RESUMO
Composition and floristic diversity of ecosystems subject to overexploitation, such as tropical deciduous forests where copal resin (Bursera bipinnata, Bursera copallifera) is extracted, are of great importance for understanding the ecological functioning of these ecosystems. This study analyzed the species composition and diversity in a natural population subject to copal extraction in San Juan Raboso Izúcar de Matamoros, Puebla, Mexico. A total of 54 sampling units were established, and the number of individuals and crown diameter for each tree species were recorded. For shrubs, succulents, acaulescent rosetophytes and climbers, the number of individuals and the area of cover were quantified. Based on the parameters of abundance, frequency, and relative dominance, the importance value index (IVI) was calculated. Diversity was evaluated using the Shannon index [Formula: see text]. In total, 29 species were identified, distributed across 11 botanical families and 21 genera. The Fabaceae family was the richest, followed by the Burseraceae family, which includes the species that extract copal, but Opuntia streptacantha was the species with the most ecological weight. In this study, the Shannon index [Formula: see text] averaged 1.45, which indicates that the community was mildly diverse.
Assuntos
Bursera , Ecossistema , Humanos , Sulindaco , Florestas , Árvores , Resinas Vegetais/farmacologia , Biodiversidade , Clima TropicalRESUMO
Resumen Los sistemas agroforestales pueden representar importantes nichos ecológicos que coadyuven a la conservación de la diversidad avifaunística. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar y comparar la diversidad y uso de hábitat de aves insectívoras en sistemas agroforestales enclavados en un bosque mesófilo de montaña. Se efectuó el monitoreo de aves de agosto de 2018 a enero de 2019 en tres hábitats: café tradicional (CT), potrero (PT) y bosque mesófilo de montaña (BMM). Se determinaron índices de abundancia relativa (IAR), riqueza (Jacknife1), similitud (Jaccard) y diversidad (Shannon-Wiener). El IAR presentó valores bajos para los tres hábitats. El método Jacknife1 denotó una riqueza promedio considerable para las tres áreas (CT: 33.02, PT: 24.20, BMM: 9.98, CT-PT-BMM: 52.22). La técnica de Jaccard registró poca similitud en la riqueza, reafirmando el efecto del hábitat, composición y estructura florística como factores determinantes, al mismo tiempo que estableció promedios de diversidad alta obtenidos mediante el método de Shannon-Wiener (H´= 3.3; 3.1; 2.27; 3.78, respectivamente), revelando una diversidad relativamente estable en los tres hábitats. Por su parte, Kruskal-Wallis advirtió diferencias en la diversidad, pero no para la riqueza y la abundancia. Se evidenció la conformación declústeresy agrupaciones que encontraron mayor similitud entre la riqueza y la abundancia de especies por cada monitoreo aplicado. El análisis de componentes principales indicó mayor correlación del hábitat y la vegetación utilizados para la alimentación en el estrato herbáceo y arbóreo, en alturas que van de 5 m a 10 m, utilizando el estrato aéreo para vuelo. Los sistemas agroforestales estudiados constituyeron un nicho de oportunidad en donde la avifauna halló alimento, áreas de nidación y reproducción. Se recomienda la implementación de buenas prácticas de manejo agroforestal que coadyuven a la conservación de especies.
Abstract Agroforestry systems can represent important ecological niches that contribute to the conservation of bird diversity. The objective of this work was to estimate and compare the diversity and habitat use of insectivorous birds in agroforestry systems located in a montane cloud forest. Bird monitoring was carried out from August 2018 to January 2019 in three habitats: traditional coffee plantation (CT), paddock (PT) and montane cloud forest (BMM). Relative abundance (IAR), richness (Jacknife1), similarity (Jaccard) and diversity (Shannon-Wiener) indices were determined. The IAR presented low values for the three habitats. The Jacknife1 method denoted considerable average richness for the three areas (CT: 33.02, PT: 24.20, BMM: 9.98, CT-PT-BMM: 52.22). The Jaccard technique recorded little similarity in richness, reaffirming the effect of habitat, composition and floristic structure as determining factors, which at the same time established high diversity averages, obtained by the Shannon-Wiener method (H´= 3.3; 3.1 ; 2.27; 3.78, respectively), revealing a relatively stable diversity in the three habitats. For his part, Kruskal-Wallis noticed differences in diversity, but not for richness and abundance. The formation of clusters and groups that found greater similarity between the richness and abundance of species for each applied monitoring was evidenced. Principal component analysis indicated a higher correlation of habitat and vegetation used for feeding in the herbaceous and arboreal stratum, at heights ranging from 5 m to 10 m, using the aerial stratum for flight. The agroforestry systems studied constituted a niche of opportunity where the avifauna found food, nesting and reproduction areas. The implementation of good agroforestry management practices that contribute to the conservation of species is recommended.
RESUMO
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading bacterial cause of diarrhea worldwide. A capsular polysaccharide (CPS) conjugate vaccine is under development and requires determination of the valency. However, distribution of CPS types circulating globally is presently poorly described. We aimed to determine whether CPS type distribution in Peru differs from that in other endemic regions. We used a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection of CPS encoding genes capable of distinguishing all 35 CPS types on Campylobacter isolates in two prospective communities based studies conducted in cohorts of children less than 59 months of age in Peru. Results showed that CPS type HS4 complex was the most prevalent, followed by HS3 complex and HS15. Differences in CPS type for symptomatology were not statistically significant. Most subjects demonstrated repeated infections over time with different CPS types, suggesting that CPS types may confer of a level of homologous protective immunity. In this dataset, some differences in CPS type distribution were observed in comparison to other low-middle income countries. Further studies need to be conducted in endemic areas to increase our knowledge of CPS type distribution and guide vaccine development.
Assuntos
Cápsulas Bacterianas/classificação , Cápsulas Bacterianas/genética , Infecções por Campylobacter/epidemiologia , Infecções por Campylobacter/microbiologia , Campylobacter jejuni/genética , Infecções Assintomáticas/epidemiologia , Infecções por Campylobacter/diagnóstico , Campylobacter jejuni/classificação , Pré-Escolar , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Peru/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
La sociedad española de Reumatología (SER) (rivera et al., 2006) recomienda la escala de ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria (Hospital anxiety and Depression Scale - HADS, Zigmond y Snaith, 1983) para la evaluación clínica de ansiedad y depresión en Fibromialgia (FM). sin embargo, no constan índices de sensibilidad/especificidad ni puntos de corte en FM. Con el objetivo de comprobar aplicabilidad, propiedades psicométricas y sensibilidad/especificidad del HAD en FM, se evaluó a 131 pacientes ambulatorios del Hospital de san Vicente (alicante, España), utilizando como criterios externos BDI y STAI-E. se analizaron ítems, consistencia interna y estructura factorial mediante análisis confirmatorio y puntos de corte con curvas ROC. Se replicó la estructura de dos factores. La fiabilidad es adecuada (HADA=.80, HADD=.85). Se muestran diferentes puntos de corte con sensibilidad/especificidad superior al 70 por ciento para cada subescala. El Had presenta propiedades psicométricas óptimas en población FM, mostrándose útil como instrumento de "screening" de sintomatología ansioso-depresiva en esta población.
Spanish Society of Rheumatology (SER) (Rivera et al., 2006) suggests the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS, Zigmond y Snaith, 1983) for clinical assessment of anxiety and depression in fibromyalgia (FM). However, there is no HAD-FM cut-off yet. Aiming to assess applicability, psychometric properties and sensitivity/specificity of HADS in FM, 131 outpatients were assessed at San Vicente Hospital (Fibromyalgia service, Alicante, Spain), using like external criteria BDI and STAI-E. Item analysis was performed, calculating the internal consistency and factor structure study by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The cut-off points were found by ROC curves. Two-factor structure was replicated. Reliability is adequate (HADA=.80, HADD=.85). Several cut-off points are showed with sensitivity and specificity levels >70 percent for both subscales. HADS has optimal psychometric properties in FM and its useful as a screening tool to assess anxious-depressive symptoms in FM patients.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Depressão/diagnóstico , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Fibromialgia/psicologia , Análise Fatorial , Assistência Ambulatorial , Curva ROC , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estudos Transversais , Psicometria , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Se presenta una revisión y sintesis de publicaciones cienttficas que reportan la relación de parámetros morfológicos y fisiológicos de placentas de madres con una o más variables asociadas a la desnutrición, tales como grupo socioeconomico, peso materno pregrdvido, esdo hematológico, ingesta dietética calórica, aumento ponderal neto, acumulación del tejido adiposo y trabajo [isico durante el embarazo. Se relacionan éstas con variables del producto como peso al nacer y mortalidad perinatal. Se establecen los mecanismos fisiológicos mediante los cuales la desnutrición tiene un impacto negativo en la funcion placentaria de transferencia de nutrientes e intercambio gaseoso. Se destaca el papel de la placenta como interfase entre la madre y el feto y, por tanto, entre el feto y el medio-ambiente. Se evidencia la necesidad de moyor investigación sobre el uso potencial de parámetros placentarios para evaluar la calidad de la gestación ocu· rrida y establecer el pronóstico del neonato. Se discuten algunas intervenciones preventivas que competen a la salud pública perinatal
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Placenta/anatomia & histologia , Placenta/fisiologia , Doenças Placentárias/fisiopatologia , México , Distúrbios Nutricionais/mortalidade , Países em DesenvolvimentoRESUMO
Se presenta un caso de un recién nacido con hipoglicemia recurrente en quien se demostró hiperinsulinismo. Por la falta de respuesta al tratamiento habitual y con diazóxido, se realizó una pancreatectomía sutotal del 85% a los 6 meses de vida. En el postoperatorio evolucionó con hipoglicemias recurrentes que obligaron el uso de dosis crecientes de diazóxido, lo cual sugiere la necesidad de una resección casi total (99%) frente a una hiperplasia severa de las células beta del tipo de la nesidioblastósis. Se discute la etiopatogenia del cuadro y su diagnóstico diferencial