RESUMO
RESUMEN Los vertiginosos cambios producidos en la sociedad obligan a las instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) a formar ciudadanos con competencias profesionales y personales capaces de enfrentar los permanentes desafíos. En ese contexto, la labor del docente-tutor contribuye significativamente a este propósito y debe fortalecerse. Para ello, se realiza un diagnóstico cuyo objetivo consistió en conocer el estado de implementación de las tutorías y su impacto en la formación de los estudiantes. Se parte del análisis bibliográfico sobre la concepción y la práctica de la tutoría universitaria para, mediante un estudio cuantitativo, determinar el criterio de los educandos como actores principales. La muestra probabilística estuvo conformada por 180 estudiantes, de una población de 1557, de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Humanas y Tecnologías de la Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta validada científicamente, que determinó 97 % de fiabilidad y 95 % de confianza, lo que significa un alto porcentaje de correspondencia entre las variables de estudio y las escalas de medición. Estos estudiantes reciben diversas asignaturas, entre ellas algunas relacionadas con la actividad física y el deporte. Los resultados obtenidos se sometieron al análisis inferencial de multivariantes que permitió comprobar la tendencia de los estudiantes con respecto a la actividad tutorial que oferta la institución de Educación Superior.
RESUMO As vertiginosas mudanças na sociedade obrigam as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) a formar cidadãos com competências profissionais e pessoais capazes de enfrentar desafios permanentes. Neste contexto, o trabalho do professor-tutor contribui significativamente para este fim e deve ser reforçado. Para o efeito, foi realizado um diagnóstico com o objectivo de conhecer o estado de implementação dos tutoriais e o seu impacto na formação dos estudantes. O ponto de partida foi uma análise bibliográfica da concepção e prática da tutoria universitária a fim de determinar, por meio de um estudo quantitativo, os critérios dos estudantes como principais atores. A amostra probabilística consistiu em 180 estudantes, de uma população de 1557, da Faculdade de Ciências da Educação, Humanidades e Tecnologias da Universidade Nacional de Chimborazo, aos quais foi aplicado um inquérito cientificamente validado, que determinou 97% de fiabilidade e 95% de confiança, o que significa uma elevada percentagem de correspondência entre as variáveis de estudo e as escalas de medição. Estes estudantes recebem várias disciplinas, incluindo algumas relacionadas com atividade física e desporto. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos a análises inferenciais multivariadas, o que nos permitiu verificar a tendência dos estudantes no que diz respeito à atividade tutorial oferecida pela instituição de ensino superior.
ABSTRACT The vertiginous changes produced in society force Higher Education Institutions (HEI) to train citizens with professional and personal skills capable of facing permanent challenges. In this context, the work of the teacher-tutor contributes significantly to this purpose and should be strengthened. For this, a diagnosis is made which objective was to know the state of implementation of the tutoring and its impact on the training of the students. It is started from the bibliographical analysis on the conception and practice of university tutoring to, through a quantitative study, determines the criteria of the students as main actors. The probabilistic sample consisted of 180 students, from a population of 1557, from the Faculty of Education, Human Sciences and Technology of the National University of Chimborazo, to whom a scientifically validated survey was applied, which determined 97% reliability and 95% confidence, which means a high percentage of correspondence between the study variables and the measurement scales. These students receive various subjects, including some related to physical activity and sports. The results obtained were submitted to the multivariate inferential analysis that allowed verifying the tendency of the students with respect to the tutorial activity offered by the Higher Education institution.
RESUMO
Resumen El síndrome de obstrucción congénita de vías áreas superiores (CHAOS) es una condición que se caracteriza por la existencia de una obstrucción en las vías áreas altas en el feto, la cual puede ser parcial o completa. Comúnmente es una situación incompatible con la vida, por lo que su diagnóstico prenatal es importante considerando el pronóstico y los diferentes manejos prenatales y posnatales que existen. Presentamos un caso de CHAOS diagnosticado en la semana 21, con una breve revisión de la literatura sobre su diagnóstico, pronóstico y alternativas terapéuticas.
Abstract Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) is a condition characterized by the existence of an obstruction of the fetal upper airways, which may be partial or complete. It is commonly incompatible with life, so its prenatal diagnosis is important due to the prognosis and the recently described pre and postnatal management options. We present a case of CHAOS in a pregnancy of 21 weeks with a brief review of the current literature about its diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic alternatives.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/congênito , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Laringe/anormalidades , Síndrome , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal , Morte PerinatalRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To quantify the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in Ecuador and to determine its association, or lack thereof, with demographic and clinical variables, particularly with the comorbidities and complications of DM. METHODS: This was an analytical cross-sectional study with 325 patients attending regular care at a primary health care center in Quito, Ecuador. HRQoL was measured using the EuroQol 5-dimension 3-level (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire. The patients were screened for diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Clinical files were reviewed to obtain data regarding gender, age, time since diagnosis, type of treatment, glycemic control, and history (if any) of hypertension and/or dyslipidemia. Associations were verified using the Mann-Whitney U or Kruskal-Wallis test, and the confounding effects of the variables "age" and "gender" were controlled for using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean HRQoL for the population was 0.844 (±0.215) on the EQ-5D-3L index (EQ-Index) and 80.6 (±18.8) on the EQ visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS). The prevalence of DM complications was 1.8% for nephropathy, 14.8% for retinopathy, and 14.5% for PAD. Of the participating patients, 66.8% presented hypertension and 91.4%, dyslipidemia. Significant associations were found between lower scores on the EQ-Index and age (≥65 years) (0.84 vs. 0.87; p = 0.016), time since diagnosis (≥10 years) (0.81 vs. 0.87; p = 0.005), presence of hypertension (0.83 vs. 0.88; p = 0.017), and, after controlling for age and gender, presence of nephropathy. For the EQ-VAS, only time since diagnosis (≥10 years) was associated with a lower score (77.99 vs. 82.97; p = 0.043). CONCLUSION: Older age, longer disease duration, hypertension, and nephropathy are associated with having a lower HRQoL, in patients with type 2 DM in Quito, Ecuador.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Qualidade de Vida , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Equador , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
La infección por Vibrio vulnifcus está generalmente relacionada con el contacto de heridas con agua de mar y el consumo de mariscos bivalvos. No se han publicado hasta la fecha casos causados por Vibrio vulnifcus en el Ecuador. Presentación de los casos Se describen dos casos de sepsis fatal. El primer caso fue un hombre de 69 años, residente en Ibarra (2220 m.s.n.m.), que tenía como enfermedad de base diabetes mellitus tipo 2, artritis reumatoide y hepatopatía. El segundo fue un hombre de 26 años, residente en Quito (2800 m.s.n.m.), con antecedente de anemia aplásica bajo tratamiento. Ambos pacientes ingresaron febriles y presentaron un deterioro rápidamente progresivo, sin respuesta al manejo de soporte y antibiótico-terapia en cuidados intensivos, falleciendo en menos de 48 horas posteriores a su ingreso. En los hemocultivos se identifcó la presencia de Vibrio vulnifcus. Conclusión El reporte de estos casos pone en alerta la presencia de esta bacteria como causa de sepsis en pacientes con factores de riesgo. El reconocimiento oportuno del cuadro clínico, el tratamiento de soporte, terapia antibiótica y un equipo multidisciplinario, son pilares fundamentales en el manejo de este tipo de infecciones.
Vibrio vulnifcus infection usually is related to the contact of wounds with seawater and bivalve shellfsh consumption. Non-cases has been published of this infection in Ecuador. Case Report Two cases of septic shock are described. The frst case was a man (69 years old) from Ibarra city (2220 m.s.l.) who had diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis and liver disease. The second case was a man (26 years old) resident in Quito city (2800 m.s.l.) with a history of treated aplastic anemia. Both patients were admitted febrile and showed a fast and progressive deterioration, without response to support management and antibiotic therapy in the intensive care unit. They died within 48 hours after admission. Blood cultures were positive for Vibrio vulnifcus. Conclusion The report of these cases must put on alert for the presence of this bacterium as a cause of sepsis in patients with risk factors. Early recognition of clinical data, the supportive management, antibiotic therapy and a multidisciplinary team are essentials for the outcome.
Assuntos
Humanos , Vibrioses , Doenças Transmissíveis , Vibrio vulnificus , Choque Séptico , Relatos de Casos , EquadorRESUMO
Introducción: el plexo braquial puede verse afectado por patología neoplásica tanto primaria como secundaria. Los tumores primarios del plexo braquial son entidades poco frecuentes, aunque algunos, como el tumor maligno de la vaina del nervio periférico pueden tener un comportamiento agresivo. Caso clínico: se presenta una mujer de 31 años con disestesias y debilidad progresiva en el miembro superior izquierdo. El estudio neurofisiológico mostró afectación del plexo braquial izquierdo. En la resonancia magnética se observó una masa de tejido blando que invadía el plexo braquial. El estudio histológico fue compatible con un tumor maligno de la vaina del nervio periférico. Conclusiones: el tumor maligno de la vaina del nervio periférico es un tumor altamente agresivo que puede aparecer en pacientes sin datos clínicos de neurofibromatosis tipo 1. Debe mantenerse un elevado nivel de sospecha con el objetivo de no retrasar el diagnóstico para así poder realizar un tratamiento lo más conservador posible.
Introduction. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) are sarcomas that are rarely located in the upper limb. Clinical case. We present a 31- year-old woman with progressive dysesthesia and weakness of the left upper limb. The neurophysiological study showed damage in the left brachial plexus. A soft tissue mass that was invading the plexus was observed in the magnetic resonance image. The anatomopathological study was compatible with MPNST diagnosis. Conclusions. Intrinsic tumors of the brachial plexus are uncommon. A MPNST is an extremely aggressive mesenchymal tumor that is seldom rooted in the brachial plexus.