RESUMO
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) as small non-coding RNAs with cell, tissue, or organ-specific expression accomplish a broad array of functions in physiological and pathological processes such as cancer development. Angiogenesis, a complicated multistep process driving a formation of new blood vessels, speeds up tumor progression by supplying nutrients as well as energy. Abnormal expression of circRNAs reported to affect tumor development through impressing angiogenesis. Such impacts are introduced as constant with different tumorigenic features known as "hallmarks of cancer". In addition, deregulated circRNAs show possibilities to prognosis and diagnosis both in the prophecy of prognosis in malignancies and also their prejudice from healthy individuals. In the present review article, we have evaluated the angiogenic impacts and anti-angiogenic managements of circRNAs in human cancers.
Assuntos
Neoplasias , RNA Circular , Humanos , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Prognóstico , Carcinogênese , ImunoterapiaRESUMO
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that contain more than 200 nucleotides but do not code for proteins. In tumorigenesis, lncRNAs can have both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive properties. X inactive-specific transcript (XIST) is a known lncRNA that has been implicated in X chromosome silencing in female cells. Dysregulation of XIST is associated with an increased risk of various cancers. Therefore, XIST can be a beneficial prognostic biomarker for human malignancies. In this review, we attempt to summarize the emerging roles of XIST in human cancers.
Assuntos
MicroRNAs , Neoplasias , RNA Longo não Codificante , Humanos , Feminino , MicroRNAs/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro , Neoplasias/genética , CarcinogêneseRESUMO
Leukemia is defined as a heterogeneous group of hematological cancers whose prevalence is on the rise worldwide. Despite the large body of studies, the etiology of leukemia has not been fully elucidated. Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells that sustain the growth of the leukemic clone and are the main culprit for the maintenance of the neoplasm. In contrast to most leukemia cells, LSCs are resistant to chemo- and radiotherapy. Several recent studies demonstrated the altered expression profile of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in LSCs and shed light on the role of lncRNAs in the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of LSCs. LncRNAs are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that are implicated in several cellular and molecular processes such as gene expression, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. Likewise, lncRNAs have shown a prognostic marker in leukemia patients and represent novel treatment options. Herein, we review the current knowledge concerning lncRNAs' implication in the pathogenesis of LSCs and discuss their prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic potential.