RESUMO
The state of Pará has recorded seven Leishmania species that cause tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL). Leishmania species induce distinct immunological responses from the host and exhibit resistance to Glucantime, the first-line drug treatment for TL in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: Identify the etiology of TL in an Amazonian city in the state of Pará. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eleven patients with TL were recruited and nasal swabs, lesion swabs, and skin fragments samples were collected. In the control group (n = 6), only the nasal swabs were collected. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification of the gene region hsp70-234 was performed using the extracted DNA from the samples, from which nine patients with TL and five in the control group were positive. Products were sequenced, mounted in CAP3 software, aligned using MAFFT v.7.221, edited in Geneious software v.8.1.7, and compared and aligned with sequences available in GenBank using the BLAST tool. RESULTS: For patients with TL, six molecular diagnosis at the species level (L. (Viannia) braziliensis (n = 5/9), L. (Viannia) shawi (n = 1/9)) and three at the genus level (Leishmania sp. (n = 3/9)) were obtained. In the control group, four individuals were infected with Leishmania sp. (n = 4/5) and L. (V.) shawi (n = 1/5). CONCLUSION: This is the first report of L. (V.) shawi infection in the mucosal secretion of a healthy person in Brazil. Moreover, genetic variants were identified in the haplotypes of L. (V.) braziliensis in the gene sequence hsp70-234.
Assuntos
Leishmania braziliensis , Leishmania , Leishmaniose Cutânea , Brasil , Humanos , Leishmania/genética , Leishmania braziliensis/genética , Leishmaniose Cutânea/diagnóstico , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the evolution of vitamin D levels (25OHD) in patients submitted to bariatric surgery. METHODS: Retrospective study, conducted with patients submitted to bariatric surgery between 2013 and 2018, in a city in the Northeast of Brazil. The variations of 25OHD, weight, body mass index (BMI), and total lymphocyte count were analyzed and compared for preoperative and postoperative periods of 6 and 12 months. Vitamin D levels below 30ng/mL were considered insufficient. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for repeated measures, followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. To identify variables related to vitamin D, Pearson's correlation test and linear regression analysis were used. A significance level of 5% (p <0.05) was adopted. RESULTS: A total of 646 patients were evaluated, with a mean age of 41.3 ± 10.8 years. Most of the patients were female (75%) and had 25OHD insufficiency in the preoperative period (79.1%). It was found that in the postoperative period there was an increase in vitamin D levels. Linear regression showed that the variation in vitamin D is negatively influenced by BMI in the preoperative period (ß = -0.20; p = 0.02) and by BMI (ß = -0.38; p <0.001) and by age (ß = -0.08; p = 0.02) in the 6-month postoperative period. CONCLUSION: There was an increase in vitamin D levels in the postoperative period. BMI proved to be a negative factor for obtaining adequate levels of vitamin D in the preoperative period and in the 6-month postoperative period.
Assuntos
Cirurgia Bariátrica , Obesidade Mórbida , Deficiência de Vitamina D , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Período Pós-Operatório , Estudos Retrospectivos , Vitamina D , Deficiência de Vitamina D/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The American cutaneous (CL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are zooanthroponoses transmitted by sand flies. Brazil records thousands of human leishmaniasis cases annually. Dogs are reservoirs of Leishmania infantum, which causes VL, but their role in the transmission cycle of CL is debatable. Wild mammals are considered reservoirs of the aetiological agents of CL (Leishmania spp.). OBJECTIVE: To describe the aetiology of leishmaniasis in dogs in an endemic area for CL and VL in the Amazon, Brazil. METHODS: Clinical evaluation and blood collection of 40 dogs from the villages Ubim (20) and Socorro (20), city of Tomé-Açu, state of Pará, were carried out. The DNA extracted from the blood was used for PCR with Leishmania-specific primers targeting the hsp70-234 gene sequence. Products were sequenced (ABI3500XL), and the sequences were aligned, edited (BioEdit), and analyzed (Blastn). RESULTS: Of the 34 amplified samples, 21 were sequenced, namely Leishmania infantum (12), L. guyanensis (5), L. braziliensis (3), and Leishmania sp. (01). CONCLUSION: Given the diversity of circulating pathogens, elucidation of the role of the dog in the Leishmania spp. cycle in Amazonian villages is imperative to the surveillance of CL in the region. We present the first report in Brazil, confirmed by sequencing, of canine infection by L. guyanensis, a species highly resistant to treatment in humans, with the drug of first choice (Glucantime®).
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Leishmania guyanensis , Leishmaniose , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cidades , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Cães , Leishmania/classificação , Leishmania/genética , Leishmania guyanensis/genética , Leishmaniose/epidemiologia , Leishmaniose/parasitologia , Leishmaniose/veterináriaRESUMO
Aims: Maternal low-protein diet induces several impairments on cardiac system. Conversely, moderate exercise has been widely recommended to health improvement due to its effects on heart function. Thus, we investigated whether the moderate physical training is capable to offset the lasting injuries of a maternal protein restriction on the hearts of male adult rats. Methods: Pregnant rats were divided into two groups: Control (C=17% casein) and undernutrition (U=8% casein). Offspring from the undernutrition group, at 60 days of life, were subdivided into undernutrition (U) and undernutrition+exercise (UT) groups. Treadmill exercise was performed: (8 weeks, 5 days/week, 60 min/day at 70% of VO2máx). 48 hours after last exercise session, tissues were collected for morphological and biochemical analysis. Results Despite the deleterious effect induced by low-protein diet, physical training was able to restore morphological parameters to similar levels to the control group. Additionally, oxidative stress index was also improved in UT group, due to the increase in antioxidant enzymatic defense. In metabolic enzymes, maternal low-protein diet induced a change in metabolism, and moderate physical training improved oxidative metabolism. Conclusion: We demonstrated that moderate physical training can offset the cardiac metabolism in adult rats that were exposed to a maternal low-protein diet.(AU)