RESUMO
In the present study, we applied forensic geochemistry to investigate the origin and fate of spilled oils like tarballs stranded at the beaches of Bahia, in northeastern Brazil, in September 2023, based on their fingerprints. Saturated and aromatic compounds were assessed by gas chromatography, and the oceanic surface circulation patterns were deciphered to determine the geographic origin of the spill. Contamination by petroleum represents an enormous threat to the unique, species-rich ecosystems of the study area. The geochemical fingerprint of the oil spilled in 2023 did not correlate with those of previous events, including the one in 2019, the one in early 2022 in Ceará, and an extensive spill across the Brazilian Northeast in late 2022. However, the fingerprint did correlate with crude oils produced by Middle Eastern countries, most likely Kuwait. The oil of the 2023 spill had a carbonate marine origin from early mature source rocks. These findings, together with the moderate weathering of the 2023 tarballs and the ocean circulation patterns at the time of the event, indicate that the oil was discharged close to the shore of Brazil, to the east or southeast of Salvador, by a tanker on an international route in the South Atlantic.
Assuntos
Poluição por Petróleo , Navios , Brasil , Monitoramento Ambiental , Petróleo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análiseRESUMO
Sea turtle mortality is often related to materials that reach the coast from different anthropic activities worldwide. This study aimed to investigate whether sea turtle mortality was related to older marine problems, such as solid waste, or one of the largest oil spill accidents on the Brazilian coast, that occurred in 2019. We posed three questions: 1) Are there solid residues in the digestive tract samples, and which typology is the most abundant? 2) Can meso and macro-waste marine pollutants cause mortality? 3) Is the dark material found really oil? A total of 25 gastrointestinal content (GC) samples were obtained, of which 22 ingested waste of anthropogenic origin and 18 were necropsied. These 22 samples were obtained during or after the 2019 oil spill, of which 17 specimens were affected, making it possible to suggest oil ingestion with the cause of death in the animals that could be necropsied. Macroscopic data showed that the most abundant solid waste was plastic (76.05 %), followed by fabrics (12.18 %) and oil-like materials. However, chemical data confirmed only three specimens with oil levels ranging from remnants to high. It was possible to infer possible causes of death in 16 of the total 18 necropsied cases: Most deaths were due to respiratory arrest (62.5 %), followed by pulmonary edema (12.5 %), cachexia syndrome (12.5 %), circulatory shock (6.25 %), and head trauma (6.25 %), which may have been caused by contact with solid waste, oil, or both. The study showed that not all dark material found in the GCs of turtles killed in oiled areas is truly oil, and in this sense, a chemical analysis step to prove the evidence of oil must be added to international protocols.
Assuntos
Poluição por Petróleo , Tartarugas , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Animais , Poluição por Petróleo/efeitos adversos , Poluição por Petróleo/análise , Conteúdo Gastrointestinal/química , Brasil , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Resíduos Sólidos/análise , Plásticos , Ingestão de AlimentosRESUMO
O conhecimento e o desenvolvimento de habilidades relacionadas à abordagem de gênero na formação médica são fundamentais para o exercício do cuidado integral. Enfocamos o ensino dos temas gênero e sexualidade na graduação de um curso de Medicina sob a perspectiva docente. A pesquisa de natureza qualitativa utilizou a entrevista semiestruturada para construção dos dados empíricos. Em 2022, foram realizadas 16 entrevistas com responsáveis por disciplinas/unidades curriculares de diversas especialidades médicas de um curso de graduação em Medicina no estado de São Paulo. Apesar do reconhecimento da importância na formação, vigora ainda uma abordagem biomédica e/ou patológica das temáticas de gênero e sexualidade no currículo. Como dificuldades, destaca-se o reconhecimento da questão geracional pela falta de habilidade para lidar com os temas e a pouca interação entre especialidades médicas.(AU)
Including the development of knowledge and skills related to the gender approach in medical training is essential for the delivery of comprehensive care. This study focuses on the teaching of gender and sexuality on a medical degree program from the perspective of teachers. We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews to collect empirical data. Sixteen interviews were conducted in 2022 with teachers responsible for subjects/modules in medical specialties on a medical degree program in the state of São Paulo. Despite the recognition given to the importance of teaching gender and sexuality in medical training, a biomedical and/or disease-based approach to these topics prevails in the curriculum. Challenges include generational issues, including the lack of skills needed to deal with these topics, and limited interaction between medical specialties.(AU)
El conocimiento y el desarrollo de habilidades relacionadas al abordaje de género en la formación médica son fundamentales para el ejercicio del cuidado integral. Enfocamos la enseñanza de los temas género y sexualidad en la graduación de un curso de medicina bajo la perspectiva docente. La investigación de naturaleza cualitativa utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada para la construcción de los datos empíricos. En 2022, se realizaron dieciséis (16) entrevistas con responsables por disciplinas/unidades curriculares de diversas especialidades médicas de un curso de graduación en medicina en el Estado de São Paulo. A pesar del reconocimiento de la importancia en la formación, vigora todavía un abordaje biomédico y/o patológico de las temáticas de género y sexualidad en el currículo. Como dificultad se destaca el reconocimiento de la cuestión generacional por la falta de habilidad para enfrentar los temas y la poca interacción entre especialidades médicas.(AU)
RESUMO
COPD, one of world's leading contributors to morbidity and mortality, is characterized by airflow limitation and heterogeneous clinical features. Three main phenotypes are proposed: overlapping asthma/COPD (ACO), exacerbator, and emphysema. Disease severity can be classified as mild, moderate, severe, and very severe. The molecular basis of inflammatory amplification, cellular aging, and immune response are critical to COPD pathogenesis. Our aim was to investigate EP300 (histone acetylase, HAT), HDAC 2 (histone deacetylase), HDAC3, and HDAC4 gene expression, telomere length, and differentiation ability to M1/M2 macrophages. For this investigation, 105 COPD patients, 42 smokers, and 73 non-smoker controls were evaluated. We identified a reduced HDAC2 expression in patients with mild, moderate, and severe severity; a reduced HDAC3 expression in patients with moderate and severe severity; an increased HDAC4 expression in patients with mild severity; and a reduced EP300 expression in patients with severe severity. Additionally, HDAC2 expression was reduced in patients with emphysema and exacerbator, along with a reduced HDAC3 expression in patients with emphysema. Surprisingly, smokers and all COPD patients showed telomere shortening. COPD patients showed a higher tendency toward M2 markers. Our data implicate genetic changes in COPD phenotypes and severity, in addition to M2 prevalence, that might influence future treatments and personalized therapies.
Assuntos
Enfisema , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Enfisema Pulmonar , Humanos , Macrófagos , Senescência Celular/genética , Expressão GênicaRESUMO
Since the 2019 oil spill on the northeastern coast of Brazil, oil materials have washed up on the beaches. A characteristic of the recent oil spill that began in late August was that some of the oiled material, such as tarballs, contained the goose barnacle species Lepas anatifera (Cirripedia, Lepadomorpha), which is well-known for its cosmopolitan distribution and wide occurrence in the oceans. The findings of this study provide information on the occurrence and contamination of petroleum hydrocarbons in animals adhered to the surfaces of tarballs sampled from beaches in the Brazilian states of Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte, between September and November 2022. The size of the barnacles varied from 0.122 to 2.20 cm, suggesting that the tarballs had been floating in the ocean for at least a month. All groups of L. anatifera collected from the tarballs had polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present (∑21PAHs from 476.33 to 3816.53 ng g-1). In comparison to high-molecular-weight PAHs, which are primarily from pyrolytic sources, low-molecular-weight PAHs, such as naphthalene and phenanthrene, which are mostly related to petrogenic sources, were shown to be more abundant. In addition, dibenzothiophene, which is exclusive of petrogenic origin, was found in all samples (30.74-537.76 ng g-1). The aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs): n-alkanes, pristane, and phytane were also found and displayed petroleum characteristics. These results highlight the danger of increasing the absorption of petrogenic PAHs and AHs by organisms that use tarballs as substrates. L. anatifera is a crucial component of the food chain because many animals such as crabs, starfish, and gastropods consume it.
Assuntos
Poluição por Petróleo , Petróleo , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos , Thoracica , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Animais , Petróleo/análise , Brasil , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Hidrocarbonetos/análise , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análise , Poluição por Petróleo/efeitos adversos , Poluição por Petróleo/análise , Ingestão de Alimentos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Sedimentos Geológicos/químicaRESUMO
The main objective of this study was to investigate the 2019 and 2022 oil spill events that occurred off the coast of the State of Ceará, Northeastern Brazil. To further assess these mysterious oil spills, we investigated whether the oils stranded on the beaches of Ceará in 2019 and 2022 had the same origin, whether their compositional differences were due to weathering processes, and whether the materials from both were natural or industrially processed. We collected oil samples in October 2019 and January 2022, soon after their appearance on the beaches. We applied a forensic environmental geochemistry approach using both one-dimensional and two-dimensional gas chromatography to assess chemical composition. The collected material had characteristics of crude oil and not refined oils. In addition, the 2022 oil samples collected over 130 km of the east coast of Ceará had a similar chemical profile and were thus considered to originate from the same source. However, these oils had distinct biomarker profiles compared to those of the 2019 oils, including resistant terpanes and triaromatic steranes, thus excluding the hypothesis that the oil that reached the coast of Ceará in January 2022 is related to the tragedy that occurred in 2019. From a geochemical perspective, the oil released in 2019 is more thermally mature than that released in 2022, with both having source rocks with distinct types of organic matter and depositional environments. As the coast of Ceará has vast ecological diversity and Marine Protected Areas, the possibility of occasional oil spills in the area causing severe environmental pollution should be investigated from multiple perspectives, including forensic environmental geochemistry.
Assuntos
Poluição por Petróleo , Petróleo , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Poluição por Petróleo/análise , Brasil , Monitoramento Ambiental , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Petróleo/análise , Óleos , BiomarcadoresRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the experience of implementing a satellite vaccination unit in a drive-through system during a campaign against COVID-19. METHOD: This is an experience report carried out in a drive-through vaccination satellite unit. The study development was guided by the triad structure-process-results, proposed by Donabedian. RESULTS: The unit was structured in a soccer stadium, allowing it to serve large audiences safely. Care flow occurred in stages and professionals were organized by sectors, with emphasis on the nursing team' work. Initially, screening was performed; later, users went to the registration sector, and, finally, they were forwarded to the application station. The unit also had emergency sectors, a cold chain, space for professionals and a Basic Health Unit as a point of support. In 25 days of operation, 9698 doses were administered, with 1.8% of doses lost. CONCLUSION: The implementation of this system required planning, structure, process development and intense team articulation, with emphasis on the fundamental and strategic role of nurses in different points of action and leadership.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Humanos , Liderança , VacinaçãoRESUMO
Abstract: The presence of parasites in marine fish is a serious problem for the fishing industry in many countries. Some species of parasites can present a risk to consumers. Human health can be compromised by allergic reactions to parasitic antigens (hypersensitivity). The aim of the present study was to report the occurrence of parasite larvae in samples of frozen Alaskan fish fillets. A total of 108 samples of frozen Alaska pollock fish fillet were purchased from commercial establishments in the state of São Paulo - Brazil, from July 2017 to November 2019. The parasite search was carried out using the method dissection under transmitted light (candling table) according to AOAC (2005), method 985.12. Only 18 samples (17%), from four different brands, did not present any parasitic form, the others (90 samples) had at least one parasitic form, with the presence of cestodes of the order Trypanorhyncha (found in 73 samples) and nematodes of the Anisakidae family prevailing (found in 57 samples). It was also observed that more than half of the studied samples (76 samples) presented up to 5 parasitic forms in the kilogram rate. The results demonstrate the need for more data regarding the incidence of parasites in fish and their impact on human health, in order to alert the population and health authorities about its dangers, so that preventive and corrective measures are taken in the inspection process of these products, aiming to reduce any possibility of the occurrence of illnesses.
RESUMO
Abstract Objective: To describe the experience of implementing a satellite vaccination unit in a drive-through system during a campaign against COVID-19. Method: This is an experience report carried out in a drive-through vaccination satellite unit. The study development was guided by the triad structure-process-results, proposed by Donabedian. Results: The unit was structured in a soccer stadium, allowing it to serve large audiences safely. Care flow occurred in stages and professionals were organized by sectors, with emphasis on the nursing team' work. Initially, screening was performed; later, users went to the registration sector, and, finally, they were forwarded to the application station. The unit also had emergency sectors, a cold chain, space for professionals and a Basic Health Unit as a point of support. In 25 days of operation, 9698 doses were administered, with 1.8% of doses lost. Conclusion: The implementation of this system required planning, structure, process development and intense team articulation, with emphasis on the fundamental and strategic role of nurses in different points of action and leadership.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir la experiencia de implementación de una unidad de vacunación satélite en un sistema drive-through, durante la campaña contra el COVID-19. Método: Se trata de un relato de experiencia, realizado en una unidad satélite de vacunación drive-through. El desarrollo del estudio estuvo guiado por la tríada estructura-proceso-resultados, propuesta por Donabedian. Resultados: La unidad se estructuró en un estadio de fútbol, lo que le permitió atender grandes audiencias de manera segura. El flujo de la atención ocurrió por etapas, y los profesionales fueron organizados por sectores, con énfasis en el trabajo del equipo de enfermería. Inicialmente se realizaba el cribado, posteriormente el usuario se dirigía al sector de registro y finalmente se enviaba a la estación de aplicación. La unidad también contó con sectores de urgencia y emergencia, cadena de frío, espacio para profesionales y una Unidad Básica de Salud como punto de apoyo. En 25 días de operación, se administraron 9698 dosis, con un 1,8% de dosis olvidadas. Conclusión: La implementación de este sistema requirió planificación, estructuración, desarrollo de procesos y una intensa articulación de equipos, con énfasis en el papel fundamental y estratégico de los enfermeros en diferentes puntos de acción y liderazgo.
RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a experiência de implementação de uma unidade satélite de vacinação em sistema drive-through, durante a campanha contra COVID-19. Método: Trata-se de um relato de experiência, realizado em uma unidade satélite de vacinação em sistema drive-through. O desenvolvimento do estudo foi norteado pela tríade estrutura-processo-resultados, proposta por Donabedian. Resultados: A unidade foi estruturada em um estádio de futebol, permitindo o atendimento de grandes públicos de forma segura. O fluxo de atendimento ocorreu por etapas, e os profissionais foram organizados por setores, com destaque para atuação da equipe de enfermagem. Inicialmente, realizou-se a triagem, posteriormente, o usuário dirigia-se ao setor de cadastramento, e, por fim, era encaminhado à estação de aplicação. A unidade contava também com os setores de urgência e emergência, rede de frio, espaço para os profissionais e uma Unidade Básica de Saúde como ponto de apoio. Em 25 dias de atuação, foram administradas 9698 doses, com 1,8% de doses perdidas. Conclusão: A implementação deste sistema exigiu planejamento, estrutura, desenvolvimento de processos e intensa articulação em equipe, com destaque para o papel fundamental e estratégico do enfermeiro em diferentes pontos de atuação e liderança.
Assuntos
Programas de Imunização , COVID-19 , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Enfermagem , Vigilância em Saúde Pública , Planejamento em SaúdeRESUMO
A flacidez tissular abdominal é uma disfunção dermatológica que incomoda principalmente as mulheres. A radiofrequência e o microagulhamento são recursos utilizados para minimizar essa flacidez. Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos do microagulhamento associado a radiofrequência na flacidez tissular abdominal. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo experimental, controlado e randomizado, com amostra de 20 mulheres, faixa etária entre 18 e 35 anos, dispostas em dois grupos: Grupo 1 (G1) foi aplicada 1 sessão de microagulhamento, após 15 dias reavaliação utilizando a plicometria e perimetria e Grupo 2 (G2) 1 sessão de microagulhamento, após 15 dias realizaram-se 4 sessões de radiofrequência com intervalo de 1 dia entre as sessões. Resultados: O G2 apresentou diminuição de flacidez do músculo reto abdominal direito apresentando p = 0,009, flanco direito p = 0,001 e flanco esquerdo p = 0,004, assim como a redução da circunferência abdominal. A avaliação de satisfação corporal do G2 teve escore final p = 0,029. Conclusão: O microagulhamento associado a radiofrequência promoveram uma melhora clínica da flacidez tissular abdominal e flancos. (AU)
Assuntos
Feminino , Adulto , Cútis Laxa , Agulhamento Seco , Ondas de Rádio , Colágeno , Elastina , Proliferação de Células , FibroblastosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To compare tissue inflammatory response, foreign body reaction, fibroplasia, and proportion of type I/III collagen between closure of abdominal wall aponeurosis using polyglactin suture and intraperitoneal implant of polypropylene, polypropylene/polyglecaprone, and polyester/porcine collagen meshes to repair defects in the abdominal wall of rats. METHODS: Forty Wistar rats were placed in four groups, ten animals each, for the intraperitoneal implant of polypropylene, polypropylene/polyglecaprone, and polyester/porcine collagen meshes or suture with polyglactin (sham) after creation of defect in the abdominal wall. Twenty-one days later, histological analysis was performed after staining with hematoxylin-eosin and picrosirius red. RESULTS: The groups with meshes had a higher inflammation score (p < 0.05) and higher number of gigantocytes (p < 0.05) than the sham group, which had a better fibroplasia with a higher proportion of type I/III collagen than the tissue separating meshes (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups with meshes. CONCLUSIONS: The intraperitoneal implant of polypropylene/polyglecaprone and polyester/porcine collagen meshes determined a more intense tissue inflammatory response with exuberant foreign body reaction, immature fibroplasia and low tissue proportion of type I/III collagen compared to suture with polyglactin of abdominal aponeurosis. However, there were no significant differences in relation to the polypropylene mesh group.
Assuntos
Parede Abdominal , Polipropilenos , Parede Abdominal/cirurgia , Animais , Aponeurose , Colágeno , Reação a Corpo Estranho/etiologia , Teste de Materiais , Poliglactina 910/efeitos adversos , Polipropilenos/efeitos adversos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Telas Cirúrgicas/efeitos adversos , Suturas , SuínosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate mean serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PlGF), and soluble Flt-1 (sFlt-1) in pregnant patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with inactive disease, active lupus nephritis, and preeclampsia for differential diagnosis between these conditions. METHODS: Pregnant women with SLE, with singleton pregnancies and no other autoimmune diseases, were classified according to disease activity (inactive SLE and active lupus nephritis) and the presence of preeclampsia. Serum samples were collected within 3 weeks of delivery and frozen for subsequent blinded analysis through the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS: A total of 71 women were included, with 41 classified as having inactive SLE (group 1; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Pregnancy Disease Activity Index [SLEPDAI] score <4), 15 with a diagnosis of active lupus nephritis (group 2, SLEPDAI score ≥4, including renal criteria), and 15 with a diagnosis of preeclampsia (group 3). Patients in group 3 had higher mean levels of sFlt-1 and lower mean levels of PlGF compared to groups 1 and 2, both findings with statistical significance. The sFlt-1:PlGF ratio was also significantly higher in patients with preeclampsia, while mean VEGF levels were higher in pregnant woman with active lupus nephritis compared to patients with preeclampsia or inactive SLE. CONCLUSION: Evaluation of serum VEGF, PlGF, and sFlt-1 levels can differentiate between preeclampsia, inactive SLE, and active lupus nephritis during pregnancy.
Assuntos
Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/sangue , Nefrite Lúpica/sangue , Fator de Crescimento Placentário/sangue , Pré-Eclâmpsia/sangue , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/sangue , Receptor 1 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/sangue , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/diagnóstico , Nefrite Lúpica/diagnóstico , Pré-Eclâmpsia/diagnóstico , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
ABSTRACT Purpose To compare tissue inflammatory response, foreign body reaction, fibroplasia, and proportion of type I/III collagen between closure of abdominal wall aponeurosis using polyglactin suture and intraperitoneal implant of polypropylene, polypropylene/polyglecaprone, and polyester/porcine collagen meshes to repair defects in the abdominal wall of rats. Methods Forty Wistar rats were placed in four groups, ten animals each, for the intraperitoneal implant of polypropylene, polypropylene/polyglecaprone, and polyester/porcine collagen meshes or suture with polyglactin (sham) after creation of defect in the abdominal wall. Twenty-one days later, histological analysis was performed after staining with hematoxylin-eosin and picrosirius red. Results The groups with meshes had a higher inflammation score (p < 0.05) and higher number of gigantocytes (p < 0.05) than the sham group, which had a better fibroplasia with a higher proportion of type I/III collagen than the tissue separating meshes (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups with meshes. Conclusions The intraperitoneal implant of polypropylene/polyglecaprone and polyester/porcine collagen meshes determined a more intense tissue inflammatory response with exuberant foreign body reaction, immature fibroplasia and low tissue proportion of type I/III collagen compared to suture with polyglactin of abdominal aponeurosis. However, there were no significant differences in relation to the polypropylene mesh group.
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Polipropilenos/efeitos adversos , Parede Abdominal/cirurgia , Poliglactina 910/efeitos adversos , Telas Cirúrgicas/efeitos adversos , Suturas , Suínos , Teste de Materiais , Reação a Corpo Estranho/etiologia , Colágeno , Ratos Wistar , AponeuroseRESUMO
Objetiva-se analisar a produção cientifica sobre a efetiva integração ensino serviço em Psicologia e os fatores associados. Utilizamos os seguintes descritores "integração", "ensino- serviço" e "psicologia", na Plataforma Capes, Scielo, BVSLilacs. A coleta dos dados ocorreu em outubro de 2016. Dos 72 artigos encontrados, foram selecionadas 20 produções que se aproximaram da proposta investigativa, acerca da interface ensino serviço em psicologia e sua relação com as Políticas de Educação em Saúde. A análise dos artigos seguiu a categorização em três eixos temáticos sobre os quais as produções versam, que foram: "Práticas Colaborativas", "Mudanças no Currículo" e "Práticas Alinhadas com as Políticas de Saúde", indicando que estes seriam possíveis indicadores da qualidade na integração ensino - serviço. Os resultados também apontaram para uma aproximação entre técnicas, política e teoria, com uma maior ênfase para o trabalho multidisciplinar com ganho para o usuário através de uma construção coletiva e de modelos efetivos para o usuário.
The objective to analyze the scientific production on the effective integration of teaching - service in Psychology and associated factors. We use the following descriptors "integration", "teaching- service" and "psychology", in Capes Platform, Scielo, BVSLilacs. The data were collect in October 2016. Of the 72 articles found, 20 productions were select that approached the research proposal, about the teaching service interface in psychology and its relationship with Health Education Policies. The analysis of the articles followed the categorization in three thematic axes on which the productions relate, which were: "Collaborative Practices", "Changes in the Curriculum" and "Practices Aligned with Health Policies", indicating that these would be possible indicators of quality in the teaching-service integration. The results also pointed to an approximation between techniques, politics and theory, with a greater emphasis on multidisciplinary work with gain for the user through a collective construction and effective models for the user.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Polymorphisms of the filaggrin 2 gene (rs 12568784 and rs 16899374) are associated with persistent atopic dermatitis in African American patients. Filaggrin 2 is a protein with a function similar to filaggrin and also encoded in the epidermal differentiation complex on chromosome 1q21. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the polymorphisms in the filaggrin 2 gene (rs 12568784 and rs 16899374) in children and adults with atopic dermatitis and to verify the association of these with the severity of the clinical picture, presence of other allergic diseases, and socio-demographic factors. METHOD: The study was carried out with patients and control group. Questionnaires were used to evaluate ethnicity, sex, age, family history, scoring, atopic dermatitis (SCORAD), among other parameters. Genotyping of the filaggrin 2 gene was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Forty-eight patients and 83 controls were evaluated. No correlation was found between the variables studied in patients with atopic dermatitis and polymorphisms, no significant difference between the prevalence of polymorphisms in the patients and in the control group p>0.05. STUDY LIMITS: The exclusive use of self-reported ethnicity information and the sample size. RESULTS: The results of this work can be an incentive for the study of the polymorphisms in atopic dermaititis, considering the characteristic of the Brazilian multi ethnic population. CONCLUSION: This is an unpublished work in Brazil and the first study in the world to have a control group to evaluate alterations in the gene of filaggrin 2.
Assuntos
Dermatite Atópica/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Proteínas S100/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Dermatite Atópica/etnologia , Dermatite Atópica/patologia , Feminino , Proteínas Filagrinas , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Abstract Background: Polymorphisms of the filaggrin 2 gene (rs 12568784 and rs 16899374) are associated with persistent atopic dermatitis in African American patients. Filaggrin 2 is a protein with a function similar to filaggrin and also encoded in the epidermal differentiation complex on chromosome 1q21. Objective: To evaluate the polymorphisms in the filaggrin 2 gene (rs 12568784 and rs 16899374) in children and adults with atopic dermatitis and to verify the association of these with the severity of the clinical picture, presence of other allergic diseases, and socio-demographic factors. Method: The study was carried out with patients and control group. Questionnaires were used to evaluate ethnicity, sex, age, family history, scoring, atopic dermatitis (SCORAD), among other parameters. Genotyping of the filaggrin 2 gene was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Forty-eight patients and 83 controls were evaluated. No correlation was found between the variables studied in patients with atopic dermatitis and polymorphisms, no significant difference between the prevalence of polymorphisms in the patients and in the control group p > 0.05. Study limits: The exclusive use of self-reported ethnicity information and the sample size. Results: The results of this work can be an incentive for the study of the polymorphisms in atopic dermaititis, considering the characteristic of the Brazilian multi ethnic population. Conclusion: This is an unpublished work in Brazil and the first study in the world to have a control group to evaluate alterations in the gene of filaggrin 2.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Proteínas S100/genética , Dermatite Atópica/genética , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Fatores Sexuais , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Dermatite Atópica/etnologia , Dermatite Atópica/patologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo RealRESUMO
Food prepared with products derived from animals are involved in most cases of staphylococcal poisoning; therefore, the research of Staphylococcus spp. in Emmental cheese is more applicable. The objective of this study was to identify coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (CNS) in cheese using biochemical and molecular techniques to detect the presence of nine genes responsible for the production of enterotoxins. From 180 samples analyzed, 204 CNS strains were obtained and identified as being 46 (22.6%) S. saprophyticus strains, 27 (13.2%) S. hominis spp. hominis strains, 22 (10.8%) S. sciuri strains, 21 (10.3%) S. xylosus strains, 19 (9.3%) S. epidermidis strains, 19 (9.3%) S. haemolyticus strains, 17 (8.3%) S. lentus strains, 17 (8.3%) S. warneri strains, 11 (5.4%) S. equorum strains and 5 (2.5%) S. cohnni . Using the PCRm protocol, 14 (6.9%) strains with the presence of the genes on the enterotoxin E (SEE)11 (78.6%), J (SEJ) 1 (7%), C (SEC) 1 (7%) and I (SEI) 1 (7%) were detected. Based on the results, the type of package is not interfered of growth and isolated that Staphylococcus spp. in cheese. It was observed that bacteria capacity to produce coagulase cannot be understood as an indicative of enterotoxigenicity; therefore, the CNS should be considered as a target of importance in the epidemiology of staphylococcal intoxications. It can be concluded that CNS need to be included in bacterial foodborne disease research, since the genes responsible for the production of toxins were detected and none of the studied samples presented Staphylococcus spp. counting above the limits allowed by legislation.(AU)
Os alimentos preparados com produtos de origem animal são os mais envolvidos em casos de intoxicação alimentar estafilocócica; portanto a pesquisa do Staphylococcus spp. em queijos tipo Emmental é relevante. O objetivo foi isolar e identificar espécies de Staphylococcus coagulase negativas (CNS)de queijo Emmental acondicionado em vários tipos de embalagem, por meio de técnicas bacteriológicas e bioquímicas e detectar, por PCR, a presença de nove genes responsáveis pela produção de enterotoxinas. Das 180 amostras, foram isoladas 204 cepas de CNS, que foram identificadas por provas bioquímicas como: 46 (22,6%) S. saprophyticus, 27 (13,2%) S. hominis spp. hominis, 22 (10,8%) S. sciuri, 21 (10,3%) S. xylosus, 19 (9,3%) S. epidermidis , 19 (9,3%) S. haemolyticus , 17 (8,3%) S. lentus , 17 (8,3%) S. warneri , 11(5,4%) S. equorum e 5 (2,5%) S. cohnii . Na PCR multiplex, em 14 (6,9%) isolados foi detectada a presença dos genes para enterotoxina E (SEE), em 11 (78,6%) J (SEJ), em 1 (7%) C (SEC) e em 1 (7%) I (SEI). Com base nos resultados, o tipo de embalagem não interferiu na multiplicação dos Staphylococcus spp. isolados dos queijos. Neste estudo, verificou-se que a capacidade para a produção de coagulase pela bactéria não pode ser concebida como indicativa de enterotoxigenicidade, portanto devem-se considerar os CNS como objeto de importância na epidemiologia das intoxicações estafilocócicas, fazendo-se necessária a atenção com relação à pesquisa dos CNS nos alimentos, uma vez que foram detectados genes responsáveis pela produção de toxinas, e nenhuma das amostras apresentou contagem para Staphylococcus spp. acima do limite permitido pela legislação.(AU)
Assuntos
Intoxicação Alimentar Estafilocócica , Staphylococcus/virologia , Enterotoxinas , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos , Bactérias , Queijo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Embalagem de Produtos , Alimentos de Origem Animal , Inocuidade dos Alimentos , Abastecimento de AlimentosRESUMO
Food prepared with products derived from animals are involved in most cases of staphylococcal poisoning; therefore, the research of Staphylococcus spp. in Emmental cheese is more applicable. The objective of this study was to identify coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (CNS) in cheese using biochemical and molecular techniques to detect the presence of nine genes responsible for the production of enterotoxins. From 180 samples analyzed, 204 CNS strains were obtained and identified as being 46 (22.6%) S. saprophyticus strains, 27 (13.2%) S. hominis spp. hominis strains, 22 (10.8%) S. sciuri strains, 21 (10.3%) S. xylosus strains, 19 (9.3%) S. epidermidis strains, 19 (9.3%) S. haemolyticus strains, 17 (8.3%) S. lentus strains, 17 (8.3%) S. warneri strains, 11 (5.4%) S. equorum strains and 5 (2.5%) S. cohnni . Using the PCRm protocol, 14 (6.9%) strains with the presence of the genes on the enterotoxin E (SEE)11 (78.6%), J (SEJ) 1 (7%), C (SEC) 1 (7%) and I (SEI) 1 (7%) were detected. Based on the results, the type of package is not interfered of growth and isolated that Staphylococcus spp. in cheese. It was observed that bacteria capacity to produce coagulase cannot be understood as an indicative of enterotoxigenicity; therefore, the CNS should be considered as a target of importance in the epidemiology of staphylococcal intoxications. It can be concluded that CNS need to be included in bacterial foodborne disease research, since the genes responsible for the production of toxins were detected and none of the studied samples presented Staphylococcus spp. counting above the limits allowed by legislation.(AU)
Os alimentos preparados com produtos de origem animal são os mais envolvidos em casos de intoxicação alimentar estafilocócica; portanto a pesquisa do Staphylococcus spp. em queijos tipo Emmental é relevante. O objetivo foi isolar e identificar espécies de Staphylococcus coagulase negativas (CNS)de queijo Emmental acondicionado em vários tipos de embalagem, por meio de técnicas bacteriológicas e bioquímicas e detectar, por PCR, a presença de nove genes responsáveis pela produção de enterotoxinas. Das 180 amostras, foram isoladas 204 cepas de CNS, que foram identificadas por provas bioquímicas como: 46 (22,6%) S. saprophyticus, 27 (13,2%) S. hominis spp. hominis, 22 (10,8%) S. sciuri, 21 (10,3%) S. xylosus, 19 (9,3%) S. epidermidis , 19 (9,3%) S. haemolyticus , 17 (8,3%) S. lentus , 17 (8,3%) S. warneri , 11(5,4%) S. equorum e 5 (2,5%) S. cohnii . Na PCR multiplex, em 14 (6,9%) isolados foi detectada a presença dos genes para enterotoxina E (SEE), em 11 (78,6%) J (SEJ), em 1 (7%) C (SEC) e em 1 (7%) I (SEI). Com base nos resultados, o tipo de embalagem não interferiu na multiplicação dos Staphylococcus spp. isolados dos queijos. Neste estudo, verificou-se que a capacidade para a produção de coagulase pela bactéria não pode ser concebida como indicativa de enterotoxigenicidade, portanto devem-se considerar os CNS como objeto de importância na epidemiologia das intoxicações estafilocócicas, fazendo-se necessária a atenção com relação à pesquisa dos CNS nos alimentos, uma vez que foram detectados genes responsáveis pela produção de toxinas, e nenhuma das amostras apresentou contagem para Staphylococcus spp. acima do limite permitido pela legislação.(AU)
Assuntos
Intoxicação Alimentar Estafilocócica , Staphylococcus/virologia , Enterotoxinas , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos , Bactérias , Queijo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Embalagem de Produtos , Alimentos de Origem Animal , Inocuidade dos Alimentos , Abastecimento de AlimentosRESUMO
Purpose: We aimed to correlate three polymorphisms of the Hedgehog Interacting Protein (HHIP) gene with the three main phenotypes of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (frequent exacerbator (FE), asthma/COPD overlap (ACO), and emphysema with hyperinflation). Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Pulmonology at the Rio de Janeiro State University from February 2015 to July 2018. A total of 81 patients diagnosed with COPD according to the criteria of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) were enrolled. The subjects were divided into three distinct groups according to their phenotypes (FE, ACO and emphysema-hyperinflation). Three polymorphisms of the HHIP gene that are often reported as allegedly involved in the pathogenesis of COPD were analysed: rs1828591, rs13118928, and rs6537296. Real-time PCR - TAQMAN SNP Genotyping Assay was performed. The statistical analysis was carried out with the SPSS program with a multivariate analysis with a 95% confidence interval. Results: An increase in the frequency of the A allele of the rs13118928 HHIP gene polymorphism was observed in the group of subjects with COPD and emphysema-hyperinflation phenotype when compared with those in the FE phenotype (p=0.019) and subjects with ACO (p=0.04). However, the subjects with emphysema-hyperinflation phenotype presented more often the A allele (p=0.04). The genotypic analysis confirmed the difference between the emphysema-hyperinflation and ACO phenotypes, with a higher prevalence of the AA genotype in the emphysema-hyperinflation group (p=0.04). The ACO and FE phenotype subjects showed no difference in these polymorphisms. No difference was found in the frequency of the polymorphisms rs1828591 (p= 0.552) and rs6537296 (p=0.296) in the three phenotypes evaluated. Conclusion: The presence of the A allele in the rs13118928 polymorphism of the HHIP gene may be related to the emphysema-hyperinflation phenotype.