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AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate in vitro individual and combined antifungal activity of propolis extract (PE) and oregano essential oil (OEO) against Penicillium allii, causal agent of blue mould disease. The chemical characterization of both products was also included. METHODS AND RESULTS: Chromatographic analysis of PE and OEO confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds. The antifungal susceptibility assays showed that PE and OEO were highly active against the mycelial growth and conidial germination of P. allii. PE and OEO MICs were 12·5 and 1·5 µl ml-1 , respectively. The MFCs of these products were 50 and 3·1 µl ml-1 , respectively. PE acted mainly through diffusion, while OEO acted by a mixed contribution of vapour and diffusion. Synergism and additive effect between both products were found in some combination ratios. CONCLUSION: PE and OEO, both natural products with different chemical composition, have a strong antifungal activity against P. allii and show a favourable interaction causing synergism. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The results of this study indicated the potential use of PE combined with OEO as a non-conventional strategy towards the formulation of a biofungicide to control blue mould disease in garlic seed-cloves.
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Ascomicetos , Alho , Óleos Voláteis , Origanum , Penicillium , Própole , Syzygium , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Própole/farmacologia , SementesRESUMO
One of the most common insect pests is Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), which affects different food commodities. A new effective approach for the management of insect pests is the development of new formulations based on essential oils (EO). However, few works informed about the relationship between insecticidal activity of EO or essential oils loaded polymeric nanoparticles (EOPN) and post-application temperature. In our work, palmarosa [Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Watson], geranium (Geranium maculatum L.), and peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) oils were formulated in a polyethylene glycol 6000 matrix to obtain EOPN. Geranium and palmarosa EOPN had sizes of 259 and 191 nm, respectively; the encapsulation efficiency (EE) was close to 90%, and the samples were monodisperse. The sizes from peppermint EOPN were around 380 nm, with an EE of 72%, and were polidisperse. In a contact toxicity bioassay, the insecticidal effect of the oils was increased by all EOPN, with palmarosa oil being the most toxic. In addition, the oils and their nanoparticles showed a significantly negative temperature coefficient when applied by contact. In a fumigant bioassay, just palmarosa and peppermint EOPN enhanced the oil activity and palmarosa EO and EOPN showed the highest toxic effect. In this case, the EO and EOPN insecticidal activity was unaffected by environmental temperature variation.
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Inseticidas/farmacologia , Mariposas/efeitos dos fármacos , Nanopartículas/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Cymbopogon/química , Parasitologia de Alimentos , Geranium/química , Controle de Insetos , Inseticidas/química , Óleos Voláteis/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Polímeros/química , TemperaturaRESUMO
Essential oils (EO) from peppermint, palmarosa, geranium, lavender and rosemary were tested against the German cockroach, Blatella germanica L. (Blattaria: Blatellidae). Peppermint and palmarosa oils were the most effective and were included in a polyethylene glycol 6000 matrix to obtain EO loaded polymeric nanoparticles (EOPN). The physicochemical analyses indicated that, at 7 days postformulation, peppermint EOPN had sizes of 380 nm, the loading efficiency (LE) was 72.25% and the polydispersity index (PDI) was >0.4 (polydisperse sample). Palmarosa EOPN had sizes of 191 nm; LE was 89.75% and PDI was <0.25 (monodisperse sample). Peppermint and palmarosa EOPN enhanced the lethal and sublethal effects of the EO on B. germanica. These results suggest that the newly developed nanoinsecticides could be successfully used to control German cockroach.
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Blattellidae/efeitos dos fármacos , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Nanopartículas/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Polietilenoglicóis/farmacologia , Animais , Feminino , Inseticidas/química , Masculino , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos de Plantas/química , Projetos de Pesquisa , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
This manuscript characterizes the demographics, presenting symptoms and risk factors of patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer at Hopital de L'Universite d'Etat d'Haiti (HUEH), Haiti's single largest healthcare facility. We conducted a prospective study of patients who presented to HUEH between January and March of 2016 with a lesion of the head or neck suspicious for cancer. All patients who met eligibility criteria received a biopsy, which was interpreted by a Haitian pathologist and when the specimen was available was confirmed by a team of pathologists from Stanford University. A total of 34 participants were identified. The biopsy-confirmed diagnoses were squamous cell carcinoma (n=7), benign (n=7), large cell lymphoma (n=2), ameloblastoma (n=2), pleomorphic adenoma (n=1), and adenocarcinoma (n=1). Fourteen patients were unavailable for biopsy. Patients with head and neck cancer had a mean age of 63.4 years, were majority male (62.5%), waited on average 10.9 months to seek medical attention, and most commonly presented with T-stage 3 or higher disease (87.5%). By characterizing patterns of head and neck cancer at HUEH we hope to facilitate efforts to improve early detection, diagnosis, and management of this important public health condition.
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While there is consistent evidence that episodes of physical exertion are associated with an immediately higher risk of acute ischemic vascular events, the risk of placental abruption immediately following episodes of physical exertion has not been studied. In a multicenter case-crossover study, we interviewed 663 women with placental abruption at 7 Peruvian hospitals between January 2013 and August 2015. We asked women about physical exertion in the hour before symptom onset and compared this with their frequency of physical exertion over the prior week. Compared with times with light or no exertion, the risk of placental abruption was 7.8 (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.5, 11.0) times greater in the hour following moderate or heavy physical exertion. The instantaneous incidence rate ratio of placental abruption within an hour of moderate or heavy physical exertion was lower for women who habitually engaged in moderate or heavy physical activity more than 3 times per week in the year before pregnancy (rate ratio (RR) = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.6, 5.9) compared with more sedentary women (RR = 17.3, 95% CI: 11.3, 26.7; P for homogeneity < 0.001), and the rate ratio was higher among women with preeclampsia/eclampsia (RR = 13.6, 95% CI: 7.0, 26.2) than among women without (RR = 6.7, 95% CI: 4.4, 10.0; P for homogeneity = 0.07).
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Descolamento Prematuro da Placenta/epidemiologia , Esforço Físico , Fatores de Tempo , Descolamento Prematuro da Placenta/etiologia , Adulto , Estudos Cross-Over , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Peru/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The Global Horizon Scanning Project (GHSP) is an innovative initiative that aims to identify important global environmental quality research needs. Here we report 20 key research questions from Latin America (LA). Members of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) LA and other scientists from LA were asked to submit research questions that would represent priority needs to address in the region. One hundred questions were received, then partitioned among categories, examined, and some rearranged during a workshop in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Twenty priority research questions were subsequently identified. These research questions included developing, improving, and harmonizing across LA countries methods for 1) identifying contaminants and degradation products in complex matrices (including biota); 2) advancing prediction of contaminant risks and effects in ecosystems, addressing lab-to-field extrapolation challenges, and understanding complexities of multiple stressors (including chemicals and climate change); and 3) improving management and regulatory tools toward achieving sustainable development. Whereas environmental contaminants frequently identified in these key questions were pesticides, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors or modulators, plastics, and nanomaterials, commonly identified environmental challenges were related to agriculture, urban effluents, solid wastes, pulp and paper mills, and natural extraction activities. Several interesting research topics included assessing and preventing pollution impacts on conservation protected areas, integrating environment and health assessments, and developing strategies for identification, substitution, and design of less hazardous chemicals (e.g., green chemistry). Finally, a recurrent research need included developing an understanding of differential sensitivity of regional species and ecosystems to environmental contaminants and other stressors. Addressing these critical questions will support development of long-term strategic research efforts to advance more sustainable environmental quality and protect public health and the environment in LA. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;14:344-357. © 2018 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Monitoramento Ambiental , Poluentes Ambientais/química , Poluição Ambiental/prevenção & controle , Pesquisa/normas , Mudança Climática , Ecossistema , Ecotoxicologia , Poluentes Ambientais/toxicidade , Substâncias Perigosas , Humanos , América Latina , Saúde Pública , Projetos de Pesquisa , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
The present work concerns the rational design and development of new inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) based on the privileged xanthone scaffold. In order to understand and rationalize the mode of action of these target structures a theoretical study was initially conducted. From the results of rational design, a new variety of amphiphilic xanthone derivatives were synthesized, structurally characterized and evaluated as potential anti-Alzheimer agents. The results showed that most of the synthesized compounds exhibited high AChE inhibitory activity at the micromolar range (IC50, 0.46-12.09µM). The synthetic xanthone 11 showed the best inhibitory effect on AChE and a molecular modeling study revealed that 11 targeted both the catalytic active site (CAS) and the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE. Therefore, this compound could be considered asa potential lead compound towards new drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Desenho de Fármacos , Xantonas/química , Xantonas/farmacologia , Acetilcolinesterase/química , Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Sítios de Ligação , Domínio Catalítico , Inibidores da Colinesterase/síntese química , Inibidores da Colinesterase/metabolismo , Inibidores da Colinesterase/farmacologia , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Ligação de Hidrogênio , Simulação de Acoplamento MolecularRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: RESPIRE, a randomized trial of an improved cookstove, was conducted in Guatemala to assess health effects of long-term reductions in wood smoke exposure. Given the evidence that ambient particles increase blood pressure, we hypothesized that the intervention would lower blood pressure. METHODS: TWO STUDY DESIGNS WERE USED: a) between-group comparisons based on randomized stove assignment, and b) before-and-after comparisons within subjects before and after they received improved stoves. From 2003 to 2005, we measured personal fine particle (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 microm; PM(2.5)) exposures and systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) among women > 38 years of age from the chimney woodstove intervention group (49 subjects) and traditional open wood fire control group (71 subjects). Measures were repeated up to three occasions. RESULTS: Daily average PM(2.5) exposures were 264 and 102 microg/m(3) in the control and intervention groups, respectively. After adjusting for age, body mass index, an asset index, smoking, secondhand tobacco smoke, apparent temperature, season, day of week, time of day, and a random subject intercept, the improved stove intervention was associated with 3.7 mm Hg lower SBP [95% confidence interval (CI), -8.1 to 0.6] and 3.0 mm Hg lower DBP (95% CI, -5.7 to -0.4) compared with controls. In the second study design, among 55 control subjects measured both before and after receiving chimney stoves, similar associations were observed. CONCLUSION: The between-group comparisons provide evidence, particularly for DBP, that the chimney stove reduces blood pressure, and the before-and-after comparisons are consistent with this evidence.
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Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados , Pressão Sanguínea , Fumaça , Madeira , Feminino , Guatemala , HumanosRESUMO
The paper reports results from analyses of the physical aggression against dating partners by four samples of university students in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, Mexican Americans and Non-Mexican Whites in El Paso and Lubbock Texas, and New Hampshire (N=1,544). The percent reporting partner violence (PV) was high in all samples, but also differed significantly between samples. The lowest rate was in New Hampshire (29.7%), followed by Texas, Non-Mexican Whites (30.9%), Texas Mexican American (34.2%), and the highest rate was in Juarez (46.1%). When only severe assaults were compared, the differences between samples was similar, i.e., lowest in New Hampshire and highest in Juarez. In all four samples, there was no significant difference between males and females in either the overall prevalence of physical aggression or the prevalence of severe attacks. Among the 553 couples where one or both of the partners were violent, in almost three quarters of the cases (71.2%) there was gender symmetry in the sense that both partners engaged in this type of behavior. When only one partner was violent, this was twice as likely to be the female partner (19.0%) as the male partner (9.8%). Among the 205 couples where there was an act of severe aggression, symmetry was less prevalent (56.6%), but when only one partner was violent, it was again twice as likely to be the female partner (29.8% female only versus 13.7 male partner only). These results are consistent with the gender symmetry in PV found in many studies. They extend those results by showing that gender symmetry prevails in four different cultural contexts. The presence of gender symmetry in these different cultural contexts, combined with studies showing that women are injured more often and more seriously by partner-assaults, and studies showing that women initiate PV as often as men, suggests that programs and policies aimed at primary prevention of PV by women are crucial to ending PV and for reducing the victimization of men and women.
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Corte , Violência/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Comparação Transcultural , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Americanos Mexicanos/psicologia , Americanos Mexicanos/estatística & dados numéricos , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , New Hampshire , Prevalência , Recidiva , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Classe Social , Desejabilidade Social , Texas , Violência/etnologia , Violência/prevenção & controle , Violência/psicologiaRESUMO
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in sheep, Ovar-Mhc, is poorly characterised, when compared to other domestic animals. However, its basic structure is similar to that of other mammals, comprising class I, II and III regions. Currently, there is evidence for the existence of four class I loci. The class II region is better characterised, with evidence of one DRA, four DRB (one coding and three non-coding), one DQA1, two DQA2, and one each of the DQB1, DQB2, DNA, DOB, DYA, DYB, DMA, and DMB genes in the region. The class III region is the least characterised, with the known presence of complement cascade (C4, C2 and Bf), TNFalpha and CYP21 genes. Products of the class I and II genes, MHC molecules, play a pivotal role in antigen presentation required for eliciting immune responses against invading pathogens. Several studies have focused on polymorphisms of Ovar-Mhc genes and their association with disease resistance. However, more research emphasis is needed on characterising the remaining Ovar-Mhc genes and developing simplified and cost-effective methods to score gene polymorphisms. Haplotype screening, employing multiple markers rather than single genes, would be more meaningful in MHC-disease association studies, as it is well known that most of the MHC loci are tightly linked, exhibiting very little recombination. This review summarises the current knowledge of the structure of Ovar-Mhc and polymorphisms of genes located in the complex.
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Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/genética , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/genética , Imunidade Inata/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Doenças dos Ovinos/genética , Animais , Antígenos HLA/genética , Haplótipos/genética , Humanos , Camundongos , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/imunologia , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in sheep, Ovar-Mhc, is poorly characterised, when compared to other domestic animals. However, its basic structure is similar to that of other mammals, comprising class I, II and III regions. Currently, there is evidence for the existence of four class I loci. The class II region is better characterised, with evidence of one DRA, four DRB (one coding and three non-coding), one DQA1, two DQA2, and one each of the DQB1, DQB2, DNA, DOB, DYA, DYB, DMA, and DMB genes in the region. The class III region is the least characterised, with the known presence of complement cascade (C4, C2 and Bf), TNFalpha and CYP21 genes. Products of the class I and II genes, MHC molecules, play a pivotal role in antigen presentation required for eliciting immune responses against invading pathogens. Several studies have focused on polymorphisms of Ovar-Mhc genes and their association with disease resistance. However, more research emphasis is needed on characterising the remaining Ovar-Mhc genes and developing simplified and cost-effective methods to score gene polymorphisms. Haplotype screening, employing multiple markers rather than single genes, would be more meaningful in MHC-disease association studies, as it is well known that most of the MHC loci are tightly linked, exhibiting very little recombination. This review summarises the current knowledge of the structure of Ovar-Mhc and polymorphisms of genes located in the complex.
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Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/genética , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/genética , Doenças dos Ovinos/genética , Imunidade Inata/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Antígenos HLA/genética , Doenças dos Ovinos/imunologia , Haplótipos/genética , Ovinos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
This article reports the prevalence of neglectful behavior by parents of university students in 17 nations (6 in Europe, 2 in North America, 2 in Latin America, 5 in Asia, Australia, and New Zealand) and tests the hypothesis that neglect is a risk factor for violence against a dating partner. The percentage at each university who experienced neglectful behavior ranged from 3.2% to 36% (median 12%), and the percentage who perpetrated violence against dating partners ranged from 15% to 45% (median 28%). Multilevel modeling found that the more neglectful behavior experienced as a child the greater the probability of assaulting and injuring a dating partner and that the link between experiencing neglect and perpetrating violence is stronger at universities in which dating violence is more prevalent. Efforts to help parents avoid neglectful behavior can make an important contribution to primary prevention of partner violence and probably also other forms of child maltreatment.
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Maus-Tratos Infantis/estatística & dados numéricos , Pais , Parceiros Sexuais , Maus-Tratos Conjugais/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes , Universidades , Violência , Adulto , Agressão , Ásia/epidemiologia , Austrália/epidemiologia , Canadá/epidemiologia , Criança , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , América Latina/epidemiologia , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Although obesity is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, the mechanism has not been fully explained. Since thrombosis is a critical component of cardiovascular disease, we examined the relationship between obesity and hemostatic factors. We studied 3230 subjects (55% females, mean age 54 years) without a history of cardiovascular disease in cycle 5 of the Framingham Offspring Study. Obesity was assessed by body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio. Fasting blood samples were obtained for fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) antigen, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) antigen, factor VII antigen, von Willebrand factor (VWF), and plasma viscosity. Body mass index was directly associated with fibrinogen, factor VII, PAI-1 and tPA antigen in both men and women (p>0.001) and with VWF and viscosity in women. Similar associations were present between waist-to-hip ratio and the hemostatic factors. With minor exceptions for VWF and viscosity, all associations persisted after controlling for age, smoking, total and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose level, blood pressure, and use of antihypertensive medication. The association between increased body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio and prothrombotic factors and impaired fibrinolysis suggests that obesity is a risk factor whose effect is mediated in part by a prothrombotic state.
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Obesidade/sangue , Trombofilia/etiologia , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Índice de Massa Corporal , Fator VII/análise , Saúde da Família , Feminino , Fibrinogênio/análise , Hemostasia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio/sangue , Fatores de Risco , Trombofilia/sangue , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual/sangue , Relação Cintura-QuadrilRESUMO
The protozoan parasite Leishmania has a digenetic life cycle, alternating between the promastigote and the amastigote stages. Amastigotes infect macrophage cells and reside in the hydrolytic environment of the phagolysosome. Leishmania show distinct morphological and biochemical changes during differentiation into amastigotes. These alterations are believed to be regulated by stage-specific expression of a discrete number of genes. Selective-suppression PCR, a PCR-based subtractive hybridization technique, identified two genes preferentially expressed in L. mexicana lesion amastigotes: a novel gene family, A600, and a differentially expressed beta-tubulin gene. Northern blot analysis confirmed amastigote-specific expression of these genes and quantitation showed a sixfold higher abundance of A600 and beta-tubulin transcripts in lesion amastigotes. The A600 gene was predicted to contain a 293-bp open reading frame (ORF) that was tandemly repeated in the L. mexicana genome. Sequence analysis predicted that the A600 ORF encodes either a membrane-bound or a secreted protein that may have a functional role in amastigote differentiation or intraphagolysosomal parasite survival.
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DNA Complementar/análise , DNA de Protozoário/análise , Leishmania mexicana/genética , Proteínas de Protozoários/genética , Tubulina (Proteína)/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Northern Blotting , Southern Blotting , DNA Complementar/química , DNA Complementar/genética , DNA de Protozoário/química , DNA de Protozoário/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Genoma de Protozoário , Leishmania mexicana/química , Camundongos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Família Multigênica , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Proteínas de Protozoários/fisiologia , RNA de Protozoário/genética , Mapeamento por Restrição , Alinhamento de Sequência , Especificidade da Espécie , Tubulina (Proteína)/químicaRESUMO
CONTEXT: Childhood vaccination has reduced rubella disease to low levels in the United States, but outbreaks continue to occur. The largest outbreak in the past 5 years occurred in Nebraska in 1999. OBJECTIVES: To examine risk factors for disease, susceptibility of the risk population, role of vaccine failure, and the need for new vaccination strategies in response to the Nebraska rubella outbreak. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Investigation of 83 confirmed rubella cases occurring in Douglas County, Nebraska, between March 23 and August 24, 1999; serosurvey of 413 pregnant women in the outbreak locale between October 1998 and March 1999 (prior to outbreak) and April and November 1999 (during and after outbreak). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Case characteristics, compared with that of the general county population; area childhood rubella vaccination rates; and susceptibility among pregnant women before vs during and after the outbreak. RESULTS: All 83 rubella cases were unvaccinated or had unknown vaccination status and fell into 3 groups: (1) 52 (63%) were young adults (median age, 26 years), 83% of whom were born in Latin American countries where rubella vaccination was not routine. They were either employed in meatpacking plants or were their household contacts. Attack rates in the plants were high (14.4 per 1000 vs 0. 19 per 1000 for general county population); (2) 16 (19%), including 14 children (9 of whom were aged <12 months) and 2 parents, were US-born and non-Hispanic, who acquired the disease through contacts at 2 day care facilities (attack rate, 88.1 per 1000); and (3) 15 (18%) were young adults (median age, 22 years) whose major disease risk was residence in population-dense census tracts where meatpacking-related cases resided (R(2) = 0.343; P<.001); 87% of these persons were born in Latin America. Among pregnant women, susceptibility rates were 13% before the outbreak and 11% during and after the outbreak. Six (25%) of 24 susceptible women tested were seropositive for rubella IgM. Rubella vaccination rates were 90.2% for preschool children and 99.8% for school-aged children. CONCLUSIONS: A large rubella outbreak occurred among unvaccinated persons in a community with high immunity levels. Crowded working and living conditions facilitated transmission, but vaccine failure did not. Workplace vaccination could be considered to prevent similar outbreaks. JAMA. 2000;284:2733-2739.
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Surtos de Doenças , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Vacina contra Rubéola , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/epidemiologia , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Local de Trabalho , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Emigração e Imigração , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Nebraska/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Fatores de Risco , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/prevenção & controle , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/transmissão , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , América do Sul , Local de Trabalho/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio descripivo sobre el régimen devida en el IPVCE "Eusebio Olivera" en la semana lectiva del 25 al 29 de enero, del curso escolar 1987-88 para conocer el cumplimiento de las actividades comprendidas en dicho régimen de acuerdo a las recomendaciones higiénico-sanitarias y como influía el mismo en el estado nutricional de los alumnos. Fueron aplicadas encuestas al 91,5 por ciento de los educandos, utilizando el porcentaje en la obtención de los resultados, observándose que no se cumplia satisfactoriamente con algunos de los elementos del régimen devida y que existia un 21 por ciento de estudiantes clasificados como malnutridos por exceso.(AU)
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Humanos , Adolescente , Educação Vocacional , Estilo de VidaRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio descripivo sobre el régimen de vida en el IPVCE "Eusebio Olivera" en la semana lectiva del 25 al 29 de enero, del curso escolar 1987-88 para conocer el cumplimiento de las actividades comprendidas en dicho régimen de acuerdo a las recomendaciones higiénico-sanitarias y como influía el mismo en el estado nutricional de los alumnos. Fueron aplicadas encuestas al 91,5 por ciento de los educandos, utilizando el porcentaje en la obtención de los resultados, observándose que no se cumplia satisfactoriamente con algunos de los elementos del régimen de vida y que existia un 21 por ciento de estudiantes clasificados como malnutridos por exceso.(AU)
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Humanos , Adolescente , Educação Vocacional , Estilo de VidaRESUMO
The EEGs of 9 infants and 9 adults undergoing cardiac surgery were analysed during 2 different temperature ranges. Variance analysis showed that there were very significant interactions between age and temperature effects (P less than 0.01) and between temperature and specific frequency bands (P less than 0.005). These interactions were studied further and the greatest changes were discovered in the infant group when the temperature fell from the upper to the lower hypothermic range: low delta activity increased significantly while those of alpha and theta fell significantly. The significant quantitative differences found in this study agree with qualitative observations from other reports.