low BMD versus RA with normal BMD (GG genotype 71% versus 64.4%, GC 26% versus 33%, and CC 3% versus 2.2%, resp.; p = 0.6). We concluded that in Mexican-Mestizo female patients with RA, the rs2073618 polymorphism of the TNRFS11B gene is not associated with low BMD.
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Artrite Reumatoide/genética , Densidade Óssea/genética , Osteoprotegerina/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Alelos , Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Artrite Reumatoide/etnologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteoporose/genéticaRESUMO
Several interleukin 6 gene (IL6) polymorphisms are implicated in susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It has not yet been established with certainty if these polymorphisms are associated with the severe radiographic damage observed in some RA patients, particularly those with the development of joint bone ankylosis (JBA). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between severe radiographic damage in hands and the -174G/C and -572G/C IL6 polymorphisms in Mexican Mestizo people with RA. Mestizo adults with RA and long disease duration (>5 years) were classified into two groups according to the radiographic damage in their hands: a) severe radiographic damage (JBA and/or joint bone subluxations) and b) mild or moderate radiographic damage. We compared the differences in genotype and allele frequencies of -174G/C and -572G/C IL6 polymorphisms (genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) between these two groups. Our findings indicated that the -174G/C polymorphism of IL6 is associated with severe joint radiographic damage [maximum likelihood odds ratios (MLE_OR): 8.03; 95%CI 1.22-187.06; P = 0.03], whereas the -572G/C polymorphism of IL6 exhibited no such association (MLE_OR: 1.5; 95%CI 0.52-4.5; P = 0.44). Higher anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody levels were associated with more severe joint radiographic damage (P = 0.04). We conclude that there is a relevant association between the -174G/C IL6 polymorphism and severe radiographic damage. Future studies in other populations are required to confirm our findings.
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Artrite Reumatoide/genética , Traumatismos da Mão/genética , Mãos/efeitos da radiação , Interleucina-6/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adulto , Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Artrite Reumatoide/etnologia , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Traumatismos da Mão/etnologia , Traumatismos da Mão/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , México/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Objective. To evaluate the association of -174G/C IL-6 polymorphism with failure in therapeutic response to methotrexate (MTX) or leflunomide (LEF). This prospective, observational cohort included 96 Mexican-Mestizo patients with moderate or severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA), initiating MTX or LEF, genotyped for IL-6 -174G/C polymorphism by PCR-RFLP. Therapeutic response was strictly defined: only if patients achieved remission or low disease activity (DAS-28 < 3.2). Results. Patients with MTX or LEF had significant decrement in DAS-28 (p < 0.001); nevertheless, only 14% and 12.5% achieved DAS-28 < 3.2 at 3 and 6 months. After 6 months with any of these drugs the -174G/G genotype carriers (56%) had higher risk of therapeutic failure compared with GC (RR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.07-1.56). By analyzing each drug separately, after 6 months with LEF, GG genotype confers higher risk of therapeutic failure than GC (RR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.05-2.3; p = 0.003), or CC (RR = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.07-3.14; p = 0.001). This risk was also observed in the dominant model (RR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.03-1.72; p = 0.02). Instead, in patients receiving MTX no genotype was predictor of therapeutic failure. We concluded that IL-6 -174G/G genotype confers higher risk of failure in therapeutic response to LEF in Mexicans and if confirmed in other populations this can be used as promissory genetic marker to differentiate risk of therapeutic failure to LEF.
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Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Interleucina-6/genética , Isoxazóis/administração & dosagem , Metotrexato/administração & dosagem , Idoso , Artrite Reumatoide/genética , Artrite Reumatoide/patologia , Biomarcadores Farmacológicos/sangue , Feminino , Marcadores Genéticos , Genótipo , Humanos , Interleucina-6/sangue , Isoxazóis/efeitos adversos , Leflunomida , Masculino , Metotrexato/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Regiões Promotoras GenéticasRESUMO
Nocardia species are aerobic, Gram-positive bacteria with branched filaments reported as opportunistic microorganisms associated with infectious diseases of the skin. We report the isolation of N. wallacei in Mexico from a 43-year-old man, an HIV-positive construction worker who sought care for difficulty breathing and abundant sputum.
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OBJECTIVES: To compare bone turnover marker (BTM) levels and bone mineral density (BMD) between patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and healthy controls (HC) and to evaluate, in AS, the association between BTM levels and clinical variables, spinal syndesmophytes, and BMD using multivariate analysis. METHOD: Seventy-eight AS patients were compared with 58 HC matched by gender. Spinal syndesmophytes in AS and other characteristics were assessed. C-terminal telopeptide fragments of type I collagen (CTX), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin (OC) serum levels, and BMD of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and forearm were evaluated. RESULTS: AS males and females had lower BAP levels than their respective HC (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001). AS patients with bridging syndesmophytes had higher OC levels than AS patients either with non-bridging syndesmophytes (p = 0.001) or without spinal syndesmophytes (p < 0.001). OC and CTX levels correlated significantly with the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS). In the multivariate linear regression adjusted by age, gender, the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), BMD in the lumbar spine, and C-reactive protein (CRP), we observed an association between BAP levels and anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) use (p = 0.05) whereas OC levels were associated with mSASSS (p < 0.001) and anti-TNF use (p = 0.05), and CTX levels were exclusively associated with mSASSS (p = 0.03). In the logistic regression analysis, only OC levels were associated with the presence of syndesmophytes in AS [odds ratio (OR) 2.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19-5.75]. CONCLUSIONS: We observed an increase in OC levels in AS patients with syndesmophytes. BTM levels were associated with the severity of spinal damage. Future longitudinal studies should evaluate whether these BTMs should be included as tools to determine the prognosis and progression of spinal damage.
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Densidade Óssea , Remodelação Óssea , Vértebras Cervicais/diagnóstico por imagem , Vértebras Lombares/diagnóstico por imagem , Espondilite Anquilosante/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radiografia , Espondilite Anquilosante/sangue , Espondilite Anquilosante/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) often present fever. Febrile states are usually associated with infectious processes that generate an inflammatory response involving various molecules, including cytokines. However, an inflammatory response may also occur in the absence of infection. We hypothesized that the levels of inflammatory cytokines are increased in children with ALL without apparent infection. The serum levels of 13 cytokines in 99 patients with ALL and 48 non-oncological patients without apparent infection were measured using multiplex analyte profiling technology (Luminex®). The concentration of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with fever was similar between patients with ALL and fever at diagnosis and those without fever. The levels of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and IL-10 were higher in patients with ALL vs. the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, the levels of the T helper 1 (interferonγ and IL-12) cytokines were higher in patients with ALL vs. the control group. Transforming growth factor ß was lower in patients with ALL vs. the control group (P<0.05). The levels of IL-1ß, IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-17 were similar in the two groups. Our results indicate that the circulating levels of seven of the important studied cytokines are elevated in patients with newly diagnosed ALL without apparent infection, reflecting a strong and deregulated inflammatory state in this disease, with a Th1-polarization profile.
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Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/imunologia , Células Th1/fisiologia , Adolescente , Polaridade Celular , Quimiocinas/sangue , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Febre/sangue , Febre/imunologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/sangueRESUMO
Las fracturas-luxación del tobillo son muy frecuentes en los adultos y las lesiones descritas por Salter y Harris en pacientes en desarrollo también son comunes. Los autores presentan un caso de ruptura del ligamento tibio-peroneo inferior posterior en el tobillo izquierdo, en un paciente de 13 años de edad, cuyo diagnóstico inicial en radiografías simples fue de esguince de tobillo; sin embargo, se solicitó una TC del tobillo en donde se corroboró la lesión de este paciente tratado en el Hospital Infantil de Morelia. La TC como elemento de apoyo en el diagnóstico de la diástasis tibio-peronea inferior es de gran ayuda pues la ruptura del ligamento tibio-peroneo distal posterior de la mortaja en el tobillo pasa desapercibida en estos pacientes que son diagnosticados inicialmente como esguinces de tobillo.
Fracture-dislocations of the ankle are very frequent in adults. The injuries described by Salter and Harris in developing patients are also common. The authors present a case of tear of the posterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament of the left ankle in a 13 year-old patient. The initial diagnosis with plain X-rays was ankle sprain; however, an ankle CT scan confirmed the patient's injury and he was treated at Morelia's Children's Hospital. CT scan is an extremely useful aid in diagnosing inferior tibiofibular diastasis because the tear of the posterior distal tibiofibular ligament of the ankle mortise is missed in these patients, who initially are diagnosed as having an ankle sprain.
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Adolescente , Humanos , Masculino , Traumatismos do Tornozelo/diagnóstico , Ligamentos Laterais do Tornozelo/lesões , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , RupturaRESUMO
Fracture-dislocations of the ankle are very frequent in adults. The injuries described by Salter and Harris in developing patients are also common. The authors present a case of tear of the posterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament of the left ankle in a 13 year-old patient. The initial diagnosis with plain X-rays was ankle sprain; however, an ankle CT scan confirmed the patient's injury and he was treated at Morelia's Children's Hospital. CT scan is an extremely useful aid in diagnosing inferior tibiofibular diastasis because the tear of the posterior distal tibiofibular ligament of the ankle mortise is missed in these patients, who initially are diagnosed as having an ankle sprain.
Assuntos
Traumatismos do Tornozelo/diagnóstico , Ligamentos Laterais do Tornozelo/lesões , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Adolescente , Humanos , Masculino , RupturaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: There is a lack of information about the genotype frequencies of IL-6 -174G/C and -572G/C polymorphisms in Mexicans with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the IL-6 -174G/C and -572G/C polymorphisms in Mexican mestizo with RA. METHODS: We included 137 patients with RA and 102 healthy controls. Patients were assessed for clinical characteristics. IL-6 -174G/C and -572G/C polymorphisms were genotyped using PCR-RFLP analysis. Allele and genotype frequencies and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were computed. Odds ratios (ORs) were computed to identify the risk for RA associated with the presence of GG genotype in comparison with the GC or CC genotypes. RESULTS: The genotype -174GG occurred at a higher frequency in cases and controls (77.4% versus 78.4%, P = 0.845). We found similar results for the genotype -572GG (54% in patients versus 60.8% in controls, P = 0.295). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to evaluate the association of -174G/C and -572G/C polymorphisms of the IL-6 gene with RA in Mexican mestizo patients. These two polymorphisms were not associated with RA in the studied sample. Additional studies are required to evaluate if these IL-6 polymorphisms have relevance to the development of more severe disease.
Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide/genética , Interleucina-6/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Adulto , Alelos , Artrite Reumatoide/sangue , Artrite Reumatoide/diagnóstico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Humanos , Interleucina-6/sangue , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
We investigated associations between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms, FokI T>C (rs2228570), BsmI G>A (rs1544410), ApaI G>T (rs7975232), and TaqI T>C (rs731236), with bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal Mexican-Mestizo women. Three hundred and twenty postmenopausal women participated, who were classified according to World Health Organization criteria as non-osteoporotic (Non-OP; N = 88), osteopenic (Opn; N = 144), and osteoporotic (OP; N = 88). BMD measurements at the lumbar (L1-L4) spine and at the left and right femoral neck were obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction and TaqMan probes. Genotype and allelic frequencies of the 4 VDR SNPs were similar among the 3 groups. Polymorphic allele frequencies were as follows: FokI (C) 0.53, 0.49, 0.56; BsmI (A) 0.26, 0.22, 0.23; ApaI (T) 0.43, 0.39, 0.44; TaqI (C) 0.27, 0.22, 0.23 for the Non-OP, Opn, and OP groups, respectively. Although no associations were found between the SNPs and BMD, based on the putative function of the FokI SNP, we constructed, for the first time, the haplotype with the 4 VDR SNPs, and found that the CGGT haplotype differed between the Non- OP and OP groups (21.8 vs 31.8%, P < 0.05). The risk analysis for this haplotype was nearly significant under the dominant model (OR = 1.783, 95%CI = 0.98-3.25, P = 0.058). This result suggests a possible susceptibility effect of the C allele of the FokI SNP for the development of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Mexican-Mestizo women.
Assuntos
Densidade Óssea/genética , Osteoporose/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Receptores de Calcitriol/genética , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Estudos de Associação Genética , Haplótipos , Humanos , Indígenas Norte-Americanos/genética , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteoporose/diagnóstico por imagem , RadiografiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Allergies have been described as protective factors against the development of childhood acute leukaemia (AL). Our objective was to investigate the associations between allergy history and the development of AL and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in children with Down syndrome (DS). METHODS: A case-control study was performed in Mexico City. The cases (n=97) were diagnosed at nine public hospitals, and the controls (n=222) were recruited at institutions for children with DS. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated. RESULTS: Asthma was positively associated with AL development (OR=4.18; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.47-11.87), whereas skin allergies were negatively associated (OR=0.42; 95% CI: 0.20-0.91). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that allergies and AL in children with DS share biological and immune mechanisms. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting associations between allergies and AL in children with DS.