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The study was carried out in dairy cows to elucidate whether treatment of clinical mastitis quarters with Spectramast® LC (ceftiofur hydrochloride, 125 mg, Zoetis) created a reason for discarding milk from adjacent untreated healthy quarters. The antibiotic was infused once daily in the affected mammary quarter for four days. Forty-nine cows were evaluated after diagnosis of clinical mastitis in three or fewer udder quarters. In all cases, quarters that did not receive treatment had milk samples collected one day after the end of treatment. All milk samples from untreated quarters were below the maximum permissible limit for the presence of antibiotic residues after analysis with the BetaStar S Combo test. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics may explain this finding. We conclude that it is feasible to use milk from untreated quarters of animals that have been treated with Spectramast® LC. We also reiterate the need to carry out tests with other pharmacological bases, and that the results found in this experiment cannot be extrapolated to other drugs.Dairy cattle have considerable importance in the development of the Brazilian economy, being directly linked to economic and social progress. In the first half of 2020, 12.1 billion liters of milk were produced in Brazil and in 2019, there was a new record of 25.01 billion liters produced (IBGE, 2020). This production comes from a wide variety of production systems, coming from smallholder farmers as well as from large companies that use the latest technologies available on the market. Dairy production is a complex activity. For one to obtain economical success, several aspects must be monitored. Maintaining the health of animals is a top priority, and the literature suggests that various diseases are a common challenge for dairy producers. Mastitis is the main disease that affects dairy cows, responsible for considerable economic loss and significant zootechnical and productive challenges (Ruegg, ). It is considered the second leading cause of cow culling in dairy herds, behind reproductive problems. Mastitis is characterized by infection of the mammary gland and may or may not occur with inflammation, generating changes in the mammary tissue and properties of the milk. It is classifield into clinical or subclinical mastitis, according to presence or absence of clinical signs, and into contagious or environmental based on the causative agent (Correa et al., ).

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INTRODUÇÃO: A maioria dos estudos epidemiológicos sobre doença cardiovascular baseia-se em modelos masculinos, e seus resultados têm sido extrapolados para a população feminina. Contudo, observa-se que as mulheres possuem peculiaridades relacionadas à doença arterial coronária e cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (CRM). OBJETIVO: Análise das características clínicas, resultados e sobrevida em mulheres que realizaram a CRM isolada antes dos 45 anos de idade. MÉTODOS: Análise transversal de 91 pacientes do sexo feminino que foram consecutivamente submetidas à CRM isolada no período de 1999 a 2011 com base no banco de dados de hospital terciário especializado em cardiologia na última década. Análise Estatística: Medidas quantitativas foram descritas por média, mediana e desvio padrão. Curva de sobrevida através de Kaplan-Meier. RESULTADOS: No período analisado 91 pacientes do sexo feminino foram submetidas a cirurgia, sendo a idade média de 41,9 anos (DP 3,4 anos) e mediana de 43 anos; portadoras de hipertensão arterial (82,4%), diabetes melitus (31,9%), tabagismo (41,8%), história familiar positiva (30,8%), infarto prévio (57,1%). A maioria era triarterial (35,2%), lesão de tronco presente em 20,9%, lesão uniarterial (14,3%) e biarterial (29,7%). Na fase hospitalar, ocorreram 4 óbitos. Principais complicações relacionadas foram infarto perioperatório (6,6%), síndrome de baixo débito (7,7%), arritmia (5,5%). A curva de sobrevida em 10 anos neste grupo foi de 88%. O tempo médio de acompanhamento das pacientes pós-cirurgia foi de 5,5 anos. O tempo máximo de seguimento foi de 23 anos. CONCLUSÃO: População exclusivamente feminina com DAC grave apresentou evolução tardia satisfatória após CRM. Entender as características clínicas e os possíveis fatores relacionados à morbimortalidade após cirurgia são essenciais para tecer estratégias em busca de melhores resultados.

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As clostridioses são infecções comuns em rebanhos bovinos, causadas por microrganismos do gênero Clostridium e que afetam principalmente animais mais jovens. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar a evolução clínica e tratamento de um bovino acometido com carbúnculo sintomático. A paciente não apresentava histórico vacinal para clostridiose, e pertencia a um lote de animais em que já haviam ocorrido três mortes súbitas em curto período de tempo. Na avaliação física do animal em decúbito esternal, foram constatados sinais clínicos típicos de carbúnculo sintomático, edema e crepitação em membro pélvico e região escapular, além de claudicação quando colocado em estação. Também foi observado edema na região da cabeça, porém este sinal clínico não é frequentemente relatado em literatura científica. Mesmo com prognóstico desfavorável devido à manifestação grave da doença e grande parte das pesquisas mostrarem taxa de letalidade de quase 100%, optou-se pela tentativa de realizar as medidas terapêuticas necessárias. Foi realizado tratamento suporte e administração de fármacos, destacando-se a antibioticoterapia com penicilina. Além disso, também foi conduzido o procedimento cirúrgico por meio de confecção de incisões na pele e no subcutâneo do membro afetado (método ainda não descrito na literatura científica) com objetivo de reduzir a proliferação do Clostridium. Após 32 dias de tratamento, o animal obteve a cura clínica completa. As medidas terapêuticas foram suficientes para recuperar da saúde da paciente.

Clostridial diseases are common infections in cattle herds, caused by microorganisms of the genus Clostridium that mainly affect younger animals. This study aims to report the clinical evolution and treatment of a bovine affected with symptomatic blackleg. The patient had no vaccination history for clostridial disease and belonged to a group of animals in which three sudden deaths had already occurred in a short time. In the physical evaluation of the animal in sternal recumbency, typical clinical signs of blackleg, edema and crackling in the pelvic limb and scapular region and lameness when placed in the station were determined. Edema was also observed in the head region, but this clinical sign is not frequently reported in the scientific literature. Even with an unfavorable prognosis due to the severe manifestation of the disease and a large part of the studies showing a lethality rate of almost 100%, it was decided to try to carry out the necessary therapeutic methods. Support treatment and drug administration were performed, especially antibiotic therapy with penicillin. In addition, a surgical procedure was carried out by making incisions in the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the affected limb (a method not yet described in the scientific literature) to reduce the proliferation of Clostridium. After thirty-two days of treatment, the animal got a complete clinical cure. Therapeutic measures were sufficient to recover the patient's health.

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Injúrias relacionadas a interação animal/estrutura podem ser encontradas em sistema de confinamento Free-Stall. O hematoma de barbela pode estar relacionado a uma lesãoporcontato sofrido pelo animal com o tronco limitador da cama do Free-Stall no momentoemque ele deita para descansar. O objetivo do presente relato é descrever ummétododediagnóstico e tratamento utilizado em uma fêmea leiteira que apresentou aumento de volumelocalizado na região da barbela. Um bovino ½ HZ, fêmea, primípara, comaproximadamente60 dias em lactação (DEL), acomodada em sistema de confinamento Free-Stall e provenientede fazenda localizada no município de Lavras ­ MG apresentou aumento de volume na regiãoda barbela, sem mais nenhuma manifestação clínica. Durante o exame físico, identificou-seapresença de líquido na região edemaciada da barbela, próximo a região do peito. Foi realizadoexame ultrassonográfico e descartada a presença de pus. Com isso, foi feita uma punçãoguiada por ultrassom no local e confirmado a presença de sangue. Comesses resultados, confirmou-se o diagnóstico de hematoma e determinou-se a etiologia: lesão de contatodoanimal com o limitador da contenção da cama. Foi realizado o tratamento e houverecuperação significativa do animal. A punção guiada por ultrassomproporcionouaverificação da composição do líquido e comprovou a utilidade do exame ultrassonográfico, que foi de extrema importância para o relato.(AU)

Injuries related to animal/structure interaction can be found in Free-Stall confinement systems. The dewlap hematoma may be related to an injury caused by contact suffered by the animal with the restraint structure of the Free-Stall's liyng when it lies down to rest. The objectiveofthe present report is to describe a method of diagnosis and treatment used in a dairy cattle that presented an increase in volume located in the region of the dewlap. A primiparous female ½ HZ cow, with approximately 60 days in milk (DIM), accommodated in a Free-Stall confinement system and coming from a farm located in the municipality of Lavras - MG, presented an increase in volume in the dewlap region, without any further clinical manifestation. During the physical exam, the presence of fluid was identified in the swollenregion of the dewlap, close to the chest region. Ultrasound examination was performedandthe presence of pus was ruled out. Thus, an ultrasound-guided puncture was performedat thesite and the presence of blood was confirmed. With these results, the diagnosis of hematomawas confirmed and the etiology was determined: contact injury of the animal with the restraint structure of the lying. The treatment was carried out and there was a significant recoveryofthe animal. The ultrasound-guided puncture provided the verification of the liquidcomposition and proved the utility of the ultrasound examination, which was extremely important for this report.(AU)

En los sistemas de confinamiento Free-Stall pueden encontrarse lesiones relacionadas conlainteracción entre el animal y la estructura. El hematoma de la papada puede estar relacionadocon una lesión por contacto sufrida por el animal con el tronco limitador de la cama deFree-Stall al acostarse para descansar. El objetivo del presente informe es describir un métododediagnóstico y tratamiento utilizado en una hembra lechera que presentaba una inflamaciónlocalizada en la región de la papada. Un bovino ½ HZ, hembra, primípara, conaproximadamente 60 días de lactancia (DDL), alojada en un sistema de confinamientoFree-Stall y proveniente de una hacienda localizada en el municipio de Lavras - MGpresentóunaumento de volumen en la región de la papada, sin ninguna otra manifestaciónclínica. Durante el examen físico, se identificó la presencia de líquido en la región hinchadadelapapada, cerca de la región del pecho. Se realizó un examen ultrasonográfico y se descartólapresencia de pus. Con esto, se realizó una punción guiada por ultrasonido en el lugar yseconfirmó la presencia de sangre. Con estos resultados, se confirmó el diagnósticodehematoma y se determinó la etiología: lesión por contacto del animal con el limitador delacama. El tratamiento se llevó a cabo y hubo una recuperación significativa del animal. Lapunción guiada por ultrasonido permitió verificar la composición del fluido y demostrólautilidad del examen ultrasonográfico, que fue sumamente importante para el informe.(AU)

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Vacas de alta produção de leite estão mais sujeitas a desequilíbrios metabólicos pós-parto, influenciando na performance reprodutiva subsequente. Alterações relacionadas a funcionalidade do ovário podem desencadear desequilíbrios hormonais e desordens reprodutivas, como a formação de cistos ovarianos, os quais podem interferir no processo de ovulação e impactar substancialmente na eficiência reprodutiva. Neste estudo de caso em específico, sete vacas leiteiras foram diagnosticadas com a presença de cistos foliculares ovarianos. Foram submetidas a terapia hormonal envolvendo o uso de análogos de Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotrofinas (GnRH) e prostaglandina-F2a (PGF-2a), a qual apresentou resultados satisfatórios. A abordagem terapêutica hormonal tem sido amplamente utilizada devido à sua efetividade na resolução dos cistos ováricos e melhoria da função reprodutiva. É fundamental que o médico veterinário tenha conhecimento clínico sobre a abordagem adequada de cistos ovarianos, a fim de proporcionar saúde e bem-estar aos animais, garantindo bons índices em produção de leite e desempenho reprodutivo.

High milk production cows are more likely to postpartum metabolic imbalances, which may influence subsequent reproductive performance. Changes in ovarian functionality can trigger hormonal alterations and reproductive disorders, such as the formation of ovarian cysts, which can interfere with the ovulation process and substantially impact reproductive efficiency. In this specific case study, seven dairy cows were diagnosed with the presence of ovarian follicular cysts. They were submitted to hormonal therapy involving the use of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) and prostaglandin F2a (PGF-2a) analogs, which presented satisfactory results. Hormonal therapeutic approaches have been widely employed due to their effectiveness in resolving ovarian cysts and improving reproductive function. It is essential for the veterinarian to have clinical knowledge about the appropriate management of ovarian cysts in order to provide the health and welfare of the animals, ensuring suitable rates in milk production and reproductive performance.

Las vacas de alta producción de leche tienen mayor probabilidad de desequilibrios metabólicos posparto, lo cual puede influir en el rendimiento reproductivo posterior. Los cambios en la funcionalidad ovárica pueden desencadenar alteraciones hormonales y trastornos reproductivos, como la formación de quistes ováricos, que pueden interferir en el proceso de ovulación y afectar sustancialmente la eficiencia reproductiva. En este estudio de caso específico, se diagnosticó la presencia de quistes foliculares ováricos en siete vacas lecheras. Se sometieron a terapia hormonal que incluyó el uso de análogos de Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropinas (GnRH) y prostaglandina F2α (PGF-2a), lo cual arrojó resultados satisfactorios. Los enfoques terapéuticos hormonales se han utilizado ampliamente debido a su efectividad en la resolución de quistes ováricos y la mejora de la función reproductiva. Es fundamental que el médico veterinario tenga conocimiento clínico sobre el manejo adecuado de los quistes ováricos para garantizar la salud y el bienestar de los animales, asegurando adecuadas tasas de producción de leche y rendimiento reproductivo.

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Elevadas taxas de descarte de vacas leiteiras relacionadas a baixos índices reprodutivos são observadas nos rebanhos comerciais. A utilização terapêutica de hormônios no intuito de induzir a lactação em animais hígidos é uma realidade. As doses hormonais utilizadas são elevadas e há a necessidade de experimentos que comprovem a possibilidade de redução. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desse projeto piloto foi reduzir as doses hormonais em vacas leiteiras submetidas a um protocolo de indução de lactação de 0,71mg/kg de peso vivo (PV) de benzoato de estradiol para 0,005mg/kg PV. Quatro vacas leiteiras receberam tratamento hormonal por 18 dias e iniciaram a lactação induzida após esse período. As vacas apresentaram produção de 32±4,3kg no pico lactacional induzido. A resposta lactacional das vacas foi considerada satisfatória e motivadora para experimentação de maior escala. Entretanto, são necessários estudos futuros que comprovem cientificamente o que foi encontrado nesse projeto piloto.

High culling rates of dairy cows related to low reproductive indices are found in commercial herds. The therapeutic use of hormones to induce lactation in healthy animals is a reality. The hormonal doses used are high and there is a need for experiments to prove the possibility of reduction. In this context, this study aimed to reduce the hormonal doses in dairy cows submitted to a lactation induction protocol from 0.71mg/kg of body weight (BW) of estradiol benzoate to 0.005mg/kg BW. Four dairy cows received hormone treatment for 18 days and started the induced lactation after this period. The cows had a production of 32±4.3kg at the induced lactational peak. The lactational response of the cows was considered satisfactory and motivating for larger scale experimentation. However, further studies are needed to scientifically prove what was observed in this pilot project.

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We report here for the first time a cocrystal of the so-called neutral calix[4]tube, which is two tail-to-tail-arranged and partially deprotonated tetrakis(carboxymethoxy)calix[4]arenes, including three sodium ions, with 2-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,3-benzothiazole, namely trisodium bis(carboxymethoxy)bis(carboxylatomethoxy)calix[4]arene tris(carboxymethoxy)(carboxylatomethoxy)calix[4]arene-2-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,3-benzothiazole-dimethyl sulfoxide-water (1/1/2/2), 3Na+·C36H30O122-·C36H31O12-·C11H7NS2·2C2H6OS·2H2O, which provides a new approach into the host-guest chemistry of inclusion complexes. Three packing polymorphs of the same benzothiazole with high Z' (one with Z' = 8 and two with Z' = 4) were also discovered in the course of our desired cocrystallization. The inspection of these polymorphs and a previously known polymorph with Z' = 2 revealed that Z' increases as the strength of intermolecular contacts decreases. Also, these results expand the frontier of invoking calixarenes as a host for nonsolvent small molecules, besides providing knowledge on the rare formation of high-Z' packing polymorphs of simple molecules, such as the target benzothiazole.

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We report a new polymorph of (1E,4E)-1,5-bis(4-fluorophenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one, C17H12F2O. Contrary to the precedent literature polymorph with Z' = 3, our polymorph has one half molecule in the asymmetric unit disordered over two 50% occupancy sites. Each site corresponds to one conformation around the single bond vicinal to the carbonyl group (so-called anti or syn). The other half of the bischalcone is generated by twofold rotation symmetry, giving rise to two half-occupied and overlapping molecules presenting both anti and syn conformations in their open chain. Such a disorder allows for distinct patterns of intermolecular C-H...O contacts involving the carbonyl and anti-oriented ß-C-H groups, which is reflected in three 13C NMR chemical shifts for the carbonyl C atom. Here, we have also assessed the cytotoxicity of three symmetric bischalcones through their in vitro antitumour potential against three cancer cell lines. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that this biological property increases as halogen electronegativity increases.

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We report a novel bright deep-blue-emitting crystal form based on a simple cadmium coordination polymer with an impressive external photoluminescence quantum yield of 75.4(9)%.

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BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated whether quality initiatives in the process of organ donation yield better results of the organ donation process. OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether the indicators of the organ donation process in Brazilian hospitals meet the standards established by the Organ Donation European Quality System (ODEQUS). DESIGN: We evaluated the quality of the organ donation in a selected group of Brazilian hospitals served by the Nucleus of Organ Procurement (NOP) using standards of the ODEQUS. RESULTS: Structural and process indicators had 100% conformity. Indicators of results showed a family consent rate of 61% (29% lower than ODEQUS goal); a conversion rate of potential donors to effective donors of 47% (28% below the goal); and a 12% rate of sudden cardiac arrest (higher than the quality limit). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the importance for the development of quality initiatives in identifying gaps and weaknesses in the process that should be corrected or even restructured, therefore maximizing the number of donors and organs transplanted. Hospitals that participate in the NOP process met 61% of the quality indicators proposed by ODEQUS. Identification of potential donors, family consent, conversion, and sudden cardiac arrest rates are areas that did not conform to ODEQUS standard and revealed a great opportunity for improvement.

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BACKGROUND: The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a simple, non-invasive, and inexpensive method used in the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and can identify individuals at risk for cardiovascular disease in other arteries of the body, especially the coronary and carotid arteries. The primary objective of this study was to assess whether patients with an ABI < 0.9 have more severe coronary artery disease detected on coronary angiography compared to patients with a normal ABI. METHODS: This is a prospective, analytical, cross-sectional study that was performed from July 1, 2013 to June 31, 2014 that recruited 163 patients (101 men (62%) and 62 women (38%)) according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients underwent coronary angiography, and then ABI measurements were performed. Pearson's Chi-square and Student's t-tests were used to compare variables between groups. The Poisson regression model was used to evaluate whether ABI was an independent predictor of stenoses > 50%. RESULTS: The prevalence of ABI < 0.9 was 9.8%. Patients with an ABI < 0.9 had a higher prevalence of stenoses ≥ 50% in the left anterior descendant (LAD) (68.7% vs. 36%, P = 0.02) and left main (8.7% vs. 0.6%, P < 0.001) than those with a normal ABI. On multivariate Poisson regression, an ABI < 0.9 was an independent predictor of stenosis ≥ 50% in the LAD (odds ratio (OR): 2.05 (1.39 - 3.04), P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with an ABI < 0.9 had a higher prevalence of stenoses ≥ 50% in the LAD and left main than those with a normal ABI. An abnormal ABI was an independent predictor of lesions ≥ 50% in LAD.