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Constructivism is used as a powerful theoretical outlook to support teaching, learning, and curriculum in physical education and sport. The Constructivist Teaching Practices Inventory in Elementary Physical Education (CTPI-EPE) is a valid instrument for assessing in-service teachers. However, there is a need to translate constructivist teaching practices for PE into other languages. This study examined the validity of the Portuguese version of the adapted CTPI-EPE for Brazilian physical education preservice teachers (PST). The sample comprised of 869 physical education PSTs from Brazil. Data were collected through an online form. Aiken's V was used to examine content validity, and Bayesian methods used for exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed adequate content and internal structure of the translated and adapted questionnaire. This study highlighted the validity of the Portuguese version of the CTPI-EPE, which could be considered an important instrument for self-reflection by PSTs, and provide information for improved training in higher education toward constructivist teaching.

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BACKGROUND: Early sport specialization has increased its popularity mostly based on the deliberate practice theory premises. In this study, we examined the influence of the age of onset of deliberate basketball practice on body size, functional performance (countermovement jump, line drill and yo-yo intermittent recovery level 1), motivation for achievement and competitiveness, motivation for deliberate practice and sources of enjoyment among young Brazilian basketball players. In addition, we adjusted for the influence of gender, age group, maturity status and state basketball federation on the outcomes. METHODS: The sample included 120 female and 201 male adolescent basketball players aged 14.0 (1.7) years, on average. We grouped players by the age of onset of deliberate basketball practice as related to biologic maturation milestones (pre-puberty deliberate practice onset, mid-puberty deliberate practice onset and late-puberty deliberate practice onset). RESULTS: There was no substantial variation among contrasting players by the onset of deliberate practice in all of the outcomes. Adjusting for gender, male players with late-puberty deliberate practice onset had better functional performance than players with pre- and mid-puberty onset of practice. Females players with late-puberty deliberate practice onset had slightly worst functional performance than players with pre- and mid-puberty onset of practice. CONCLUSIONS: Early deliberate basketball practice does not appear to provide an advantage for the development of physiological functions. Likewise, enjoyment, motivation for deliberate practice and motivation for achievement and competition do not appear to be negatively influenced by early deliberate basketball practice. The debate about the relationship between time spent in deliberate practice and performance development in young athletes will need to emphasize the coaching pedagogical quality and the training environment and account for informal practice and deliberate play.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the variation in accumulated basketball training experience, body size, functional performance, deliberate practice motivation, achievement and competitiveness motivation and sources of enjoyment among young female basketball players, partitioning the potential variation by individuals´ biological characteristics (menarche status) and contextual characteristics (competitive age group and competitive level). We considered 114 adolescent female basketball players aged 14.3 (1.8) years. We used multilevel regression and poststratification estimations. The adolescent female basketball players selected for state-level had more accumulated experience, were taller and with better functional performance. Conditional on the data, youth female coaches tend to value (probably overvalue) size and function when selecting/promoting players, even at early age groups, likely contributing to an overrepresentation of early maturing girls in at early age groups. Players from club- and state-level were similarly highly motivated for deliberate practice and to achievement. Only for competitiveness, state-level players had higher values than club level players. The sources of enjoyment were influenced by context (competitive levels) for self-referenced competencies and others-referenced competencies. Structured programs of training and competition in youth female basketball provide a nurturing environment for the development of players´ engagement and commitment to training and excellence attainment.

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Using an interdisciplinary approach, we examined the baseline variation in biological maturity status, training experience, body size, functional capacities (Line Drill test and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 1 test) and motivation for achievement, competitiveness and deliberate practice of youth basketball players according to their participation status in the sport two years after assessment. Fifty-seven players were considered (10.5 to 15.5 years). Two years later we ascertained whether players discontinued participation (dropout), or remained playing engaged within a structured basketball training program. Taller adolescent players were more likely to be selected/promoted in youth basketball regardless of their lower functional capacity. Achievement and competitiveness motivation (will to excel and competitiveness) were related to dropping out or persisting in this sample of youth basketball players. Overall, there is a need to consider the interaction between physical growth, biological maturation, functional capacities and behavioural characteristics, specifically among players on the path to sport expertise.

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In this study, we examined the probability of coaches' survival in the top Brazilian professional football championship considering variation across the competitive seasons between 2012 and 2017, considering a multilevel framework. We also considered whether previous coaching experience in the top Brazilian professional football championship would change the probability of coaches' survival across the season. The data considered 4,560 games from the top professional Brazilian football league (Campeonato Brasileiro Série A) between the 2012 and 2017 seasons. At the start of each season, the coach from each team was followed, being recorded at the time the event occurred, i.e., the coach being sacked. A total survival of 120 coaches was considered between the seasons of 2012 and 2017, i.e., 20 coaches at the beginning of each season. Coaches were assigned as novice (no previous experience as head coach in the top Brazilian championship) or experienced (with at least some previous experience as head coach in the top Brazilian championship). Data were available and extracted from the official website of the Brazilian Football Confederation. On average and considering un-pooled observations, the median life of a coach was about 16.5 rounds. Considering variation between 2012 and 2017 seasons, only about 26.3% (95% CI: 18.2-36.1) of the coaches ended a season without being sacked. By mid-season, at round 19, the probability of coaches' survival was 0.42 (95% CI: 0.32-0.53). Variation between season on survival estimates per round was substantial (between-season standard deviation = 0.48, 95% credible intervals: 0.25-0.95; corresponding to an inverse logit = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.56-0.72). There was no substantial variation between novice and experienced coaches' survival probability. The present results expose the vulnerability of the coaching context in Brazilian football, potentially highlighting an excessive emphasis on short-term results to mediate club management decisions.

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Abstract Considering agility is a prerequisite for basketball performance and several agility tests have been used during the pre-draft assessment of the National Basketball Association (NBA), the aimed of this study was to examine the associations between pre-draft athletes´ performance scores in NBA draft combine testing protocol. The performance of 480 athletes invited to the NBA pre-draft assessment from 2010 to 2017 was considered. Tests in the NBA Draft Combine considered in this study included the Shuttle Run Test, Lane Agility Test, Sprint Test, and Jump Test (standing vertical leap). Zero order correlations were calculated to examine the associations between performance tests by fitting Bayesian linear regression models. Among running testing, both Shuttle Run Test [r=0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34 to 0.56) and Sprint Test (r=0.45, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.54) were moderately associated with the Lane Agility Test. The association between the Sprint Test and Shuttle Run Test was moderate at best (r=0.27, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.38). Correlations between Jump Test and running tests were moderate to large, ranging from -0.51 to -0.19 (Lane Agility Test: r=-0.33, 95% CI -0.42 to -0.24; Shuttle Run Test: r=-0.19, 95% CI -0.31 to -0.07; Sprint Test: r=-0.51, 95% CI -0.59 to -0.43). As a conclusion, we found a moderate to large correlations between the tests performance of the NBA Draft Combine, implying that the overall procedures may provide in part overlapping information about basketball maximal short term performance.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar as associações entre os escores de desempenho dos atletas no Pre-Draft Combine da NBA. Foram examinados os desempenhos de 480 atletas nas avaliações do Pre-draft Combine da NBA de 2010 a 2017. Os testes do Draft Combine considerados incluíram o Shuttle Run Test, o Lane Agility Test, o Sprint Test e o Jump Test (salto vertical em pé). Correlações de ordem zero foram calculadas para examinar as associações entre os testes de desempenho através da adequação de modelos de regressão linear Bayesiana. Entre os testes de corrida, tanto o teste Shuttle Run (r = 0,45, intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95% 0,34 a 0,56) e teste de Sprint (r = 0,45, IC 95% 0,37 a 0,54) foram moderadamente associados com o Teste Lane Agility. A associação entre o Sprint Test e o Shuttle Run Test foi de moderada para alta (r = 0,27, IC 95% 0,16 a 0,38). As correlações entre o Teste de Salto e os testes de corrida foram de moderada a grande, variando de -0,51 a -0,19 (Lane Agility Test: r = -0,33, IC 95% -0,42 a -0,24; Teste Shuttle Run: r = -0,19, IC 95% -0,31 a -0,07; Teste de Sprint: r = -0,51, IC 95% -0,59 a -0,43). Assim, foi verificado uma correlação de moderada a grande entre o desempenho dos testes do Draft Combine da NBA, o que indica que os procedimentos gerais podem fornecer, parcialmente, informações sobrepostas sobre o desempenho máximo de curto prazo do basquetebol.

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O objetivo deste estudo empírico, descritivo e associativo foi analisar a associação entre o nível de desempenho técnico-tático de atletas de categorias de base de basquetebol feminino e suas posições específicas. As participantes foram 49 atletas de equipes de base pertencentes a um clube de basquetebol catarinense, envolvido em diferentes categorias do campeonato estadual de Santa Catarina/Brasil. Realizou-se a coleta de dados por meio de observação estruturada do desempenho técnico-tático das atletas, resultando na análise de 27.420 ações de jogo. Os dados foram transcritos em fichas sistemáticas de registro, com base no Instrumento de Avaliação do Desempenho Técnico-Tático Individual no Basquetebol (IAD-BB), e analisados a partir das componentes adaptação, tomada de decisão e eficácia. O tratamento estatístico envolveu a utilização de recursos descritivos (frequência simples e percentual) e inferenciais (teste Qui-quadrado) no programa SPSS 23, adotando-se o nível de 5% de significância para a interpretação dos resultados. A avaliação geral e por categorias competitivas evidenciaram que as atletas, independentemente da posição, apresentaram os percentuais mais elevados de desempenho adequado na componente eficácia e os mais baixos na adaptação. Evidenciou-se, ainda, que as armadoras apresentaram desempenhos superiores nas três componentes, enquanto o desempenho das pivôs chamou a atenção pelos percentuais mais elevados de desempenho inadequado na componente eficácia, em comparação às alas e às armadoras. Para o avanço da área de análise de jogo no basquetebol, recomenda-se a realização de estudos que investiguem a relação entre os fundamentos de jogo e as posições específicas em que os atletas atuam, assim como outros fatores que podem estar associados à eficácia, além da tomada de decisão e da adaptação...(AU)

The purpose of this empirical, descriptive and associative study was to analyze the association between the level of technical-tactical performance of youth female basketball athletes and their specific positions. Participants were 49 athletes of youth basketball teams belonging to a basketball club from Santa Catarina state/Brazil enrolled in u-13, u-14, u-16 and u-18 categories of the Santa Catarina state championship. Data were collected through a structured observation of the athletes' technical-tactical performance, resulting in 27,420 game actions. Data were transcribed in systematic record sheets, based on the Instrument for Assessment of Individual Technical-Tactical Performance in Basketball (IAD-BB), and analyzed from the components adaptation, decision making, and efficacy. Statistical treatment involved the use of descriptive (simple frequency and percentage) and inferential (Chi-square test) resources in the SPSS 23 program, adopting the level of significance of 5% for results interpretation. General and specific evaluation by competitive categories showed that, regardless of their position, athletes presented the highest percentages of adequate performance in efficacy, and the lowest in adaptation. It was also evidenced that the point guards presented superior performances in the three components, while the centers' performance caught attention by the higher percentages of efficacy's inadequate performance, in comparison to the point guards and small forwards. In order to advance the field of game analysis in basketball, it is recommended to carry out studies that investigate the relationship between the basketball technical-tactical skills and the specific positions in which athletes play, as well as other factors that may be associated with efficacy, besides decision-making and adaptation...(AU)

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Este estudo foi delineado a partir da Teoria Ecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano e buscou identificar os elementos do microssistema que contribuem para o processo de desenvolvimento de atletas de basquetebol. Participaram da investigação 31 atletas do sexo feminino e dois treinadores vinculados às categorias de formação de um Clube de Basquete do estado de Santa Catarina. A coleta das informações foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, as quais foram observadas a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo do tipo categorial. Os resultados revelaram que as atividades molares vivenciadas pelas atletas de basquetebol correspondem tanto ao treinamento físico quanto ao treinamento técnico-tático, possuindo ambos persistência temporal e significado para treinadores e atletas. As relações interpessoais são vistas como sendo de fundamental importância para o sucesso do contexto no desenvolvimento das atletas e em competições de categorias de base; evidenciou-se que especialmente as díades observacionais e de atividade conjunta (reciprocidade e afetividade positiva) se fazem presentes, influenciando nesse processo. Além disso, enfatizou-se a presença de papéis sociais importantes destinados às atletas (em formação, de rendimento, profissionais) e aos treinadores (exigentes, professores, familiares), dependendo da categoria em que estas se encontram. Tais evidências permitem concluir que o conjunto dos elementos presentes no microssistema esportivo estudado tem possibilitado o alcance de sucesso deste contexto no desenvolvimento de atletas do basquetebol feminino no que tange à realidade desta modalidade esportiva em Santa Catarina...(AU)

This study was outlined by the Ecological Theory of Human Development and aimed to identify sporting microsystem elements that contribute to the process of development of female basketball athletes. Participated in the research 31 female athletes and two coaches linked to base categories of a basketball club in the state of Santa Catarina. The information was collected throught semi-structured interviews and was observed using categoric content analysis technique. The results revealed that molar activities experienced by basketball athletes are linked to physical training and technical tactic training, possessing both temporal persistence and meaning for coaches and athletes. Interpersonal relationships are seen critical to achieve success in the context of athlete development and in base category competitions; it was evidenced that especially the observational dyad and joint activity dyad (reciprocity, positive affection) are present, influencing this process. In addition, they emphasized the presence of important social roles for athletes (in formation, performance, professionals) and coahes (demanding coaches, teachers, family members), depending on the category that atlhetes act. These evidences allow to conclude that the elements present in the sporting microsystem studied has made it possible for the achievement of success in this context of development of female basketball players regarding the reality of this sporting modality in Santa Catarina state...(AU

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A indisciplina é um dos principais agentes que afeta o desempenho do professor no ambiente de trabalho, resultando também em insatisfação profissional. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os principais fatores associados à indisciplina na Região do Recôncavo Baiano sob a perspectiva dos professores de Educação Física do magistério público estadual do quadro efetivo da 32ª Diretoria Regional de Educação (DIREC 32). A Escala de Avaliação da Indisciplina na Educação Física Escolar foi empregada na coleta de dados e a análise estatística foi operacionalizada a partir da planilha do Microsoft Excel. Os resultados evidenciam que os professores atribuem aos Fatores Socio familiares como principal razão associada à indisciplina (tanto a família quanto ao meio a qual está inserida) independente do gênero e do ciclo de desenvolvimento profissional. Os dados também revelaram que os professores investigados reconhecem o papel da escola no comportamento do estudante. Além das relações externas e das relações entre pais e filhos, a falta de compromisso dos estudantes com as atividades escolares compreendem importantes indicadores da indisciplina nas aulas. Conclui-se, de forma geral, de que há uma tendência entre os profissionais da educação em eximir os estudantes pelo fracasso escolar e repassando a responsabilidade maior para a família. A busca de resolução dos conflitos caracterizados por indisciplina proveniente de problemas de ordem social, que tanto afligem a escola e os professores, deveria ser debatida com outros órgãos públicos que fazem parte da máquina administrativa do estado como a Secretaria de Políticas Públicas para as Mulheres, a Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Pobreza, a Secretaria de Saúde e a Secretaria de Promoção da Igualdade Social, constituindo-se assim, numa tarefa multidisciplinar.

The indiscipline is one of the main agents that affect the teacher’s performance in the workplace also resulting in professional dissatisfaction. The objective of this study was to identify the main factors associated with indiscipline in the region of Reconcavo Baiano (Brazil) from the perspective of Physical Education teachers in the public teaching of the state headcount from the 32nd Regional Administration of Education (DIREC32). The Evaluation Scale of the Indiscipline in the Scholar Physical Education for Indiscipline was employed in data collection and the statistical analysis was operationalized from the Microsoft Excel. The results show that teachers as sign to social and familial factors as the main factor associated with lack of discipline (both the family and the environment which is inserted),regardless of gender and professional development cycle. The data also revealed that the investigated teachers recognize the role of schools on student behavior. In addition to the external relations and relationships between parents and teacher, lack of commitment of students in the school activities includes...

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