RESUMO
Great megathrust earthquakes arise from the sudden release of energy accumulated during centuries of interseismic plate convergence. The moment deficit (energy available for future earthquakes) is commonly inferred by integrating the rate of interseismic plate locking over the time since the previous great earthquake. But accurate integration requires knowledge of how interseismic plate locking changes decades after earthquakes, measurements not available for most great earthquakes. Here we reconstruct the post-earthquake history of plate locking at Guafo Island, above the seismogenic zone of the giant 1960 (Mw = 9.5) Chile earthquake, through forward modeling of land-level changes inferred from aerial imagery (since 1974) and measured by GPS (since 1994). We find that interseismic locking increased to ~70% in the decade following the 1960 earthquake and then gradually to 100% by 2005. Our findings illustrate the transient evolution of plate locking in Chile, and suggest a similarly complex evolution elsewhere, with implications for the time- and magnitude-dependent probability of future events.
RESUMO
Dois workshops de dezesete dias-residencia, na abordagem centrada-no-cliente foram financiados por matriculas (baseadas na possibilidade financeira de cada individuo) que foram estipuladas pelos proprios participantes. Embora as taxas variassem de zero ate 5 vezes a taxa media. todas as despesas com o workshop foram pagas atraves das matriculas dos participantes. E ainda mais, estes eram admitidos independentemente do muito ou do pouco que se comprometessem a pagar. Sao apresentadas as reacoes dos participantes assim como uma analise, pelo staff, do experimento financeiro. A pratica de workshop com taxas auto-determinadas foi considerada viavel e vantajosa para financiar workshops para pessoas de uma gama bem variada de meios economicos. Esta pratica continuou, com resultados semelhantes, por uma serie de workshops 1974 e 1980.