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High levels of phosphorus and pathogens in runoff are 2 major concerns following manure applications to fields. Phosphorus losses from fields following manure applications have been linked to the solubility of phosphorus in manure; therefore, by decreasing manure phosphorus solubility, a decrease in phosphorus loss in runoff should be apparent. The objective of this research was to develop a process using quicklime that would result in reduced phosphorus solubility and bacteria counts in broiler litter. The 4 litter treatments evaluated were T1, new wood shavings without the addition of quicklime; T2, used, untreated broiler litter; T3, used litter with 10% quicklime (based on the weight of the litter); and T4, used litter with 15% quicklime (based on the weight of the litter). Body weight, cumulative feed consumption, and feed conversion (feed:BW) were determined on a weekly basis through 42 d of age. Mortality was recorded daily. Carcass weights and percentages of carcass yield without giblets were determined prechill. Litter pH, total phosphorus, nitrogen, soluble phosphorus, litter moisture (%), and total plate counts were measured for each litter treatment on d 7 and 42 after bird placement. No significant differences were found for BW, feed consumption, feed conversion, mortality, carcass weight, or carcass yield. No breast or footpad blisters were observed. On d 7, 15% quicklime had higher (P < 0.001) pH (11.2) when compared with the other treatments. Percentages of phosphorus and nitrogen were lower (P < 0.001) for new wood shavings in comparison with the used litter treatments. Soluble phosphorus (ppm) was lower (P < 0.001) for 15% quicklime (2.75) when compared with new wood shavings (42.2), untreated broiler litter (439.2), and 10% quicklime (35.0). Although not significant, 15% quicklime had lower total plate counts (cfu/g) in comparison with the other treatments on d 1 and 10 postmixing and at 7 d after bird placement. Litter conditions on d 42 after bird placement were similar. We concluded that the use of quicklime as a treatment for broiler litter would initially reduce nitrogen and soluble phosphorus and bacteria counts without negatively affecting bird productivity.

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Palm kernel meal (PKM), a by-product from the African Palm oil industry that is extensively cultivated in tropical countries, is an interesting feed ingredient for poultry due to its availability and low cost. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of different levels of PKM in layer diets. This particular PKM contained 9.70% crude protein, 0.20% methionine, 0.36% lysine, and a TMEn value of 2,254 kcal/kg. A control diet based on corn and soybean meal and five different levels of PKM added to it were fed to Single Comb White Leghorn hens from 18 to 38 wk of age. The PKM levels were 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%. The hens were housed three per cage (30.5 cm wide x 45.7 cm deep). The six treatments were assigned randomly to three contiguous cages in each of eight rows in a randomized complete block design. Egg production was recorded daily, and feed consumption for an entire week was recorded every 21 d. Egg weight and specific gravity were recorded for 3 consecutive d every 21 d. Mortality was recorded daily. Results show that egg production was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) only with 50% PKM in the diet. Feed conversion was not affected by any level of PKM. Specific gravity was slightly but significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by all levels of added PKM. Feed consumption, mortality, and egg weight did not differ significantly among the treatments. We concluded that this particular PKM may be used up to 40% in the diet, taking into account that specific gravity may be slightly decreased.

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RESUMO

We examined the effect of substituting conventional corn (CC; 3.5% crude fat) with high oil corn (HOC; 8.81 and 6.75% crude fat) on broiler performance. In Experiment 1, 100 chicks were assigned to 16 experimental pens consisting of two treatments. Treatment 1, the control group used CC, whereas in Treatment 2, CC was totally replaced with HOC containing 8.81% crude fat. In Experiment 2, 52 chicks were assigned to each of 16 experimental pens divided also into two treatments. Treatment 1 was the control group using CC and in Treatment 2 CC was totally replaced by HOC (6.75% crude fat). Body weight, cumulative feed intake, and feed efficiency were determined weekly for each pen from 7 to 42 d of age. Carcass weight and percentage yield were determined prechill. Results in Experiment 1 showed no significant differences for any parameter measured. In Experiment 2, body weight was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for birds fed HOC at 42 d of age. There were no significant differences among treatments for the remaining parameters. These results indicate that comparable performance of broilers can be obtained when CC is substituted with HOC.

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The objective of this study was to measure the effect of substituting different levels of shrimp meal (SM) for soybean meal (SBM) in broiler diets. In Experiment 1, 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% of the crude protein contributed by the SBM in broiler diets was substituted by crude protein from SM. In Experiment 2, 0, 60, 80, and 100% of the crude protein contributed by SBM in broiler diets was replaced by crude protein from SM. Body weight, cumulative feed consumption, and feed conversion (feed:gain) were determined on a weekly basis for 49 d in Experiment 1 and 42 d in Experiment 2. Mortality was reported daily. Carcass weight and percentage yield were determined on a prechilled basis. In Experiment 1, no significant differences were found for body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion, mortality, carcass weight, or yield. In the second experiment, body weight was found to be significantly higher (P < 0.01) at 21, 28, 35, and 42 d of age in treatments in which SM was introduced at a 100% substitution for SBM. Growth responses to SM were also seen at lower levels of substitution at 21, 28, and 35 d. No significant differences were observed for feed consumption, feed conversion, mortality, or carcass yield for any of the treatments. Carcass weight increased significantly by 12.1% when SM was substituted 100% for SBM. Results of the present study show that the particular SM used in this study could partially or totally replace SBM in broiler diets without negatively affecting performance or carcass quality.

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We report a case of a seven months old female patient with diagnosis of generalized primary elastosis or cutis laxa, that also presented a posterior perineal hernia; it was treated with surgery (abdominal and perineal) and the postoperatory evolution was favorable. In the literature it had been reported around 100 cases of posterior perineal hernia; but most of them occurred in adults patients of the female sex, with a high proportion of pregnancy or as a result of radical cancer surgery like pelvic exenteration. This is the first case of posterior perineal hernia in the Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez and the third founded in pediatric age in the literature.

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