RESUMO
Background: Small bowel bleeding (SB) comprises 5%-10% of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding cases. This article describes the staged retrograde intraoperative enteroscopy (SRIE) surgical technique for the etiological diagnosis and treatment of small bowel bleeding. Methods: SRIE was performed on patients with persistent SB at a quaternary university hospital in Brazil from 2020 to 2023. The technique is described in 5 steps, alongside visual aids, including images and a depicting a portion of the procedure. Patients presenting with confirmed coagulopathies, pregnancy, or unwillingness for surgery were excluded. Surgical procedures were performed after informed consent. Case Series: Four participants were submitted to SRIE, including 2 females (64 and 83 years old), and 2 males (46 and 57 years old). Three out of four (75%) of the patients received a confirmed diagnosis of GI bleeding, attributed to angioectasia, acquired von Willebrand disease, and vitamin K deficiency. SRIE was conducted via enterotomy, involving a subsequent insufflation-inspection-deflation of 10 to 10 cm segments of the small bowel (Steps 1 to 5). The procedure was successfully executed in all four patients without complications, allowing confirmation of the etiological diagnosis of SB or exclusion of anatomical causes of hemorrhage. Conclusions: SRIE is a valuable but invasive tool for assessing SB hemorrhage when conventional imaging falls short. When performed systematically and standardized, it allows accurate visualization of SB using a standard endoscope.
Assuntos
Hemorragia Gastrointestinal , Intestino Delgado , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/cirurgia , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiologia , Intestino Delgado/cirurgia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal/métodosRESUMO
Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease are neglected tropical diseases caused by Trypanosomatidae parasites. Given the numerous limitations associated with current treatments, such as extended treatment duration, variable efficacy, and severe side effects, there is an urgent imperative to explore novel therapeutic options. This study details the early stages of hit-to-lead optimization for a benzenesulfonyl derivative, denoted as initial hit, against Trypanossoma cruzi (T. cruzi), Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) and Leishmania braziliensis (L. braziliensis). We investigated structure - activity relationships using a series of 26 newly designed derivatives, ultimately yielding potential lead candidates with potent low-micromolar and sub-micromolar activities against T. cruzi and Leishmania spp, respectively, and low in vitro cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. These discoveries emphasize the significant promise of this chemical class in the fight against Chagas disease and leishmaniasis.
Assuntos
Desenho de Fármacos , Leishmania infantum , Testes de Sensibilidade Parasitária , Trypanosoma cruzi , Trypanosoma cruzi/efeitos dos fármacos , Leishmania infantum/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Estrutura Molecular , Tripanossomicidas/farmacologia , Tripanossomicidas/síntese química , Tripanossomicidas/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Antiprotozoários/farmacologia , Antiprotozoários/síntese química , Antiprotozoários/química , Humanos , Animais , Sulfonas/farmacologia , Sulfonas/síntese química , Sulfonas/químicaRESUMO
The oil industry faces the challenge of reducing its high polluting potential, due to the presence of aromatic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Efforts have been made to mitigate the impact of PAHs in industry through the development of detection technologies and the implementation of mitigation strategies. This study presents the adsorption of fluoranthene, through a magnetic composite of graphene oxide and chitosan as a method of remediation of produced water. The efficiency of the process was evaluated through kinetic, equilibrium, thermodynamic, and characterization analyses. The nanocomposite was able to remove 90.9% of FLT after 60 min and showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 28.22 mg/g, demonstrating that they can be implemented to remove fluoranthene. Kinetic and equilibrium experimental data showed that physisorption is the predominant adsorptive mechanism; however, the process is also influenced by chemisorption, which occurs through electrostatic interactions between the surface of the material and the adsorbate. The thermodynamic study showed that fluoranthene and graphene composite have high affinity, and that the adsorption is exothermic and spontaneous. The results presented in this paper indicate that the magnetic composite is a potential and sustainable adsorbent for fluoranthene remediation.
Assuntos
Quitosana , Fluorenos , Grafite , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Adsorção , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análise , Fenômenos Magnéticos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , CinéticaRESUMO
Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), the West Indian fruit fly, is one of the most economically important pest species in the Neotropical region. It infests an extensive range of host plants that include over 60 species. The geographic range of A. obliqua is from northern Mexico to southern Brazil and includes the Caribbean Islands. Previous molecular studies have revealed significant genetic structure among populations. We used sequences from a fragment of the mitochondrial protein-coding gene cytochrome c oxidase I to estimate structure and genetic diversity of A. obliqua populations from Brazil. We analyzed a total of 153 specimens from the Amazon Forest, Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Caatinga biomes. Our study revealed weak genetic structure among the A. obliqua Brazilian populations sampled. Collections from the Amazon Forest had similar haplotype diversity compared to previously reported estimates for collections from the Caribbean and both populations are also closely related to each other, thus challenging the hypothesis that A. obliqua originated in the Caribbean and then moved to other regions of the Americas. Therefore, further evidence is necessary to draw a definite conclusion about the putative center of origin for A. obliqua. Additionally, we suggest a putative historical migration from the west to the east for the A. obliqua Brazilian populations, which could explain the high genetic diversity for this fly in the Amazon Forest and low genetic diversity in the other Brazilian biomes.
Assuntos
Tephritidae/genética , Distribuição Animal , Animais , Biodiversidade , Brasil , DNA Mitocondrial , Florestas , Estruturas Genéticas , FilogeniaRESUMO
Este trabalho foi realizado no município de Itaubal do Piririm, Estado do Amapá, com o objetivo de registrar a ocorrência de moscas-das-frutas, suas plantas hospedeiras e seus parasitóides. Foram coletadas 51 amostras de frutos, de 10 espécies vegetais, totalizando 69,5kg. Foram obtidos 1.169 pupários, dos quais emergiram 568 tefritídeos e 105 parasitóides. Quatro espécies de Anastrepha foram registradas: A. antunesi Lima, A. distincta Greene, A. obliqua Macquart e A. striata Schiner. Os hospedeiros de moscas-das-frutas foram taperebá (Spondias mombin), goiaba (Psidium guajava) e ingá-cipó (Inga edulis), com índices de infestação de 1,3; 0,6 e 10,0 pupários/fruto e de 141,1; 20,7 e 26,5 pupários kg-1 de fruto, respectivamente. Duas espécies de parasitóides da família Braconidae foram obtidas: Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti) e Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck).
The occurrence of fruit flies on three host plants and their parasitoids was registered in Itaubal do Piririm, Amapá State, Brazil. Exactly 51 samples of fruits of 10 botanical species were collected and it totaled 69.5 kg. It was possible to obtain 1,169 puparia that emerged 568 Tephritidae and 105 parasitoids. Moreover, four species of Anastrepha were registered: A. antunesi Lima, A. distincta Greene, A. obliqua Macquart and A. striata Schiner. Spondias mombin, Psidium guajava and Inga edulis were the hosts of Tephritidae species, they had indexes of natural infestation of 1.3; 0.6 and 10.0 puparia/fruit and 141.1; 20.7 and 26.5 puparia kg-1 of fruit, respectively. Two species of Braconidae were obtained: Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti) and Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck).
RESUMO
The occurrence of fruit flies on three host plants and their parasitoids was registered in Itaubal do Piririm, Amapá State, Brazil. Exactly 51 samples of fruits of 10 botanical species were collected and it totaled 69.5 kg. It was possible to obtain 1,169 puparia that emerged 568 Tephritidae and 105 parasitoids. Moreover, four species of Anastrepha were registered: A. antunesi Lima, A. distincta Greene, A. obliqua Macquart and A. striata Schiner. Spondias mombin, Psidium guajava and Inga edulis were the hosts of Tephritidae species, they had indexes of natural infestation of 1.3; 0.6 and 10.0 puparia/fruit and 141.1; 20.7 and 26.5 puparia kg-1 of fruit, respectively. Two species of Braconidae were obtained: Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti) and Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck).
Este trabalho foi realizado no município de Itaubal do Piririm, Estado do Amapá, com o objetivo de registrar a ocorrência de moscas-das-frutas, suas plantas hospedeiras e seus parasitóides. Foram coletadas 51 amostras de frutos, de 10 espécies vegetais, totalizando 69,5kg. Foram obtidos 1.169 pupários, dos quais emergiram 568 tefritídeos e 105 parasitóides. Quatro espécies de Anastrepha foram registradas: A. antunesi Lima, A. distincta Greene, A. obliqua Macquart e A. striata Schiner. Os hospedeiros de moscas-das-frutas foram taperebá (Spondias mombin), goiaba (Psidium guajava) e ingá-cipó (Inga edulis), com índices de infestação de 1,3; 0,6 e 10,0 pupários/fruto e de 141,1; 20,7 e 26,5 pupários kg-1 de fruto, respectivamente. Duas espécies de parasitóides da família Braconidae foram obtidas: Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti) e Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck).
RESUMO
The occurrence of fruit flies on three host plants and their parasitoids was registered in Itaubal do Piririm, Amapá State, Brazil. Exactly 51 samples of fruits of 10 botanical species were collected and it totaled 69.5 kg. It was possible to obtain 1,169 puparia that emerged 568 Tephritidae and 105 parasitoids. Moreover, four species of Anastrepha were registered: A. antunesi Lima, A. distincta Greene, A. obliqua Macquart and A. striata Schiner. Spondias mombin, Psidium guajava and Inga edulis were the hosts of Tephritidae species, they had indexes of natural infestation of 1.3; 0.6 and 10.0 puparia/fruit and 141.1; 20.7 and 26.5 puparia kg-1 of fruit, respectively. Two species of Braconidae were obtained: Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti) and Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck).
Este trabalho foi realizado no município de Itaubal do Piririm, Estado do Amapá, com o objetivo de registrar a ocorrência de moscas-das-frutas, suas plantas hospedeiras e seus parasitóides. Foram coletadas 51 amostras de frutos, de 10 espécies vegetais, totalizando 69,5kg. Foram obtidos 1.169 pupários, dos quais emergiram 568 tefritídeos e 105 parasitóides. Quatro espécies de Anastrepha foram registradas: A. antunesi Lima, A. distincta Greene, A. obliqua Macquart e A. striata Schiner. Os hospedeiros de moscas-das-frutas foram taperebá (Spondias mombin), goiaba (Psidium guajava) e ingá-cipó (Inga edulis), com índices de infestação de 1,3; 0,6 e 10,0 pupários/fruto e de 141,1; 20,7 e 26,5 pupários kg-1 de fruto, respectivamente. Duas espécies de parasitóides da família Braconidae foram obtidas: Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti) e Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck).