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The second external cause of death from unintentional injuries is falls in people over 60 and is a worldwide Public Health problem. Associated factors are identified early in Primary Health Care. Thus, we analyze professional narratives about older adults/old age and the organization of services in the presence of fall-inducing frailty. A structured narrative was applied under the following stages: understanding the context, setting/plot/character analysis, and interpretive synthesis. Data were collected from August to November 2022, distributing 21 health professionals in three Narrative Focus Groups. In the analyses, the collective conceptions dialogued with Bourdieu's Epistemology of field, habitus, and capital. Technical and common sense representations of older adults were simultaneously observed among the results, along with the belief of old age as a problematic life stage. Care is centered on the installed disease/ailment. Encouraging autonomy and self-care emerges in integrative health practices, which older adults underestimate. Professionals access the lives of older adults according to their habitus, which, in turn, is structured (structuring) in the disputes for installed capital. Thus, the care provided disregards subjectivities and symbolic systems associated with falls.

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The world has been dealing with Aids for forty years, covid-19 accentuated societal inequalities and promoted a rupture in care and prevention, including for people living with HIV. We compiled official HIV indicators, analyzed the impact of covid-19 in Brazil, at São Paulo State (SP), and compared it to the municipality of Santo André (in the state of São Paulo), which adopted linkage/retention strategies to mitigate the impact of covid-19. From 2019 to 2020, suppression/adhesion rates remained stable. The number of new treatments decreased both in Brazil (-19.75%) and São Paulo (-16.44%), but not in Santo André, where 80% of new patients started treatment within 30 days from their first TCD4 test (70% in São Paulo and 64% in Brazil). However, PrEP dispensing increased during this period. The distribution of 2,820 HIV self-tests in Santo André lead to only one documented new HIV diagnosis linked to care. Synergistic strategies to swiftly diagnose and connect new cases, ensuring retention as well as rescuing missing patients deserve priority in the fight against HIV, especially in times of covid-19.

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This article characterizes the different socioeconomic and demographic contexts regarding the use and access to dental services by Brazilian and African students at a Brazilian university of international nature. This is a cross-sectional, analytical, observational study with a quantitative approach, with data produced by 350 students from a public university in the state of Ceará. Sociodemographic and economic factors, participation in educational activities, self-perception of oral health, and use of dental services by academics were analyzed. The results obtained indicated that of the university students participating in the study, 74.0% had already used dental services, of which 57.43% were Brazilian and 42.57% international. There was a significant association between being a Brazilian academic and having already used dental services, having an income less than or equal to the minimum wage, and having used the public dental service. The determination of the prevalence of use of dental services and the different contexts of university students can assist in planning future actions in oral health that prioritize groups of university students with greater difficulties in the use and access of these services.

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BACKGROUND: Globally, stroke remains an important cause of death and long-term disability, and the impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the health system may have impaired stroke care. Previous studies suggest significant reduction in hospital admissions for stroke after COVID-19 onset as patients may hesitate seeking medical help due to fear of exposure. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included cases of hospital admissions for stroke, identified from the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde), which contains official and public data in Brazil. Data were collected in duplicate, then categorized according to the International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision (ICD-10), considering codes I60-I69. Linear regression was used to estimate the variation in hospital admissions for stroke in the city of São Paulo (SP) - the largest and most populous city in Brazil and Latin America, between January and June of each analyzed year (2017-2020). The percentage variation between June and January 2020 was also compared. The level of significance was set at 5%, and the statistical program used was Stata, version 14.0. RESULTS: In the city of SP, during the first wave of COVID-19, from January to June 2020, there were registered decreases in absolute numbers and mean monthly admissions for stroke. Compared to January 2020, data from June 2020 showed 17% reduction in hospitalizations for intracerebral hemorrhage, 32% for cerebral infarction, 26% for stroke unspecified, and 47% for other cerebrovascular diseases. CONCLUSION: We argue for policies aimed at improving stroke care and developing awareness campaigns regarding the importance of early diagnosis and treatment, as even in less severe presentations, stroke can trigger an increase in mortality, cost, and long-term disability.

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ABSTRACT The world has been dealing with Aids for forty years, covid-19 accentuated societal inequalities and promoted a rupture in care and prevention, including for people living with HIV. We compiled official HIV indicators, analyzed the impact of covid-19 in Brazil, at São Paulo State (SP), and compared it to the municipality of Santo André (in the state of São Paulo), which adopted linkage/retention strategies to mitigate the impact of covid-19. From 2019 to 2020, suppression/adhesion rates remained stable. The number of new treatments decreased both in Brazil (-19.75%) and São Paulo (-16.44%), but not in Santo André, where 80% of new patients started treatment within 30 days from their first TCD4 test (70% in São Paulo and 64% in Brazil). However, PrEP dispensing increased during this period. The distribution of 2,820 HIV self-tests in Santo André lead to only one documented new HIV diagnosis linked to care. Synergistic strategies to swiftly diagnose and connect new cases, ensuring retention as well as rescuing missing patients deserve priority in the fight against HIV, especially in times of covid-19.

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Cervical cancer is the second most common form of cancer in the world among women, and it is estimated to be the third most frequent cancer in Brazil, as well as the fourth leading cause of death from cancer. There is a difference in cervical cancer mortality rates among different administrative regions in Brazil along with an inadequate distribution of cancer centers in certain Brazilian regions. Herein, we analyze the trends in hospital admission and mortality rates for CC between 2000 and 2012. This population-based ecological study evaluated the temporal trend in cervical cancer between the years 2000 and 2012, stratifying by Brazilian administrative regions. The North and Northeast regions had no reduction in mortality in all age groups studied (25 to 64 years); when analyzing hospitalization rates, only the age group of 50 to 64 years from the North Region did not present a reduction. During the years studied, in the South Region, the age group ranging from 50 to 54 years had the greatest reduction in mortality rates (ß = -0.59, p = 0.001, r2 = 0.63), and the group ranging from 45 to 49 years had the greatest reduction in hospital admission rates (ß = -8.87, p = 0.025, r2 = 0.37). Between the years 2000 and 2012, the greatest reduction in the incidence of UCC was in the South Region (ß = -1.43, p = 0.236, r2 = 0.12) followed by the Central-West (ß = -1, p < 0.001, r2 = 0.84), the Southeast (ß = -0.95, p < 0.001, r2 = 0.88), the Northeast (ß = -0.67, p = 0.080, r2 = 0.25), and, finally, by the North (ß = -0.42, p = 0.157, r2 = 0.17). There was a greater reduction in mortality rates and global hospitalization rates for CC in Brazil than in the United States during the same period with exceptions only in Brazil's North and Northeast regions.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of risk factors on infant mortality in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo according to maternal and neonate characteristics, as well as mode of delivery. METHODS: An ecological, quantitative study based on secondary data retrieved from infant mortality and live birth data systems. Data from 39 municipalities located in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo were analyzed. Newborn and maternal variables were extracted from the Information Technology Department of the Unified Health System. Absolute and relative frequencies were presented, as well as linear regression and Pearson´s correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The following maternal profile prevailed from 2006 to 2016: 8 to 11 years of education (ß=73.58; p=0.023), age between 30 and 34 years (ß=19.04; p=0.015) and delivery by cesarean section (ß=39.59; p=0.009) after full-term pregnancy (ß=-14.20; p=0.324). Mortality rates decreased in neonates compared to other age groups (ß=-25.30; p<0.001). Infant mortality rates tended to be higher among women experiencing pre-term (r=0.86; p<0.001) or post-term (r=0.95; p<0.001) gestation. CONCLUSION: Maternal age and level of education increased among women giving birth in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo from 2006 to 2016. These were relevant factors for infant mortality rate reduction.

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ABSTRACT Objective To determine the impact of risk factors on infant mortality in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo according to maternal and neonate characteristics, as well as mode of delivery. Methods An ecological, quantitative study based on secondary data retrieved from infant mortality and live birth data systems. Data from 39 municipalities located in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo were analyzed. Newborn and maternal variables were extracted from the Information Technology Department of the Unified Health System. Absolute and relative frequencies were presented, as well as linear regression and Pearson´s correlation coefficient. Results The following maternal profile prevailed from 2006 to 2016: 8 to 11 years of education (β=73.58; p=0.023), age between 30 and 34 years (β=19.04; p=0.015) and delivery by cesarean section (β=39.59; p=0.009) after full-term pregnancy (β=-14.20; p=0.324). Mortality rates decreased in neonates compared to other age groups (β=-25.30; p<0.001). Infant mortality rates tended to be higher among women experiencing pre-term (r=0.86; p<0.001) or post-term (r=0.95; p<0.001) gestation. Conclusion Maternal age and level of education increased among women giving birth in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo from 2006 to 2016. These were relevant factors for infant mortality rate reduction.

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar a influência dos fatores de risco na mortalidade infantil da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, segundo as características da mãe e do neonato e o tipo de parto. Métodos Trata-se de estudo ecológico com abordagem quantitativa utilizando dados secundários dos sistemas de mortalidade infantil e nascidos vivos nos 39 municípios da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Variáveis do recém-nascido e maternas foram extraídas do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde, tendo sido apresentadas as frequências absoluta e relativa, bem como a regressão linear e o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Resultados No decênio, registraram-se perfil materno com escolaridade entre 8 e 11 anos (β=73,58; p=0,023) e idade materna entre 30 e 34 anos (β=١٩,٠٤; p=0,015). O parto mais evidenciado foi o cesáreo (β=39,59; p=0,009) e a duração da gestação mais apontada foi a termo (β=-14,20; p=0,324). O período pós-neonatal apresentou regressão nos óbitos comparado com as demais faixas etárias (β=-25,30; p<0,001). Ainda, mulheres no período gestacional consideradas pré-termo (r=0,86; p<0,001) e pós-termo (r=0,95; p<0,001) tiveram chances aumentadas na taxa de mortalidade infantil. Conclusão A faixa etária materna e o grau de escolaridade estão aumentando nas mulheres que tiveram filhos na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, no período de 2006 a 2016. Isso também demonstra relevância na redução da taxa de mortalidade infantil.

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AIMS: To identify the strategies for the prevention of burnout syndrome in nurses; and discuss the results for future interventions that can decrease burnout in these professionals. DESIGN: An integrative review of the literature. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Lilacs, Medline, Scielo, and Science Direct, from April 2018 to July 2018. METHODS: The sources were in all 553 references were found. The following guiding question was: Which interventions for the prevention of burnout in nurses have been applied and have obtained high effectiveness? RESULTS: Based on the inclusion and exclusion factors, 30 studies were selected for analysis. The studies were categorized in individual, group and organizational, being the studies with actions in groups those of greater prevalence. CONCLUSION: The actions used to cope with burnout were, for the most part, effective, with some demonstrating greater success than others. From the 30 reviewed studies, the results did not obtain satisfactory improvement in burnout in only three interventions: 1) Systematic nursing supervision; 2) Basic nursing care; and 3) Psycho-oncological training program.

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Abstract Objective: Analyze Home Care (AD) contribution to the consolidation of Health Care Networks(RAS) from the viewpoint of professionals and elderly users. Method: Qualitative research, through a semi-structured questionnaire, was carried out.Six professionals were included, by draw, each of them from an occupational category of Home Care Service in Sao Caetano do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil, and also 34 users aged over 60 years-old, conscious and oriented, engaged for, at least one year to AD, carrying HAS and DM simultaneously. Results: Subjects' profile - six professionals, five of them with higher education and one with technical education; average age 39, working in Home Care for approximately two years. Users were predominantly women, aged from 60 to 69 years-old, mostly married and with primary education. Data were categorized: Integrality of Health Care; Home Care and access to other health services; Training and skills in Home Care. It was observed integration among professionals of the sector, valuing biopsychosocial context and guiding actions in the care process. However, deficiency in intersectional articulation was detected. Conclusion: Co-responsibility, training and professional skills were related to an efficient service. Results showed that a humanized approach, bonding, and the effective participation of caregivers and families favor the execution of a therapeutic project and rehabilitation. Home care interconnects RAS points: de-hospitalization guides health care flow. Nevertheless, RAS members' awareness of Home Care practice, professional training and empowerment of caregivers should be improved.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a contribuição da Atenção Domiciliar (AD) para a construção das Redes de Atenção à Saúde (RAS) sob a óptica de profissionais e de usuários idosos. Método: Investigação qualitativa, aplicando roteiro semiestruturado. Foram incluídos seis profissionais, através de sorteio, sendo um de cada categoria do Serviço de Atenção Domiciliar de São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo, Brasil e 34 usuários maiores de 60 anos, conscientes e orientados, com acompanhamento mínimo de um ano pela AD e portadores de Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) e Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Resultados: Descrevem o perfil dos sujeitos - seis profissionais que atuam na AD, cinco de nível superior e um de ensino técnico; média de 39 anos; atuando no serviço há aproximadamente dois anos. Nos usuários, predominam: faixa etária de 60 a 69 anos; mulheres; ensino fundamental; casados. Os dados estão categorizados em: Integralidade dos Cuidados em Saúde; AD e o acesso aos demais serviços de saúde; Equipe interdisciplinar, Capacitação e habilidades em AD. Constatou-se integração entre profissionais, valorizando o contexto biopsicossocial e ações norteadoras do processo do cuidar, promovendo troca de saberes. Foi detectada deficiência na articulação intersetorial. Conclusão: Corresponsabilização, capacitação e habilidades dos profissionais relacionam-se com atendimento eficiente. Abordagem humanizada, vínculo e participação de cuidadores e familiares otimizam projeto terapêutico e reabilitação. AD interliga pontos das RAS: desospitalização norteia fluxo assistencial. Contudo, conscientização dos integrantes das RAS quanto à prática da AD, capacitação profissional e empoderamento de cuidadores devem ser aprimorados.

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INTRODUCTION: This study characterized the clinico-epidemiological profile of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) cases in Barbalha, Ceará State, Brazil. METHODS: Medical records of 363 patients visiting Federal University of Cariri between 2009 and 2014 were analyzed. RESULTS: ACL was more prevalent in men with low education level from rural zones. The main presentation was a single ulcer, mainly in the lower limbs, and 49.8% also presented lymphadenomegaly. The annual incidence ranged from 2.83 to 22.60 per 10,000 inhabitants. CONCLUSIONS: The rates observed in this study indicate the importance of additional research to contribute to the control of this endemic disease.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION This study characterized the clinico-epidemiological profile of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) cases in Barbalha, Ceará State, Brazil. METHODS Medical records of 363 patients visiting Federal University of Cariri between 2009 and 2014 were analyzed. RESULTS ACL was more prevalent in men with low education level from rural zones. The main presentation was a single ulcer, mainly in the lower limbs, and 49.8% also presented lymphadenomegaly. The annual incidence ranged from 2.83 to 22.60 per 10,000 inhabitants. CONCLUSIONS: The rates observed in this study indicate the importance of additional research to contribute to the control of this endemic disease.

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INTRODUCTION: Studies about mental disorders are very rare in the Northeast of Brazil, especially when psychopathologies in children and adolescents are considered. The consequence is a small availability of data and an absence of a real epidemiological profile. METHODS: This is a systematic review with meta-analysis, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol, in the period from 2003 to 2015, using the databases LILACS, SciELO and BVS. The analysis comprised the keywords 'models of primary and secondary healthcare in mental health', 'psychiatric reform' and 'policies and services in mental health', using the Boolean operator '# AND'. Original texts based on secondary data from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified Health System were also included via the Citizen Electronic Record System, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, and Ministry of Health. Grey literature was used by means of hand searching. RESULTS: A combined analysis of the strategies mentioned in the analyzed articles shows a combined odds ratio of 1.291 (confidence interval (CI) = 1.054-1.582), thus it demonstrates the efficacy of using such strategies in the elaboration of institutional apparatus in mental health. The p-value of the chi-square distribution resulted in .9753, which does not reject the hypothesis of association between strategies in mental health and possible development of institutional apparatus in mental health. CONCLUSIONS: A combined analysis of all strategies mentioned in the analyzed studies shows efficacy of using strategies to elaborate institutional apparatus in mental health.

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Tendo em vista os problemas inerentes à atenção primária a saúde, o Governo Federal implantou o Programa Mais Médicos para o Brasil em busca de melhoria na assistência e do acesso à atenção primária a saúde com vistas de proporcionar qualidade de vida aos usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde -SUS através da prevenção e promoção da saúde. Este estudo visou identificar os impactos causados pela implementação do Programa Mais Médicos em um município do sertão central nordestino. O estudo foi constituído a partir da análise estatística dos indicadores registrados no Sistema de informação da Atenção Básica SIAB. Os dados foram processados no software Stata®, na versão 11.0, onde, a partir da análise estatística descritiva, os resultados foram analisados e apresentados em tabelas. O estudo identificou que a partir da implementação do Programa Mais Médicos houve um aumento considerável no número de consultas e atendimentos realizados pelos médicos, tendo destaque os atendimentos prestados aos pacientes portadores de tuberculose e hanseníase e impacto nas solicitações dos exames complementares que sofreu uma queda bastante considerável. Outro ponto identificado é o aumento de visitas domiciliares. Pode se realizar uma análise de forma geral de melhoria dos indicadores da saúde no município depois do Programa Mais Médicos implantado segundo resultados estatísticos apresentados.

Because of problems in Brazil’s primary health care attention, the Federal Government created the Mais Médicos Program. This Program comprises a series of actions intended to better assistance in the segment of primary health care attention and have the great responsibility to promote the life quality of the Brazilian national health system (SUS) users, and became possible through the health promotion and prevention. This study aims at identifying impacts that come out with the Mais Médicos Program implementation in a north east location county, through the analysis of statistical indicators registered in the basicattention information system (SIAB). The data were processed by software Stata 11.0 and are shown as descriptive statistics and tables. The work identified an important increase in numbers of medical appointments, given a special emphasis in medical appointments to tuberculosis and hanseniase suffers, as well as a decrease number in extras exams solicitations. Another point identified that deserves merit is the demand of home visit by the doctor. In this way can be perform, in a general form, an improvement of health indicators in the county after the Mais Médicos Program based on real statistics results.

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BACKGROUND: The relationship between users and health services is considered essential to strengthen the quality of care. However, the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender population suffer from prejudice and discrimination in access and use of these services. This study aimed to identify the difficulties associated with homosexuality in access and utilization of health services. METHOD: A systematic review conducted using PubMed, Cochrane, SciELO, and LILACS, considering the period from 2004 to 2014. The studies were evaluated according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criterias. Were included manuscripts written in English or Portuguese, articles examining the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender population's access to health services and original articles with full text available online. RESULTS: The electronic databases search resulted in 667 studies, of which 14 met all inclusion criteria. Quantitative articles were predominant, showing the country of United States of America to be the largest producer of research on the topic. The studies reveal that the homosexual population have difficulties of access to health services as a result of heteronormative attitudes imposed by health professionals. The discriminatory attendance implies in human rights violations in access to health services. CONCLUSIONS: The non-heterosexual orientation was a determinant factor in the difficulties of accessing health care. A lot must still be achieved to ensure access to health services for sexual minorities, through the adoption of holistic and welcoming attitudes. The results of this study highlight the need for larger discussions about the theme, through new research and debates, with the aim of enhancing professionals and services for the health care of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Persons.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A região do ABC, polo industrial da região metropolitana de São Paulo, em processo de envelhecimento populacional acelerado e aumento da expectativa de vida, com consequente mudança no perfil de morbimortalidade, tem implicado investimentos nos fatores determinantes do processo saúde-adoecimento-cuidado, com a implantação de inúmeros serviços públicos e privados de saúde nos últimos anos. A necessária formação de profissionais de saúde, em quantidade e qualidade, tem encontrado resposta na Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (FMABC), com diversos cursos de graduação superior na área da saúde. RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA: O desafio de formar profissionais para colaborar no processo de gestão dos equipamentos de saúde sob a responsabilidade da Fundação ABC (FUABC) e demandada por seus gestores foi enfrentado pela FMABC com a criação do Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Gestão Hospitalar. A primeira turma do curso foi implantada, em 2014, por vestibulandos selecionados/indicados por instituições de saúde mantidas pela FUABC. CONCLUSÃO: O perfil dos estudantes é bastante diferenciado em relação aos demais alunos de outros cursos da FMABC, em relação à idade, à formação de base, à inserção laboral e, sobretudo, à enorme vontade de adquirir novos conhecimentos para ascensão profissional e social. Isso implicou a adequação do plano pedagógico do curso ao perfil desses alunos, por meio do uso, por discentes, docentes e coordenação do curso, de metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem e de gestão participativa. Esse esforço foi coroado com uma baixa evasão escolar, sala de aula entusiasmada e um clima recíproco de tolerância, incentivo à criatividade e à mudança de postura.

INTRODUCTION: The ABC region is an industrial hub of the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil, presenting a rapid population aging and increased life expectancy. The profile of morbidity and mortality reflects investment in the determinants of the health-illness-care and consequent quality of healthcare for the population. These investments were provided by public and private institutions, reflecting the expansion of its outpatient, hospital and emergency network that has nearly tripled over the last years. The education of adequate human resources, in quantity and quality, has been answered by the ABC Region School of Medicine (FMABC), creating several undergraduate courses in health. CASE REPORT: The challenge of training qualified professionals to collaborate in the process of the management of health facilities under the responsibility of the ABC Foundation (FUABC) was accepted due the lack of professional managers. The Hospital Management of Technology Degree was created. The first class of the coursefilled, in 2014, mostly by selected school students and indicated by health institutions maintained by FUABC. CONCLUSION: The students selected presented a challenge because they were different in comparison to other students in relation to age, basic training, job placement and above all the strong desire to acquire new knowledge for professional and social development. This involved active teaching-learning methodologies andparticipatory management. This effort was followed after the first year of the course with a low school dropout, enthusiastic classroom, and a reciprocal tolerance, encouraging creativity and a change in attitude.

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BACKGROUND: Bipolar affective disorder is one of most injurious psychiatric diseases, not, rarely leading patient for suicide, and its prevalence keeps increasing worldwide, notably on low and, middle-income countries. For children living in northeast Brazil, extreme social conditions constitute, an environment of special vulnerability. OBJECTIVE: Here we show that bipolar disorder incidence, between children and adolescents in this Brazilian region increased 34.2% from 2005 to 2014 and, in, the same area and age group, deaths provoked by self-caused injuries also became progressively, greater. RESULTS: According to DATASUS, the Brazilian national databank for public health, information, in the last five years, we observed an increase of Bipolar Disorder incidence rates under, 19 year-old of about 34.2% in the northeast region of Brazil, while the increase for Brazilian general, population was 12.4%. If considered only patients under 10, this number is even greater, of 47.2%. Content of Table 2 shows this disproportion, while comparing the advance of bipolar disorder, morbidity indices nationwide and worldwide. CONCLUSION: Children living in Brazil's northeast, region are in a condition of extreme social disadvantage, what can be determinant for the recent and, sequential increase of bipolar disorder prevalence and the mortality in this age-group due to suicide, one of possible reflections of untreated mood disorders. For protecting these children is important to, identify the factors which prevent these illnesses and promote resilience for these young people.

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The present study investigated the predictors of an increased number of visits from individuals with some of the diagnoses noted in chapter F14 of ICD-10, from calls to the emergency psychiatric unit of a general hospital in São Paulo state, Brazil, in the period 2011-2012. Poisson regression models were carried out for the outcome variable, accounting for number of subsequent visits to the psychiatric emergency unit. For the analysis of this outcome we took into account the exposure time of each individual in the study. Our findings point to a population at risk for frequent psychiatric emergency service visits: individuals over 25 years. This population should be targeted for interventions on entry into public healthcare due to increased psychiatric morbidity and greater clinical morbidity already confirmed by previous studies. We discussed the need of these individuals for special attention during the clinical or psychiatric emergency consultation which, unfortunately, may be the access point for the public health system. None of the other variables were related to the outcome of interest, such as those related to the level of individual entry into the care network before and after treatment, and other variables related to medical acts during the visit.

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As an important public health issue, childhood depression deserves special attention, considering the serious and lasting consequences of the disease to child development. Taking this into consideration, the present study was based on the following question: what practical contributions to clinicians and researchers does the current literature on childhood depression have to offer? The objective of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of articles regarding childhood depression. To accomplish this purpose, a systematic review of articles on childhood depression, published from January 1, 2010 to November 24, 2012, on MEDLINE and SciELO databases was carried out. Search terms were "depression" (medical subject headings [MeSH]), "child" (MeSH), and "childhood depression" (keyword). Of the 180 retrieved studies, 25 met the eligibility criteria. Retrieved studies covered a wide range of aspects regarding childhood depression, such as diagnosis, treatment, prevention and prognosis. Recent scientific literature regarding childhood depression converge to, directly or indirectly, highlight the negative impacts of depressive disorders to the children's quality of life. Unfortunately, the retrieved studies show that childhood depression commonly grows in a background of vulnerability and poverty, where individual and familiar needs concerning childhood depression are not always taken into consideration. In this context, this review demonstrated that childhood-onset depression commonly leads to other psychiatric disorders and co-morbidities. Many of the retrieved studies also confirmed the hypothesis that human resources (eg, health care team in general) are not yet adequately trained to address childhood depression. Thus, further research on the development of programs to prepare health care professionals to deal with childhood depression is needed, as well as complementary studies, with larger and more homogeneous samples, centered on prevention and treatment of childhood depression.

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To deal with the suffering caused by childhood cancer, patients and their families use different coping strategies, among which, spirituality appears a way of minimizing possible damage. In this context, the purpose of the present study was to analyze the influence of spirituality in childhood cancer care, involving biopsychosocial aspects of the child, the family, and the health care team facing the disease. To accomplish this purpose, a nonsystematic review of literature of articles on national and international electronic databases (Scientific Electronic Library Online [SciELO], PubMed, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature [LILACS]) was conducted using the search terms "spirituality," "child psychology," "child," and "cancer," as well as on other available resources. After the search, 20 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final sample. Our review showed that the relation between spirituality and health has lately become a subject of growing interest among researchers, as a positive influence of spirituality in the people's welfare was noted. Studies that were retrieved using the mentioned search strategy in electronic databases, independently assessed by the authors according to the systematic review, showed that spirituality emerges as a driving force that helps pediatric patients and their families in coping with cancer. Health care workers have been increasingly attentive to this dimension of care. However, it is necessary to improve their knowledge regarding the subject. The search highlighted that spirituality is considered a source of comfort and hope, contributing to a better acceptance of his/her chronic condition by the child with cancer, as well as by the family. Further up-to-date studies facing the subject are, thus, needed. It is also necessary to better train health care practitioners, so as to provide humanized care to the child with cancer.