Assuntos
COVID-19 , Estudantes , Redação , Humanos , População Negra , Brasil/etnologia , Estudantes/psicologia , UniversidadesRESUMO
This study aims to evaluate the effect of a mental health Narrative Community-Based Group Therapy (NCGT) in Afro-Colombian violence survivors. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in Buenaventura and Quibdó, Colombia. Afro-Colombian adults (n=521) were randomly allocated to a NCGT (n1=175), a wait-control group (n2=171) or a Common Elements Treatment Approach (CETA, n3=175). The CETA was described separately given conceptual/methodological differences. Lay psychosocial community workers delivered the NCGT. Symptoms were assessed before and after intervention/wait with culturally adapted mental health symptoms and gender-specific functionality scales. Intent to treat analysis and mean difference of differences were used for comparisons. In Buenaventura, a significant reduction in functional impairment (mean difference: -0.30, 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]: -0.55, -0.05) and depression (mean difference: -0.24, 95% CI: -0.42, -0.07) were found, with small and moderate effect size, respectively. In Quibdó, functionality improved significantly (mean difference: -0.29, 95% CI: -0.54, -0.04, small effect size). Even though differences in depression and anxiety were not significant, there were reductions in symptoms. The NCGT is effective in improving daily functioning among violence victims in the Colombian Pacific and has the potential to reduce symptoms of depression. Further exploration is required to understand the effects of a narrative group therapy for mental health in Afro-Colombian populations.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01856673 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01856673).
Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Psicoterapia de Grupo , Adulto , Humanos , Colômbia , Saúde Mental , Violência/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/terapiaRESUMO
Reproductive and sexual health policies have long mobilised religious and political forces. In this interview conducted in September of 2021, Brazilian feminist activist and researcher Sonia Corrêa guides us through a genealogy of anti-gender politics showing how they have been grounded in carefully crafted discourses about rights and gender that hinge on interpretations of the 'original' intent as ascribed in 'founding' documents such as the bible. In her overview of the transnational connections and ramifications of anti-gender politics, Corrêa provides a critical analysis of their geopolitical connections and the disastrous effects they've had on sexual, reproductive and social rights. In highlighting the problems with naming anti-gender politics as 'anti-rights' and dismissing the strength and complexity of the forces behind them, Corrêa alerts us to the depth of their roots and urgent need for a shift in strategy to fight them.
Assuntos
Direitos Humanos , Política , Humanos , Feminino , Identidade de Gênero , Feminismo , Comportamento SexualRESUMO
Cisgender female sex workers (CFSW) continue to face structural barriers to HIV prevention. We analyzed the acceptability of the oral HIV self-test (HIV-ST) among CFSW as part of a pragmatic trial on HIV prevention in Brazil. Data from in-depth interviews conducted with 12 women from diverse sex worker contexts and participant observation were analyzed using thematic analysis. CFSW valued autonomy in their workplaces and saw the HIV-ST as a possibility for self-care. Some feared clients' reactions, manager reprimands, and a positive result. HIV and sex work stigma largely drove self-care practices and perceived acceptability of the self-test. We argue that the autonomy offered by the self-test presents a paradox: increasing autonomy on the one hand while risking sidestepping structural dimensions of HIV vulnerability on the other. These nuances must be considered in interventions promoting the HIV-ST by considering the specificities of sex worker contexts, addressing stigma, and effectively involving CFSW and their organizations in intervention development.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Infecções por HIV , Profissionais do Sexo , Brasil , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Trabalho Sexual , Estigma SocialRESUMO
In 2012, the World Health Organization guidelines for HIV prevention recommended the decriminalisation of sex work as their number one good practice. Although human rights language played a key role in the international scientific and activist endorsement of the WHO policies, since then there have been few initiatives in terms of advancing the kinds of structural and political changes endorsed. In this Commentary, we reflect on sex work's place in the broader field of the biomedicalization of responses to HIV. The analysis is based on literature reviews and our research trajectories, including preliminary results from a qualitative study on the implementation of PrEP in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We argue that sex workers occupy an ambiguous and less visible role in current AIDS policies, and that such policies are increasingly characterised by their prioritisation of biomedical approaches over structural factors. These shifts should be understood as part of a broader, global hegemony of clinical responses to HIV prevention and the continuation of a neoliberal discourse around human rights, without adequate investment in the material conditions necessary to guarantee these rights.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Direitos Humanos , Trabalho Sexual , Humanos , Brasil , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Trabalho Sexual/legislação & jurisprudência , Profissionais do SexoRESUMO
In Brazil, little data is available to inform HIV prevention programming for travestis and transgender ('trans') women, despite the existence of a social movement that has gained strength in recent years. We conducted formative research in Rio de Janeiro to gather trans women's perspectives on combination HIV prevention approaches. Framing the analysis within the model of gender affirmation, we found that several social and contextual factors inhibited participants' access to HIV prevention and treatment. Experienced and anticipated gender-related discrimination and HIV stigma were linked to the avoidance of HIV testing, health services and HIV status disclosure. Participants recommended HIV prevention interventions which combined socio-structural interventions, such as peer-based empowerment and social support, with biomedical interventions such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Participants expressed a preference for programmes and interventions that emphasised a gender-affirmative approach, promoted autonomy and aimed to reduce stigma and discrimination in public health services.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Profilaxia Pré-Exposição , Sexismo , Estigma Social , Pessoas Transgênero/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Apoio SocialRESUMO
Drawing on ethnographic research conducted from 2011 to 2015 and the authors' long-term engagement in diverse aspects of HIV and human rights advocacy in Brazil, this paper explores key elements of the Brazilian sex workers' movement response to HIV and the broader political factors that profoundly influenced its trajectory. We argue that the movement has constantly challenged representations of prostitution by affirming sex workers' roles as political actors, not just peer educators, in fighting the HIV epidemic and highlight their development of a sex positive and pleasure centred response that fought stigma on multiple fronts. Moments of tension such as the censorship of an HIV prevention campaign and implementation of 'test and treat' projects are analysed, as are the complex questions that Brazil's 2016 political and economic crisis evokes in terms of how to develop and sustain responses to HIV driven by communities but with material commitment from the State. We conclude with what we see to be the unique, central components of Brazilian sex workers' approach to HIV prevention and what lessons can be learned from it for broader collective health movements in Latin America and beyond.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Direitos Humanos , Profissionais do Sexo , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Política de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , PolíticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Exposure to violence has negative consequences on mental health. Armed-conflict in Colombia has widely affected Afro-descendants in the Pacific region. Evidence regarding effectiveness of mental health interventions is lacking in low-income settings, especially in areas with active conflict. The objective of this study is to evaluate an individualized Common Elements Treatment Approach (CETA), a transdiagnostic psychotherapy model based on Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, for adult trauma survivors. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A referred sample of 521 adult Afro-descendants from Buenaventura and Quibdó, Colombia, experiencing significant sadness, suffering or fear (score>0.77 in Total Mental Health Symptoms), with history of traumatic experiences, and with associated functional impairment were randomly allocated to CETA intervention, standby group without intervention, but under monthly monitoring, or a Narrative Community-Based Group Therapy. CETA was provided by trained Lay Psychosocial Community Workers without previous mental health experience, supervised by psychologists, during 12-14 weekly, 1.5-hour sessions. Symptoms were assessed with a locally validated survey built based on the Hopkins Symptom Checklist, the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, the PTSD CheckList-Civilian Version, a qualitative study for additional general symptoms and a gender-specific functional impairment scale. CETA was compared with the control group and the intervention effects were calculated with mixed models using intention to treat analysis. Participant completion of follow-up was 75.1% and 13.2% voluntarily withdrew. Reduction in post-traumatic stress symptoms was significant in both municipalities when comparing intervention and control groups (mean difference), with a with a moderate effect size in Buenaventura (Cohen's dâ = â0.70) and a small effect size in Quibdó (d = 0.31). In Buenaventura, the intervention also had significant effects on depression (large effect size d = 1.03), anxiety (large effect size d = 0.80) and functional impairment (moderate effect size d = 0.70). In Quibdó, it had no significant effect on these outcomes. Changes in Total Mental Health Symptoms were not significant in neither city. CONCLUSIONS: This trial suggests that CETA, can be effective in improving depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress and function among victims of systematized violence in low-income and active conflict settings. Nonetheless, the difference of effectiveness between the two cities of intervention may indicate that we cannot assume that a mental health intervention known to be effective in one setting will be effective in another, even in similar circumstances and population. This may have special importance when implementing and reproducing these types of intervention in non-controlled circumstances. Further research should address these concerns. Results can be of use by governmental decision-makers when defining mental health programs for survivors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01856673 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01856673).
Assuntos
População Negra , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodos , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/terapia , Sobreviventes , Violência/psicologia , Adulto , Idoso , População Negra/psicologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Depressão/diagnóstico , Depressão/etnologia , Depressão/psicologia , Depressão/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Análise de Intenção de Tratamento , Masculino , Saúde Mental/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/etnologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/diagnóstico , Estresse Psicológico/etnologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/terapia , Sobreviventes/psicologia , Violência/etnologia , Violência/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
In sub-Saharan Africa, young women engaged in relationships with multiple partners in order to gain material benefits play a key role in local HIV dynamics. This paper is based upon field observations and interviews with 38 young women who live along the Angolan-Namibian border. In the last 10 years, rapid urbanisation has attracted migrants in search of opportunities to do business in the region. Our findings show that sexual-affective economic networks reflect these socioeconomic changes. Women, particularly those from particular ethnic groups and/or from Namibia, with low levels of formal education and social support are often excluded from the labour market and turn to emotional-sexual male-centred networks for material and financial benefits. Men in these networks tend to be older, have higher socioeconomic status and greater geographic mobility. This 'capitalisation' of intimate relationships is material and symbolic; it enables women to acquire goods and access to services identified with an urban and globalised lifestyle. It is also emotional because relationships include affection and pleasure. Engaging in these relationships involves some social risks (bad reputation, family rejection, discrimination and violence), but maintaining ties often takes priority over safer sex and social sanctions.
Assuntos
Renda , Amor , Profissionais do Sexo/psicologia , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Angola , Feminino , Infecções por HIV , Humanos , Namíbia , Negociação , Parceiros Sexuais/psicologia , Apoio SocialRESUMO
Sex workers have been the protagonists and focus of HIV prevention campaigns and research since the late 1980s in Brazil. Through a review of national and international literature, combined with a history of sex workers' involvement in the construction of the Brazilian response, this article explores the overlaps and disconnects between research and practice in contexts of prostitution over the past three decades. We review the scientific literature on the epidemiology of HIV among sex workers and prevention methodologies. We conclude that although research focus and designs often reinforce the idea that sex workers' vulnerability is due to their sexual relationships with clients, their greatest vulnerability has been found to be with their nonpaying intimate partners. Few studies explore their work contexts and structural factors that influence safe sex practices with both types of partners. The negative effects of criminalization, stigma, and exclusively biomedical and peer education-based approaches are well documented in the scientific literature and experiences of sex worker activists, as is the importance of prevention programs that combine empowerment and human rights-based approach to reduce HIV infection rates. We conclude that there is a need for actions, policies, and research that encompass the environment and context of sex workers' lives and reincorporate the human rights and citizenship frame that dominated the Brazilian response until the end of the 2000s. As part of HIV prevention efforts, female sex workers need to be considered above all as women, equal to all others.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Gestão de Riscos , Trabalho Sexual , Parceiros SexuaisRESUMO
ABSTRACT Sex workers have been the protagonists and focus of HIV prevention campaigns and research since the late 1980s in Brazil. Through a review of national and international literature, combined with a history of sex workers' involvement in the construction of the Brazilian response, this article explores the overlaps and disconnects between research and practice in contexts of prostitution over the past three decades. We review the scientific literature on the epidemiology of HIV among sex workers and prevention methodologies. We conclude that although research focus and designs often reinforce the idea that sex workers' vulnerability is due to their sexual relationships with clients, their greatest vulnerability has been found to be with their nonpaying intimate partners. Few studies explore their work contexts and structural factors that influence safe sex practices with both types of partners. The negative effects of criminalization, stigma, and exclusively biomedical and peer education-based approaches are well documented in the scientific literature and experiences of sex worker activists, as is the importance of prevention programs that combine empowerment and human rightsbased approach to reduce HIV infection rates. We conclude that there is a need for actions, policies, and research that encompass the environment and context of sex workers' lives and reincorporate the human rights and citizenship frame that dominated the Brazilian response until the end of the 2000s. As part of HIV prevention efforts, female sex workers need to be considered above all as women, equal to all others.
RESUMO Prostitutas têm sido protagonistas e foco de campanhas de prevenção de HIV desde o final da década de 1980 no Brasil. Com base em um levantamento da literatura nacional e internacional, combinada com a trajetória do movimento de prostitutas na construção da resposta brasileira à epidemia, este artigo explora as sobreposições e incoerências entre pesquisa e prática em contextos de prostituição nas últimas três décadas. Na revisão da literatura científica, verificamos que a maior vulnerabilidade desse grupo social ocorre com os parceiros íntimos, não-comerciais; entretanto, o foco das pesquisas e a forma que são feitas geralmente reforçam a ideia de que a vulnerabilidade decorre de seus clientes. Ao mesmo tempo, há poucos estudos sobre seus contextos de trabalho e fatores estruturais que influenciam práticas sexuais mais seguras com ambos os tipos de parceiros. Os efeitos negativos da criminalização, do estigma, e de abordagens exclusivamente biomédicas e baseadas de uma forma isolada na metodologia de educação pelos pares estão bem documentados na literatura científica e nas experiências de ativistas, assim como a importância de programas de prevenção baseados em direitos humanos e sexuais. Concluímos que há necessidade de ações, políticas e pesquisas que incluam o ambiente e contexto nos quais profissionais do sexo trabalham, que reincorporem o arcabouço de direitos humanos e cidadania que dominou a resposta brasileira até o final da década de 2000, e que prostitutas devem ser consideradas e tratadas como mulheres, iguais a todas as outras.
Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Gestão de Riscos , Trabalho Sexual , Parceiros SexuaisRESUMO
This article provides an ethnographic analysis of Afro-Brazilian religious responses to the HIV epidemic in Recife. Drawing on participant observation and in-depth interviews conducted with Afro-Brazilian religious leaders and public health officials, it highlights the importance of the axé--a mystical energy manipulated in religious rituals that is symbolically associated with blood, sweat and semen. In an analysis of the relationship formed between the state AIDS programme and Afro-Brazilian religious centres, we conclude that the recognition of native categories and their meanings is one of the key elements to a fruitful dialogue between public health programmes and religious leaders that in the case studied, resulted in the re-signification of cultural practices to prevent HIV. Although the Afro-Brazilian religious leaders interviewed tended to be more open about sexuality and condom promotion, stigma towards people living with HIV (PLHIV) was still present within the religious temples, yet appeared to be more centred upon the perception of HIV as negatively affecting followers' axé than judgement related to how one may have contracted the virus. We discuss the tensions between taking a more liberal and open stance on prevention, while also fostering attitudes that may stigmatise PLHIV, and make suggestions for improving the current Afro-Brazilian response to the epidemic.
Assuntos
Comportamento Ritualístico , Infecções por HIV/etnologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Religião e Medicina , Espiritualidade , População Negra , Brasil/epidemiologia , Redes Comunitárias/organização & administração , Cultura , Epidemias , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/economia , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Saúde Pública , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Sêmen , Estereotipagem , Suor , Populações VulneráveisRESUMO
This study explored the focus on youth in Catholic and Evangelical Pentecostal discussions about and responses to HIV and AIDS in Brazil. Key informant, oral history and in-depth interviews revealed a disconnect between young people's views of themselves as leaders in their religious institutions' responses to HIV and other social problems, and adult religious leaders' views of young people as vulnerable and in need of being 'saved'. Religious leaders presented young people as institutional commodities, emphasizing their symbolic value as signs of the health and future of their churches. We explore the unofficial exchange between religious institutions and young people, who benefited from the leadership opportunities and communities provided by their churches and youth groups. We discuss the political economy of youth in religious institutions' responses to HIV and AIDS within the context of Brazil's high levels of religious mobility as well as the broader, global commodification of spirituality and religion.
Assuntos
Catolicismo , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Protestantismo , Religião e Sexo , Adolescente , Adulto , Antropologia Cultural , Brasil , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Religious institutions, which contribute to understanding of and mobilization in response to illness, play a major role in structuring social, political, and cultural responses to HIV and AIDS. We used institutional ethnography to explore how religious traditions--Catholic, Evangelical, and Afro-Brazilian--in Brazil have influenced HIV prevention, treatment, and care at the local and national levels over time. We present a typology of Brazil's division of labor and uncover overlapping foci grounded in religious ideology and tradition: care of people living with HIV among Catholics and Afro-Brazilians, abstinence education among Catholics and Evangelicals, prevention within marginalized communities among Evangelicals and Afro-Brazilians, and access to treatment among all traditions. We conclude that institutional ethnography, which allows for multilevel and interlevel analysis, is a useful methodology.
Assuntos
Antropologia Cultural , Infecções por HIV/psicologia , Infecções por HIV/terapia , Religião , Brasil , Catolicismo , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Organizações sem Fins Lucrativos , Protestantismo , Pesquisa Qualitativa , EstereotipagemRESUMO
The HIV epidemic has raised important tensions in the relationship between Church and State in many parts of Latin America where government policies frequently negotiate secularity with religious belief and doctrine. Brazil represents a unique country in the region due to the presence of a national religious response to HIV/AIDS articulated through the formal structures of the Catholic Church. As part of an institutional ethnography on religion and HIV/AIDS in Brazil, we conducted an extended, multi-site ethnography from October 2005 through March of 2009 to explore the relationship between the Catholic Church and the Brazilian National AIDS Program. This case study links a national, macro-level response of governmental and religious institutions with the enactment of these politics and dogmas on a local level. Shared values in solidarity and citizenship, similar organizational structures, and complex interests in forming mutually beneficial alliances were the factors that emerged as the bases for the strong partnership between the two institutions. Dichotomies of Church and State and micro and macro forces were often blurred as social actors responded to the epidemic while also upholding the ideologies of the institutions they represented. We argue that the relationship between the Catholic Church and the National AIDS Program was formalized in networks mediated through personal relationships and political opportunity structures that provided incentives for both institutions to collaborate.
Assuntos
Catolicismo , Comportamento Cooperativo , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Religião e Medicina , Antropologia Cultural , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Programas Nacionais de Saúde , Formulação de PolíticasRESUMO
Religious beliefs have had a key role in shaping local responses to HIV and AIDS. As the world's largest Catholic country, Brazil is no exception. Yet little research has been conducted to document how the religious doctrine is enacted in practice among its lay leaders and followers. In this article, we present ethnographic research from Recife, Brazil, conducted to understand the way in which religious doctrines are interpreted on a local level. Contextualized within the sociology of contemporary Brazilian Catholicism, we draw on interviews with clergy members, lay leaders and parishioners in order to discuss how the Catholic Church's vision of sexuality translates into the everyday lives of its followers by. We explore the disjuncture between the Catholic ideals of fidelity and delaying sex until marriage with the everyday reality of the Church's followers, highlighting the role that gender plays in defining sexual roles and expectations. We conclude posing questions for future research and HIV prevention strategies considering the formal institutional response of the Brazilian Catholic Church to AIDS on one hand, and the social and cultural contexts in which Catholics live their daily lives on the other.
RESUMO
Community mobilisation among sex workers is recognised as an important HIV/STI prevention strategy. However, factors such as poverty and stigma often negatively influence participation in activities that attempt to mobilise around a common identity of 'sex workers'. A qualitative study was conducted to explore the relationship between social identity and participation among 24 sex workers enrolled in an HIV/STI prevention intervention research project with a community mobilisation component. The relationship between social identity and participation was found to be a dynamic process in which participation in project clinic and community-based activities was motivated by three overlapping strategies: participation for psycho-social and health benefits; participation to improve individual status; and participation to change group status. Rather than mobilising around a 'sex worker identity', we conclude that projects with a community mobilisation approach may be more effective if they facilitate space for critical self-reflection and opportunities for collective action with an emphasis on acceptance and solidarity.
Assuntos
Trabalho Sexual , Identificação Social , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Redes Comunitárias , Feminino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Mudança Social , Desejabilidade Social , Adulto JovemRESUMO
O objetivo do estudo foi constituir uma linha de base para o monitoramento dos resultados do Programa Qualidade de Vida, Inclusão Social e Prevenção PositHIVa para Pessoas Vivendo com HIV/AIDS. Para isso o instrumento WHOQOL - Abreviado, da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) foi aplicado junto a 121 PVHA, sendo 39 homens e 89 mulheres atendidas pelos projetos-pilotos vinculados ao Programa de três Organizações da Sociedade Civil (OSCs), em Salvador, São Paulo e Distrito Federal. Os dados dos questionários foram tabulados utilizando SPSS 16.0, e conforme instruções do Grupo do WHOQOL para a codificação, verificação, limpeza e inclusão de dados. Houve maior participação feminina (67,8%) no estudo e maior concentração de PVHA na faixa etária entre 30 e 49 anos. Do total de respondentes, 36% das pessoas se auto declararam de cor preta, sendo este percentual idêntico para aquelas que se auto declararam de cor parda. No computo geral, aproximadamente 73% dos respondentes se auto declararam negros. A maioria das PVHA, 75,8% encontra-se desempregada. Na auto-avaliação de sua qualidade de vida, 42,1% das PVHA a definiram como "nem ruim nem boa" e 30,6% como "boa", e 3% das PVHA identificam sua qualidade de vida como "muito ruim". Apenas 5% das PVHA estão "muito insatisfeitos" com sua saúde, 37,5% se definem "satisfeitos" e 22,5% "insatisfeitos", sendo que a maioria se refere estar "satisfeita" (29,8%) com sua capacidade para o trabalho ou "muito satisfeita" (28,1%). A partir da soma dos percentuais obtidos para as categorias "satisfeito" (38%) e "muito satisfeito" (29,8%) é possível identificar u8m alto grau de satisfação consigo mesmo referido pelos/as participantes do estudo, inclusive com sua capacidade para o trabalho. Por meio dos resultados do estudo foi possível identificar o perfil e o nível de satisfação com a qualidade de vida das pessoas que acessam serviços e atividades das OSCs: faixa etária mais elevada; forte presença de negros e mulheres; alto nível de satisfação com a capacidade para o trabalho; número elevado de pessoas que não estão trabalhando e que estão satisfeitas com sua capacidade para o trabalho. Recomendações para atividades e estratégias para o Programa baseadas em tais resultados incluem: (I) identificar e implantar estratégias para a expansão do acesso às atividades do Programa para o segmento mais jovem da população; (II) incorporar às atividades de geração de renda e empregabilidade elementos que possam atrair maior interesse da população masculina; (III) implantar estratégias de sensibilização do setor privado para bordar a questão de empregabilidade de PVHA na perspectiva do empregado e do empregador; (IV) realizar entrevistas em profundidade e grupos focais na linha de comparação para se aprofundar algumas questões e/ou dados sobre qualidade de vida, capacidade e interesse para o trabalho e influência do estigma e discriminação na procura por trabalho.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , HIV , Soropositividade para HIV , Qualidade de Vida , Avaliação de Programas e Instrumentos de PesquisaRESUMO
O objetivo do estudo foi constituir uma linha de base para o monitoramento dos resultados do Programa Qualidade de Vida, Inclusão Social e Prevenção PositHIVa para Pessoas Vivendo com HIV/AIDS. Para isso o instrumento WHOQOL - Abreviado, da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) foi aplicado junto a 121 PVHA, sendo 39 homens e 89 mulheres atendidas pelos projetos-pilotos vinculados ao Programa de três Organizações da Sociedade Civil (OSCs), em Salvador, São Paulo e Distrito Federal. Os dados dos questionários foram tabulados utilizando SPSS 16.0, e conforme instruções do Grupo do WHOQOL para a codificação, verificação, limpeza e inclusão de dados. Houve maior participação feminina (67,8%) no estudo e maior concentração de PVHA na faixa etária entre 30 e 49 anos. Do total de respondentes, 36% das pessoas se auto declararam de cor preta, sendo este percentual idêntico para aquelas que se auto declararam de cor parda. No computo geral, aproximadamente 73% dos respondentes se auto declararam negros. A maioria das PVHA, 75,8% encontra-se desempregada. Na auto-avaliação de sua qualidade de vida, 42,1% das PVHA a definiram como "nem ruim nem boa" e 30,6% como "boa", e 3% das PVHA identificam sua qualidade de vida como "muito ruim". Apenas 5% das PVHA estão "muito insatisfeitos" com sua saúde, 37,5% se definem "satisfeitos" e 22,5% "insatisfeitos", sendo que a maioria se refere estar "satisfeita" (29,8%) com sua capacidade para o trabalho ou "muito satisfeita" (28,1%). A partir da soma dos percentuais obtidos para as categorias "satisfeito" (38%) e "muito satisfeito" (29,8%) é possível identificar u8m alto grau de satisfação consigo mesmo referido pelos/as participantes do estudo, inclusive com sua capacidade para o trabalho. Por meio dos resultados do estudo foi possível identificar o perfil e o nível de satisfação com a qualidade de vida das pessoas que acessam serviços e atividades das OSCs: faixa etária mais elevada; forte presença de negros e mulheres; alto nível de satisfação com a capacidade para o trabalho; número elevado de pessoas que não estão trabalhando e que estão satisfeitas com sua capacidade para o trabalho. Recomendações para atividades e estratégias para o Programa baseadas em tais resultados incluem: (I) identificar e implantar estratégias para a expansão do acesso às atividades do Programa para o segmento mais jovem da população; (II) incorporar às atividades de geração de renda e empregabilidade elementos que possam atrair maior interesse da população masculina; (III) implantar estratégias de sensibilização do setor privado para bordar a questão de empregabilidade de PVHA na perspectiva do empregado e do empregador; (IV) realizar entrevistas em profundidade e grupos focais na linha de comparação para se aprofundar algumas questões e/ou dados sobre qualidade de vida, capacidade e interesse para o trabalho e influência do estigma e discriminação na procura por trabalho.(AU)