RESUMO
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the most commonly used anti-acid drugs worldwide, including among cancer patients. However, drug-drug interactions between PPIs and other agents may lead to decreased drug absorption with possible reduced therapeutic benefit, or even increased toxicity. Unfortunately, only scarce data exist regarding the safety of concomitant PPI use with anti-cancer agents. We aim at reviewing current evidence on this possible interaction by dividing anti-cancer agents by class. Until further data is available, we encourage healthcare providers to limit unnecessary PPI overuse.
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Oncologistas , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons , Interações Medicamentosas , Humanos , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Antibiotics have been extensively used to treat infectious diseases over the past century and have largely contributed to increased life expectancy over time. However, antibiotic use can impose profound and protracted changes to the diversity of the microbial ecosystem, affecting the composition of up to 30% of the bacterial species in the gut microbiome. By modifying human microbiota composition, antibiotics alter the action of several oncologic drugs, potentially leading to decreased efficacy and increased toxicities. Whether antibiotics interfere with cancer therapies or even increase the risk of cancer development has been under investigation, and no randomised trials have been conducted so far. The aim of the current review is to describe the possible effects of antibiotic therapies on different oncologic treatments, especially immunotherapies, and to explore the link between previous antibiotics use and the development of cancer.
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OBJECTIVE: To assess adherence of the prescribing physicians in a private cancer care center to the American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline for antiemetic prophylaxis, in the first cycle of antineoplastic chemotherapy. METHODS: A total of 139 chemotherapy regimens, of 105 patients, were evaluated retrospectively from 2011 to 2013. RESULTS: We observed 78% of non-adherence to the guideline rate. The main disagreements with the directive were the prescription of higher doses of dexamethasone and excessive use of 5-HT3 antagonist for low risk emetogenic chemotherapy regimens. On univariate analysis, hematological malignancies (p=0.005), the use of two or more chemotherapy (p=0.05) and high emetogenic risk regimes (p=0.012) were factors statistically associated with greater adherence to guidelines. Treatment based on paclitaxel was the only significant risk factor for non-adherence (p=0.02). By multivariate analysis, the chemotherapy of high emetogenic risk most correlated with adherence to guideline (p=0.05). CONCLUSION: We concluded that the adherence to guidelines is greater if the chemotherapy regime has high emetogenic risk. Educational efforts should focus more intensely on the management of chemotherapy regimens with low and moderate emetogenic potential. Perhaps the development of a computer generated reminder may improve the adherence to guidelines.
Assuntos
Antieméticos/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Prescrição Inadequada/efeitos adversos , Náusea/induzido quimicamente , Vômito/induzido quimicamente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antieméticos/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Institutos de Câncer , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma não Hodgkin/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Prontuários Médicos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Náusea/prevenção & controle , Estudos Retrospectivos , Vômito/prevenção & controle , Adulto JovemRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To assess adherence of the prescribing physicians in a private cancer care center to the American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline for antiemetic prophylaxis, in the first cycle of antineoplastic chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 139 chemotherapy regimens, of 105 patients, were evaluated retrospectively from 2011 to 2013. Results: We observed 78% of non-adherence to the guideline rate. The main disagreements with the directive were the prescription of higher doses of dexamethasone and excessive use of 5-HT3 antagonist for low risk emetogenic chemotherapy regimens. On univariate analysis, hematological malignancies (p=0.005), the use of two or more chemotherapy (p=0.05) and high emetogenic risk regimes (p=0.012) were factors statistically associated with greater adherence to guidelines. Treatment based on paclitaxel was the only significant risk factor for non-adherence (p=0.02). By multivariate analysis, the chemotherapy of high emetogenic risk most correlated with adherence to guideline (p=0.05). Conclusion: We concluded that the adherence to guidelines is greater if the chemotherapy regime has high emetogenic risk. Educational efforts should focus more intensely on the management of chemotherapy regimens with low and moderate emetogenic potential. Perhaps the development of a computer generated reminder may improve the adherence to guidelines. .
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a adesão dos médicos prescritores, de um centro privado especializado em oncologia, à diretriz de antiêmese profilática da American Society of Clinical Oncology, no primeiro ciclo de quimioterapia antineoplásica. Métodos: Foram avaliados retrospectivamente 139 esquemas de quimioterapia, de 105 pacientes, tratados no período de 2011 a 2013. Resultados: Foram observados 78% de taxa de não adesão à diretriz. As principais discordâncias com a diretriz foram prescrição de doses mais elevadas de dexametasona e uso excessivo de antagonista 5-HT3 para regimes de quimioterapia de risco emetogênico baixo. Pela análise univariada, malignidades hematológicas (p=0,005), uso de dois ou mais quimioterápicos (p=0,05) e regimes de alto risco emetogênico (p=0,012) foram fatores estatisticamente associados a maior adesão à diretriz. O tratamento baseado em paclitaxel foi o único fator estatisticamente significativo para a não adesão (p=0,02). Pela análise multivariada, a quimioterapia de alto risco emetogênico apresentou maior correlação com a adesão à diretriz (p=0,05). Conclusão: Houve maior aderência para a quimioterapia de alto risco emetogênico. Esforços educacionais devem se concentrar mais intensamente na gestão de regimes de quimioterapia com potencial emetogênico baixo e moderado. Talvez o desenvolvimento de lembretes gerados por sistemas informatizados possa melhorar a aderência à diretriz. .
Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Dano ao DNA , Reparo de DNA por Recombinação , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/química , Motivos de Aminoácidos , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Proteína BRCA1/antagonistas & inibidores , Linhagem Celular , Quebra Cromossômica , Sequência Conservada , Reparo do DNA , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/antagonistas & inibidores , Desoxirribonucleases/metabolismo , Histonas/metabolismo , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Ubiquitinação , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether Brazilian articles on cancer are published in journals with an impact factor and/or repercussion (measured by the number of citations) inferior to those that come from foreign organizations. METHODS: A search was carried out in PubMed for the MeSH term "neoplasm" with the limits clinical trial, affiliation of the Brazilian author(s), and interval from July 1st, 2009 to June 30, 2010. Selected for matching were non-Brazilian related articles published from three months prior to three months after the date of publication of the Brazilian study. The numbers of citations were obtained from two databases, as well as the impact factor for the journals in which the articles were published. RESULTS: Forty-three national and 876 related international articles were identified. The Brazilian publications had a mean impact factor of 3.000 versus 3.430 of the international ones (p=0.041). There was no statistically significant difference as to the number of citations between the two groups. The affiliation of the first author with a Brazilian or foreign organization did not significantly influence the number of citations or the impact factor. CONCLUSION: Brazilian articles are significantly less accepted in journals with higher impact factors, although it does not compromise its repercussion on the scientific community.
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Pesquisa Biomédica/estatística & dados numéricos , Fator de Impacto de Revistas , Neoplasias , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , Viés de Publicação/estatística & dados numéricos , Autoria , Brasil , Humanos , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Investigar se artigos brasileiros sobre câncer são publicados em periódicos de fator impacto e/ou repercussão (medida pelo número de citações) inferiores aos oriundos de instituições estrangeiras MÉTODOS: Pesquisou-se, no PubMed, o MeSH Term "neoplasm" com os limitadores: clinical trial, afiliação de autor(es) brasileira e intervalo de 1º de julho de 2009 a 30 de junho de 2010. Foram selecionados para pareamento artigos relacionados, não brasileiros, publicados entre três meses antes e três meses depois da data de publicação do estudo brasileiro. Foram obtidos os números de citações, em duas bases de dados, assim como o fator de impacto para as revistas nas quais os artigos foram publicados. RESULTADOS: Identificaram-se 43 artigos nacionais e 876 internacionais relacionados. Os brasileiros apresentaram fator de impacto médio de 3.000 contra 3.430 dos internacionais (p=0,041). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa quanto ao número de citações entre os grupos. A afiliação do primeiro autor à instituição brasileira ou estrangeira também não influenciou significativamente no número de citações nem no fator de impacto. CONCLUSÃO: Artigos brasileiros são significativamente menos aceitos em revistas de maior impacto sem aparente comprometimento de sua repercussão na comunidade científica.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether Brazilian articles on cancer are published in journals with an impact factor and/or repercussion (measured by the number of citations) inferior to those that come from foreign organizations. METHODS: A search was carried out in PubMed for the MeSH term "neoplasm" with the limits clinical trial, affiliation of the Brazilian author(s), and interval from July 1st, 2009 to June 30, 2010. Selected for matching were non-Brazilian related articles published from three months prior to three months after the date of publication of the Brazilian study. The numbers of citations were obtained from two databases, as well as the impact factor for the journals in which the articles were published. RESULTS: Forty-three national and 876 related international articles were identified. The Brazilian publications had a mean impact factor of 3.000 versus 3.430 of the international ones (p=0.041). There was no statistically significant difference as to the number of citations between the two groups. The affiliation of the first author with a Brazilian or foreign organization did not significantly influence the number of citations or the impact factor. CONCLUSION: Brazilian articles are significantly less accepted in journals with higher impact factors, although it does not compromise its repercussion on the scientific community.
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Oncologia , Neoplasias , Viés de Publicação , Publicações Científicas e TécnicasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate blood leukocyte counts in patients with uterine cervical neoplasia. METHODS: Patients treated at a university hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Disease progression was monitored, beginning in 1990 to 2002, for at least 5 years. Blood count parameters included absolute leukocyte, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, leukocytosis (white blood cells > 10³/µL), neutrophilia (neutrophils ≥ 70% of leukocytes), lymphopenia (lymphocytes ≤ 15% of leukocytes), and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), categorized as less than 5 or 5 or greater. RESULTS: A total of 315 patients were enrolled: 182 (57.8%) with preinvasive neoplasia (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN] group), 95 (30.1%) with stages I to II (early group), and 38 patients (12.1%) with stages III to IV neoplasia (advanced group). Neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were elevated and reduced, respectively, at advanced stages compared with the CIN group (P < 0.05). Leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and an NLR of 5 or greater were more frequent at advanced stages compared with the CIN and early-stage groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, neutrophilia was also significantly more frequent at early stage compared with the CIN group. The advanced group with neutrophilia had increased frequency of recidivism and metastasis than patients in the CIN group with neutrophilia (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with advanced cervical cancer had significantly higher frequency of leukocyte alterations, although they may occur apart from the preinvasive stages. Overall, neutrophilia was the best indicator of cancer invasiveness.