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Objetivo: analisar o efeito dos exercícios vestibulares na qualidade de vida e na intensidade de tontura de idosos com hipofunção vestibular unilateral. Método: participaram do estudo idosos com sintomas de tontura. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada pela versão brasileira do Dizziness Handicap Inventory e a intensidade de tontura por uma escala visual analógica. Para cada participante foi desenvolvido um protocolo de exercícios personalizado de acordo com seus sintomas. Utilizou-se o teste t-Student para avaliar a intensidade de tontura e, para comparar os resultados da qualidade de vida, utilizou-se o teste não-paramétrico de Wilcoxon (p<0,05). O teste de correlação de Pearson averiguou associações entre intensidade de tontura e qualidade de vida. Resultados: verificou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa para a intensidade de tontura (p<0,0007) e para os domínios físico (p<0,0009), funcional (p<0,0009), emocional (p<0,03) e total (p<0,001) da qualidade de vida dos idosos com hipofunção vestibular unilateral. Referente à correlação, quanto mais intenso o sintoma de tontura, maiores foram os prejuízos na qualidade de vida. Conclusão: os exercícios vestibulares contribuíram para a diminuição da intensidade da tontura dos idosos com hipofunção vestibular unilateral e, consequentemente, para melhora da qualidade de vida e seus respectivos domínios. (AU)

Objective: to analyze vestibular exercise in quality of life and intensity of dizziness in the elderly with unilateral vestibular hypofunction. Method: elderly with symptoms of dizziness participated in the study. The quality of life was assessed by the Dizziness Handicap Inventory and the intensity of dizziness by a visual analogical scale. For each participant a personalized treatment protocol was developed according to their symptoms. The t-Student test was used to assess the intensity of dizziness and Wilcoxon's nonparametric test to analyze the quality of life (p <0.05). The Pearson correlation test was used to verify the associations between intensity of dizziness and quality of life. Results: a statistically significant difference was observed for the intensity of dizziness (p<0.0007) and to the physical (p<0.0009), functional (p<0.0009), emotional (p<0.03) domains and total (p<0.001) of the quality of life of the elderly with unilateral vestibular hypofunction. Concerning the correlation, the more intense the symptom of dizziness, the greater the impairment in quality of life. Conclusion: the vestibular exercises contributed to decrease the intensity of dizziness in the elderly with unilateral vestibular hypofunction and, consequently, to improve the quality of life and their respective domains. (AU)

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The aim of this study was to evaluate genomic information inclusion in genetic parameter estimation of standardized body weight at birth and at 240, 365, and 450 days of age, and visual scores for body structure, precocity, and body muscularity, measured as yearlings in Nelore cattle. We compared genetic parameters, (co)variance components (estimated from Bayesian inference and Gibbs sampling), breeding value accuracies, genetic trends, and principal component analysis (PCA) obtained through traditional GBLUP and ssGBLUP methods. For all traits analyzed, part of the phenotypic variation was explained by the additive genetic effect, thus indicating the capacity of traits to respond to the selection process. Estimates of genetic correlation, in both methodologies, between body weights and visual scores were, in general, high and positive, showing that the selection for visual scores can lead to heavier animals. Genetic trends showed genetic progress, both when estimated breeding values and genomic estimated breeding values were used. The PCA, genetic trends, and accuracy estimates on breeding values showed that inclusion of single nucleotide polymorphism information contributed towards slightly better estimates of the genetic variability of evaluated traits. Genomic information did not bring greater gains in genetic estimates, due to redundancy of kinship information from the pedigree, which already had complete animal kinship data.

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This study compared imputation from lower-density commercial and customized panels to high-density panels and a combined panel (Illumina and Affymetrix) in Nelore beef cattle. Additionally, linkage disequilibrium and haplotype block conformation were estimated in individual high-density panels and compared with corresponding values in the combined panel after imputation. Overall, 814 animals were genotyped using BovineHD BeadChip (IllumHD), and 93 of these animals were also genotyped using the Axion Genome-Wide BOS 1 Array Plate (AffyHD). In general, customization considering linkage disequilibrium and minor allele frequency had the highest accuracies. The IllumHD panel had higher values of linkage disequilibrium for short distances between SNPs than AffyHD and the combined panel. The combined panel had an increased number of small haplotype blocks. The use of a combined panel is recommended due to its increased density and number of haplotype blocks, which in turn increase the probability of a marker being close to a quantitative trait locus of interest. Considering common SNPs between IllumHD and AffyHD for the customization of a low-density panel increases the imputation accuracy for IllumHD, AffyHD and the combined panel.

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Genomic selection is arguably the most promising tool for improving genetic gain in domestic animals to emerge in the last few decades, but is an expensive process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the economic impact related to the implementation of genomic selection in a simulated dairy cattle population. The software QMSim was used to simulate genomic and phenotypic data. The simulated genome contained 30 chromosomes with 100 cm each, 1666 SNPs markers equally spread and 266 QTLs randomly designated for each chromosome. The numbers of markers and QTLs were designated according to information available from Animal QTL (http://www.animalgenome.org/QTLdb) and Bovine QTL (http://bovineqtl.tamu.edu/). The allelic frequency changes were assigned in a gamma distribution with alpha parameters equal to 0·4. Recurrent mutation rates of 1·0e-4 were assumed to apply to markers and QTLs. A historic population of 1000 individuals was generated and the total number of animals was reduced gradually along 850 generations until we obtained a number of 200 animals in the last generation, characterizing a bottleneck effect. Progenies were created along generations from random mating of the male and female gametes, assuming the same proportion of both genders. Than the population was extended for another 150 generations until we obtained 17 000 animals, with only 320 male individuals in the last generation. After this period a 25 year of selection was simulated taking into account a trait limited by sex with heritability of 0·30 (i.e. milk yield), one progeny/cow/year and variance equal to 1·0. Annually, 320 bulls were mated with 16 000 dams, assuming a replacement rate of 60 and 40% for males and females, respectively. Selection and discard criteria were based in four strategies to obtain the EBVs assuming as breeding objective to maximize milk yield. The progeny replaced the discarded animals creating an overlapping generation structure. The selection strategies were: RS is selection based on random values; PS is selection based on phenotypic values; Blup is selection based on EBVs estimated by BLUP; and GEBV is selection based on genomic estimated breeding values in one step, using high (GBlup) and low (GBlupi) density panels. Results indicated that the genetic evaluation using the aid of genomic information could provide better genetic gain rates in dairy cattle breeding programs as well as reduce the average inbreeding coefficient in the population. The economic viability indicators showed that only Blup and GBlup/GBlupi strategies, the ones that used milk control and genetic evaluation were economic viable, considering a discount rate of 6·32% per year.

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