RESUMO
PIP: The 6 developing nations with the largest populations in mid-1993 were China with 1.18 billion people, India 897 million, Indonesia 188 million, Brazil 152 million, Pakistan 122 million, and Bangladesh 114 million. Successful expansion of population planning programs in these nations could help defuse the population bomb. China's fertility rate has hardly declined for several years, and the year 2000 projection had to be revised from 1.2 billion to 1.29 billion people. India's family planning efforts have also stalled, and even if it attains the two-child family by the year 2015, population growth will not level out before the total reaches 1.9 billion. In India, Kerala State's population density matches that of Bangladesh, and per-capita income is among the lowest in the country. Yet, life expectancy is one quarter above the national average, infant mortality less than half, and literacy almost twice. And the fertility rate is down to 2.3, contrasting strongly with India's average of 3.9. Indonesia's population growth rate has plunged from 2.3% per year in the mid-1960s to 1.97% in the mid-1980s and to 1.7% today. Women now have an average of only three children. Brazil has achieved an annual population growth rate of only 1.5% and a fertility rate of 2.6, but fewer than 3 married women in 5 use modern contraception. There are an estimated 2 million illegal abortions a year. Part of the problem is the gulf between poverty and affluence. As a result of this gulf, child mortality remains the fourth highest in Latin America. Pakistan's population is projected to grow to 275 million people by the year 2025. The current growth rate is 3.1% per year. Family size is 6.7 children, the desired size is 4 children, and only 9% of married women use modern contraception. In Bangladesh, in 1975, the family size was 7 children. In 1993, it was fewer than 5. The spread of family-planning facilities boosted contraceptive use from 3% in 1971 to 40% in 1991.^ieng
Assuntos
Coeficiente de Natalidade , Previsões , Crescimento Demográfico , América , Ásia , Sudeste Asiático , Bangladesh , Brasil , China , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Ásia Oriental , Fertilidade , Índia , Indonésia , América Latina , Paquistão , População , Dinâmica Populacional , Pesquisa , América do Sul , Estatística como AssuntoRESUMO
Tropical forests still cover almost 8 million km squared of the humid tropics but they are being destroyed at ever-more rapid rates. In 1989, the area deforested amounted to 142,200 km squared, or nearly 90% more than in 1979. Thus, whereas the 1989 amounted total to 1.8% of the remaining biome, the proportion could well continue to rise for the foreseeable future, until there is little forest in just a few decades. Deforestati on patterns are far from even throughout the biome. In much of the Southeast and Southern Asia, East and West Africa, and Central America, there is likely to be little forest left by the year 2000 or shortly thereafter. But in the Zaire basin, western Brazilian Amazonia, and the Guyana highlands, sizeable expanses of forest could persist a good while longer. The main agent of deforestation in the 'shifted cultivator' or displaced peasant, who, responding to land hunger and general lack of rural development in traditional farming areas of countries concerned, feels there is no alternative but to adopt a slash-and-burn lifestyle in forestlands. This person is now accounting for at least 60% of deforestation, a rapidly expanding proportion. However, he receives far less policy attention than the commercial logger, the cattle rancher, and other agents of deforestation.