RESUMO
Resumo O presente artigo analisa a emergência da questão social da violência sexual infanto-juvenil como problema público, sua inclusão e permanência na agenda formal das políticas nacionais nas décadas de 1990 e 2000. À luz de estudos sobre construção de agendas de políticas públicas e a partir da análise documental, o artigo contextualiza o amplo movimento de articulação e mobilização social da década de 1990, o Plano Nacional de Enfrentamento da Violência Sexual Infanto-juvenil como política pública intersetorial e a década de 2000 pautada pela sua implementação.
Abstract This article analyzes the emergence of the issue of child sexual abuse as a public problem, its inclusion and permanence in the national policy agenda in the decades of 1990 and 2000. Through the construction of public policy agendas and further analysis, this text highlights historical aspects which developed into a huge popular movement in the 1990s against child sexual violence, giving birth to the National Child Sexual Violence Combat Plan as an intersector public policy and the decade of 2000 devoted to its implementation.
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Abuso Sexual na Infância , Participação da Comunidade/história , Saúde Pública , Política Pública , Delitos SexuaisRESUMO
When the harvesting of sugarcane involves a mechanized process, plant residues remain on the soil surface, which makes proximal and remote sensing difficult to monitor. This study aimed to evaluate, under laboratory conditions, differences in the soil spectral behavior of surface layers Quartzipsamment and Hapludox soil classes due to increasing levels of sugarcanes dry (DL) and green (GL) leaf cover on the soil. Soil cover was quantified by supervised classification of the digital images (photography) taken of the treatments. The spectral reflectance of the samples was obtained using the FieldSpec Pro (350 to 2500 nm). TM-Landsat bands were simulated and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and soil line were also determined. Soil cover ranged from 0 to 89 % for DL and 0 to 80 % for GL. Dry leaf covering affected the features of the following soil constituents: iron oxides (480, 530 and 900 nm) and kaolinite (2200 nm). Water absorption (1400 and 1900 nm) and chlorophyll (670 nm) were determinant in differentiating between bare soil and GL covering. Bands 3 and 4 and NDVI showed pronounced variations as regards differences in soil cover percentage for both DL and GL. The soil line allowed for discrimination of the bare soil from the covered soil (DL and GL). High resolution sensors from about 50 % of the DL or GL covering are expected to reveal differences in soil spectral behavior. Above this coverage percentage, soil assessment by remote sensing is impaired.(AU)
Assuntos
Análise do Solo , Saccharum , Análise EspectralRESUMO
When the harvesting of sugarcane involves a mechanized process, plant residues remain on the soil surface, which makes proximal and remote sensing difficult to monitor. This study aimed to evaluate, under laboratory conditions, differences in the soil spectral behavior of surface layers Quartzipsamment and Hapludox soil classes due to increasing levels of sugarcanes dry (DL) and green (GL) leaf cover on the soil. Soil cover was quantified by supervised classification of the digital images (photography) taken of the treatments. The spectral reflectance of the samples was obtained using the FieldSpec Pro (350 to 2500 nm). TM-Landsat bands were simulated and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and soil line were also determined. Soil cover ranged from 0 to 89 % for DL and 0 to 80 % for GL. Dry leaf covering affected the features of the following soil constituents: iron oxides (480, 530 and 900 nm) and kaolinite (2200 nm). Water absorption (1400 and 1900 nm) and chlorophyll (670 nm) were determinant in differentiating between bare soil and GL covering. Bands 3 and 4 and NDVI showed pronounced variations as regards differences in soil cover percentage for both DL and GL. The soil line allowed for discrimination of the bare soil from the covered soil (DL and GL). High resolution sensors from about 50 % of the DL or GL covering are expected to reveal differences in soil spectral behavior. Above this coverage percentage, soil assessment by remote sensing is impaired.