RESUMO
Avian haemosporidians of the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus are a group of widely distributed blood parasites that can negatively affect the fitness of their hosts. Colombia contains the greatest diversity of birds on the planet, but knowledge about the associations between haemosporidian and its avifauna is scarce and fragmented. We collected blood samples from 255 birds (203 residents and 52 neotropical migrants) belonging to 27 families and 108 species. The study was conducted in six localities in the inter-Andean valleys of the Cauca and Magdalena rivers. Parasites of the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus were identified in the samples by morphological and molecular analysis of a fragment of the mitochondrial gene cyt b. Among the samples, 9.3% (n = 24) were positive for Plasmodium or Haemoproteus. Co-infection with Plasmodium and Haemoproteus was found in Red-eyed Vireo. Seventeen haemosporidian lineages were identified, five of which were reported for the first time in resident birds (Common Ground Dove, Checker-throated Stipplethroat, Tropical Kingbird, Pale-breasted Thrush, and Ruddy-breasted Seedeater) and one in the Summer Tanager (neotropical migrant). The research results confirm the wide diversity of haemosporidian present in tropical lowlands and the possible role of neotropical migratory birds in dissemination on haemosporidian along their migratory routes.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves , Aves , Haemosporida , Plasmodium , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais , Animais , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Haemosporida/classificação , Haemosporida/isolamento & purificação , Haemosporida/genética , Aves/parasitologia , Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Plasmodium/classificação , Plasmodium/isolamento & purificação , Plasmodium/genética , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/parasitologia , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Citocromos b/genética , Migração Animal , Filogenia , Coinfecção/parasitologia , Coinfecção/veterinária , Coinfecção/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Hidden collective organization of cancer cells can partially or completely return to embryoid genotype-phenotype with the plasticity to transform their morphology on cell embryoblast-like memory entities by expression of dormant genes that arise from embryogenesis. After hundreds of driver mutations, cancer cells gain new abilities or attributes and recapitulate early stages of embryogenesis. Our findings document how malignant tissues reactivated ancestral storage memory and elaborate inside tumor glands spiral-pyramidal-fractal chiral crystals (Tc) as geometric attractor proteins and biomimicry the primitive cellular blastocyst embryoblast fluid-filled cavity. The resultant evolutionary embryoblast-like entity has higher survivability and spatial cephalic-caudal growth organization with pluripotentiality that carry the correct DNA instructions to repair, and regenerate. The isolation and manipulation of these order structures can guide and control the regenerative pathway mechanism in human tumors as follows: modify and reprogram the phenotype of the tumor where these entities are generated, establish a reverse primordial microscopic mold to use the swirlonic collective behavior of cellular building blocks to regenerate injured tissues, convert cancer cells to a normal phenotype through regeneration using the organizational level and scale properties of reverse genetic guidance, global control of mitotic activity and morphogenetic movements avoiding their spread and metastasis, determining a better life prognosis for patients who incubate these entities in their tumors compared to those who do not express them. An emergent self-repair order structure, biological template can develop targeted therapeutic alternatives not only in cancer but also in treatment of autoimmune, viral diseases, and in regenerative medicine and rejuvenation.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To determine the causes of fetal death among the stillbirths using two classification systems from 22 weeks of gestation in a period of three years in high-risk pregnancies. This is a retrospective observational study. METHODS: The National Institute of Perinatal Health in Mexico City is a Level 3 care referral center attending high-risk pregnancies from throughout the country. The population consisted of patients with fetal death during a three-year period. Between January 2016 and December 2018, all stillbirths were examined in the Pathology Department by a pathologist and a medical geneticist. Stillbirth was defined as a fetal death occurring after 22 weeks of gestation. RESULTS: Main outcome measures: Causal analysis of fetal death using the International Statistical Classification of Disease and Related Health Problems-Perinatal Mortality (ICD-PM) and initial causes of fetal death (INCODE) classification systems. A total of 297 stillborn neonates were studied. The distribution of gestational age in antepartum stillbirths (55.2%) showed a bimodal curve, 36% occurred between 24 and 27 weeks and 32% between 32 and 36 weeks. In comparison, the majority (86%) of intrapartum deaths (44.8%) were less than 28 weeks of gestation. Of the 273 women enrolled, 93 (34%) consented to a complete fetal autopsy. The INCODE system showed a present cause in 42%, a possible cause in 54% and a probable cause in 93% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The principal causes of antepartum death were fetal abnormalities and pathologic placental conditions and the principal causes of intrapartum death were complications of pregnancy which caused a premature labor and infections.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Congênitas , Morte Fetal/etiologia , Doenças Placentárias , Complicações na Gravidez , Natimorto/epidemiologia , Adulto , Causalidade , Causas de Morte , Anormalidades Congênitas/diagnóstico , Anormalidades Congênitas/epidemiologia , Feminino , Mortalidade Fetal , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Doenças Placentárias/diagnóstico , Doenças Placentárias/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Resultado da Gravidez/epidemiologia , Gravidez de Alto RiscoRESUMO
The Colombian Tropical Andes are one of the regions with highest bird diversity on Earth. However, information on bird morphology, reproductive phenology, and molt is particularly scarce in this region. Also, this region is heavily impacted by deforestation, and it is vulnerable to climate change. Hence, providing baseline information on life history and morphological traits will be essential to support future research on functional diversity, climate change effects, conservation, evolution, and phenology. To fill this gap, we have compiled information on bird distribution, morphology, molt, and reproductive phenology at 52 localities of the Department of Caldas, covering an elevation range between 148 and 3845 m. This compilation comprises a wide range of habitats, including native forests, forestry plantations, croplands, and paramo. Our database presents information for 3,398 records belonging to 379 bird species (representing 23 orders, 53 families, and 258 genera). From those records, 2,843 correspond to information collected in the field between 2008 and 2019, and the remaining 555 records correspond to specimens deposited in the Natural History Museum of the Caldas University, collected between 1969 and 2014. We measured nine morphological traits from all specimens: total culmen, gape, bill width, bill depth, tarsus, wing length, tail length, total length, and mass. We also have reproductive condition information for 257 species and molt information available for 378 species. The information contained in this data set represents ~20% of the Colombian avifauna and ~11% of the bird species richness in South America. This data set is released for non-commercial use only. Credits should be given to this paper (i.e., proper citation), and the products generated with this database should be shared under the same license terms (CC BY-NC-SA).
Assuntos
Aves , Florestas , Animais , Colômbia , Ecossistema , Humanos , América do SulRESUMO
Los pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer están en riesgo de malnutrición debido al efecto físico o metabólico de la enfermedad y a las terapias utilizadas en su manejo. La pérdida de peso y la malnutrición, son problemas frecuentes que afectan del 40% al 80% de los pacientes con cáncer, prolongando la estadía hospitalaria, disminuyendo la tolerancia y respuesta a la terapia, encareciendo los costos, afectando la calidad y sobrevida global. Objetivo: evaluar el estado nutricional y el riesgo de desnutrirse en pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer en el Hospital General San Felipe. Material y Métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal, no aleatorizado, en 100 pacientes oncológicos adultos en los que se determinó los datos generales, sintomatología, hábitos tóxicos, comorbilidades, medidas antropométricas, índice de masa corporal y rendimiento físico. Se aplicó el instrumento de la Valoración Global Subjetiva Generada por el Paciente. Resultados: de los 100 casos estudiados 80 fueron mujeres y 20 hombres, los tipos de cáncer más frecuentes fueron: de mama, genital femenino, esófago-gástrico y colo-rectal; la mayoría presentaron síntomas de impacto nutricional. El uso de alcohol y tabaco fue 18% y 11% respectivamente. La hipertensión arterial y la diabetes mellitus fueron las comorbilidades más frecuentes; 48% presentaron índice de masa corporal en rango normal, 14% bajo peso y 38% sobrepeso. Según la Escala del Grupo Oncológico Cooperativo del Este 47% presentaron estado funcional normal y el 53% se encontró cierto grado de afectación. Al aplicarse el instrumento para Valoración Global Subjetiva, 55% de los 100 casos perdieron peso en los últimos 6 meses y 63% en el último mes. De acuerdo a la escala de reconocimiento físico global 59 pacientes mostraron déficit de peso, la evaluación del tejido graso y muscular mostró déficit en más de la mitad de los casos, 60% de los pacientes estaban moderada a severamente malnutridos y el riesgo de desnutrirse fue del 90%. Conclusión: la condición nutricional está afectada en más de la mitad de los casos y el riesgo de desnutrirse está presente en la mayoría de los pacientes oncológicos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Neoplasias , Estado Nutricional , Estado Nutricional/efeitos da radiação , Desnutrição Proteico-CalóricaRESUMO
Cancer is, by definition, the uncontrolled growth of autonomous cells that eventually destroy adjacent tissues and generate architectural disorder. However, this concept cannot be totally true. In three well documented studies, we have demonstrated that cancer tissues produce order zones that evolve over time and generate embryoid body structures in a space-time interval. The authors decided to revise the macroscopic and microscopic material in well-developed malignant tumors in which embryoid bodies were identified to determine the phenotype characterization that serves as a guideline for easy recognition. The factors responsible for this morphogenesis are physical, bioelectric, and magnetic susceptibilities produced by crystals that act as molecular designers for the topographic gradients that guide the surrounding silhouette and establish tissue head-tail positional identities. The structures are located in amniotic-like cavities and show characteristic somite-like embryologic segmentation. Immunophenotypic study has demonstrated exclusion factor positional identity in relation to enolase-immunopositive expression of embryoid body and human chorionic gonadotropin immunopositivity exclusion factor expression in the surrounding tissues. The significance of these observations is that they can also be predicted by experimental image data collected by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) accelerator at the European Organization for Nuclear Research, in which two-beam subatomic collision particles in the resulting debris show hyperorder domains similar to those identified by us in intercellular cancer collisions. Our findings suggest that we are dealing with true reverse biologic system information in an activated collective cancer stem cell memory, in which physics participates in the elaboration of geometric complexes and chiral biomolecules that serve to build bodies with embryoid print as it develops during gestation. Reversal mechanisms in biology are intimately linked with DNA repair. Further genotype studies must be carried out to determine whether the subproducts of these structures can be used in novel strategies to treat cancer.
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We have documented self-assembled geometric triangular chiral crystal complexes (GTCHC) and a framework of collagen vascular invariant geometric attractors in cancer tissues. This article shows how this system evolves in time. These structures are incorporated together and evolve in different ways. When the geometric core is stable, and the tissue architecture collapses, fragmented components emerge, which reveal a hidden interior identifying how each molecule is reassembled into the original mold, using one common connection, ie, a fractal self-similarity that guided the system from the beginning. GTCHC complexes generate ejected crystal comet tail effects and produce strange helicity states that arise in the form of spin domain interactions. As the crystal growth vibration stage progresses, biofractal echo images converge in a master-built construction of embryoid bodies with enolase-selective immunopositivity in relation to clusters of triangular chiral cell organization. In our electro-optic collision model, we were able to predict and replicate all the characteristics of this complex geometry that connects a physical phenomenon with the signal patterns that generate biologic chaos. Intrinsically, fractal geometry makes spatial correction errors embrace the chaotic system in a way that permits new structures to emerge, and as a result, an ordered self-assembly of embryoid bodies with neural differentiation at the final stage of cancer development is a predictable process. We hope that further investigation of these structures will lead not only to a new way of thinking about physics and biology, but also to a rewarding area in cancer research.
RESUMO
The present study describes and documents self-assembly of geometric triangular chiral hexagon crystal like complex organizations (GTCHC) in human pathological tissues. The authors have found this architectural geometric expression at macroscopic and microscopic levels mainly in cancer processes. This study is based essentially on macroscopic and histopathologic analyses of 3000 surgical specimens: 2600 inflammatory lesions and 400 malignant tumours. Geometric complexes identified photographically at macroscopic level were located in the gross surgical specimen, and these areas were carefully dissected. Samples were taken to carry out histologic analysis. Based on the hypothesis of a collision genesis mechanism and because it is difficult to carry out an appropriate methodological observation in biological systems, the authors designed a model base on other dynamic systems to obtain indirect information in which a strong white flash wave light discharge, generated by an electronic device, hits over the lines of electrical conductance structured in helicoidal pattern. In their experimental model, the authors were able to reproduce and to predict polarity, chirality, helicoid geometry, triangular and hexagonal clusters through electromagnetic sequential collisions. They determined that similar events among constituents of extracelular matrix which drive and produce piezoelectric activity are responsible for the genesis of GTCHC complexes in pathological tissues. This research suggests that molecular crystals represented by triangular chiral hexagons derived from a collision-attraction event against collagen type I fibrils emerge at microscopic and macroscopic scales presenting a lateral assembly of each side of hypertrophy helicoid fibers, that represent energy flow in cooperative hierarchically chiral electromagnetic interaction in pathological tissues and arises as a geometry of the equilibrium in perturbed biological systems. Further interdisciplinary studies must be carried out to reproduce, manipulate and amplify their activity and probably use them as a base to develop new therapeutic strategies in cancer.
Assuntos
Neoplasias/patologia , Animais , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , RatosRESUMO
Virtualmente, todos los pacientes que se diagnostican con cáncer tienen una respuesta inicial de malestar, estrés o perturbación emocional. El diagnóstico de cáncer afecta a los pacientes y sus familiares en múltiples áreas. La palabra cancer, de por sí, trae temor y produce altos grados de incertidumbre, lo cual genera altas demandas para los pacientes y sus familias. Se ha establecido que entre un 30% y un 50% de las personas con cáncer presentan alguna alteración psicológica que amerita tratamiento. La depresión y la ansiedad son los trastornos más frecuentes y muchas veces no son atendidos. Los pacientes que tienen dificultad en adaptarse representan un claro reto para el equipo clínico, ya que el mismo equipo se ve en la necesidad de responder a múltiples problemas psicológicos y sociales. El estudio y la necesidad de un mejor entendimiento de los aspectos biopsicosociales del paciente con cáncer favorecieron la aparición de la psicooncología como subespecialidad del área oncológica. Este artículo pretende explicar los tratamientos psicosomáticos para los pacientes con cáncer basándose en la respuesta psicológica del paciente y sus familiares durante los diferentes estadios de la enfermedad (psicosocial) y en los aspectos sicológicos, sociales y de comportamiento que influencian la morbilidad y mortalidad del paciente con cáncer (psicobiológico). Se hace hincapié en tratamientos dirigidos a prevención, psicoterapia, psicofarmacología y terapias alternativas.
In essence all patients that received a cancer diagnosis have an initial response that includes stress, distress, or emotional discomfort. A cancer diagnosis affects the patient and his family in multiple areas. The word cancer by itself brings a high level of uncertainty and fear, which generates high demands for the patient and his family. It has been established that 30-50 % of patients with a cancer diagnosis have a significant degree of distress that requires treatment by professional staff. Depression and Anxiety are the most frequent disorders present in these patients, unfortunately, very often, they are ignored and not treated. Patients that have difficulties adjusting to their new situation clearly represent a challenge to the treatment team. The team suddenly faces the responsibility to answer to multiple psycho-social problems. Psycho-oncology, as a subspecialty in the oncology area, was developed in order to have a better understanding of the psychosocial aspects of the cancer patient, and therefore provide a more appropriate care for these patients. In this article we intent to discuss the psychosomatic treatments available for the cancer patient. The foundations of these treatments are the psychological responses of patients and their families during the different stages of disease (psychosocial) and the influence in morbidity and mortality by aspects related to behavior, social norms, and individual psychological state (psychobiology). We will discuss treatments with emphasis on prevention, psychotherapy, psychopharmacology and alternative therapies.