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Introduction: The incidence of squamous carcinoma of the oropharynx (OPSCC) has presented an increase worldwide, a fact that occurs along with a phenomenon of epidemiological transition, whose pathogenesis is linked to human papilloma virus (HPV) in a significant part of the cases. Published evidence at the Latin American level is scarce. The present study aims to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with oropharyngeal cancer treated in a public oncology reference centre in Chile. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out. Patients with histological confirmation of OPSCC aged 18 years or older, referred to the National Cancer Institute of Chile between 2012 and 2023 were included. The association with HPV was determined by immunohistochemistry for p16. Results: 178 patients were analysed, most of them in locoregionally advanced stages involving the palatine tonsil. Seventy-seven percent were male, with a median age of 60 years. Sixty-seven percent of patients were positive for p16, with a progressive increase to 85% in the last 2 years of the study. The p16(+) patients were younger and had fewer classical risk factors. Primary treatment was radiotherapy in 94% of patients. Conclusion: The epidemiological profile of patients with OPSCC treated in a Chilean public oncology referral centre reflects the epidemiological transition observed in developed countries. This change justifies the need to adapt health policies and conduct research that considers the characteristics of this new epidemiological profile.
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The flavonoid izalpinin was isolated from the aerial parts of Chromolaena leivensis. Its structural determination was carried out using MS and NMR spectroscopic techniques (1H, 13C). This compound was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory effect in a rat model on λ-carrageenan-induced plantar edema. Paw inflammation was measured at one-hour intervals for seven hours following the administration of λ-carrageenan. Serum creatine kinase (CK) levels were evaluated, obtaining statistically significant results with the treatments at doses of 10 mg/kg (* p < 0.01) and 20 mg/kg (** p < 0.005). The anti-inflammatory effect of the compound was evaluated by using plethysmography, and the results showed significant differences at the three concentrations (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg) in the first and third hours after treatment. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001 vs. the negative control group treated with vehicle (DMSO). Lastly, molecular docking analyses reveal that izalpinin has a strong binding affinity with five target proteins involved in the inflammatory process. The analysis using molecular dynamics allowed demonstrating that the ligand-protein complexes present acceptable stability, with RMSD values within the allowed range.
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Anti-Inflamatórios , Chromolaena , Ratos , Animais , Carragenina/efeitos adversos , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Edema/metabolismoRESUMO
In this manuscript, the synthesis of enamine-type Schiff bases 1−48 derived from the amino acids L-Ala, L-Tyr, and L-Phe was carried out. Their in vitro activity and in vivo protective effect against Fusarium oxysporum were also evaluated through mycelial growth inhibition and disease severity reduction under greenhouse conditions. The in vitro activity of test compounds 1−48 showed half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) at different levels below the 40 mM range. Deep analysis of the IC50 variations indicated that the size of the substituent on the acetylacetone derivatives and the electronic character on the cyclohexane-3-one fragment influenced the antifungal effect. 3D-QSAR models based on atoms (atom-based approach) were built to establish the structure−activity relationship of the test Schiff bases, showing a good correlation and predictive consistency (R2 > 0.70 and Q2 > 0.60). The respective contour analysis also provided information about the structural requirements for potentiating their antifungal activity. In particular, the amino acid-related fragment and the alkyl ester residue can favor hydrophobic interactions. In contrast, the nitrogen atoms and enamine substituent are favorable regions as H-donating and electron-withdrawing moieties. The most active compounds (40 and 41) protected cape gooseberry plants against F. oxysporum infection (disease severity index < 2), involving adequate physiological parameters (stomatal conductance > 150 mmol/m2s) after 45 days of inoculation. These promising results will allow the design of novel Schiff base-inspired antifungals using 2-amino acids as precursors.
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Una serie de amidas N-alquilsustituidas 1-16 fueron sintetizadas a partir de malonato de dietilo y ésteres de alquilo derivados de los aminoácidos L-triptófano, L-alanina, L-fenilalanina y L-tirosina. Los métodos de síntesis empleados involucraron calentamiento por irradiación de microondas empleando tanto un ácido de Lewis (AlCl3) o 4-dimetilaminopiridina (DMAP) como catalizador y auxiliar nucleofílico, respectivamente. Los resultados sugieren que el uso de irradiación de microondas y de DMAP conlleva mejores rendimientos en un tiempo de reacción más corto. Para ilustrar las diferencias observadas, se presentan las propuestas mecanísticas de cada método de reacción para la formación de amidas N-alquilsustituidas. Finalmente, las amidas sintetizadas se evaluaron en condiciones in vitro frente a Fusarium oxysporum; mostraron actividad antifúngica a diferentes niveles (0,40 mM < IC50 < 29,1 mM), lo cual indicó que las variaciones de la actividad observada de este grupo de compuestos pueden deberse al efecto de la amida acíclica como bioisóstero no clásico de algunas fitoalexinas heterocíclicas.
N-alkyl substituted amides 1-16 were synthesized from diethyl malonate and alkyl esters derived from the amino acids L -tryptophan, L -alanine, L -phenylalanine, and L -tyrosine. In addition, a microwave-assisted protocol was employed using a Lewis acid (AlCl3) or dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as a catalyst and nucleophilic auxiliary, respectively, affording the desired compounds. The results suggest that DMAP-catalyzed reactions under microwave irradiation yield higher during short reaction times. Each reaction method's mechanistic proposals for forming N-alkyl-substituted amides are presented to illustrate the observed differences. The synthesized amides were evaluated under in vitro conditions against Fusarium oxysporum. The compounds exhibited antifungal activity at different levels (0.40 mM < IC50 < 29.1 mM). These results indicated that the observed activity variations of this compound group might be due to the effect of acyclic amide as a non-classical bioisostere of some heterocyclic phytoalexins.
Uma série de amidas N-alquil substituídas foram sintetizadas a partir de malonato de dietila e ésteres alquílicos derivados dos aminoácidos Ê-triptofano, L -alanina, L-fenilalanina e L-tirosina. Os métodos de síntese empregados foram realizados usando aquecimento por irradiação de micro-ondas empregando um ácido de Lewis (AlCl3) ou dimetilaminopiridina (DMAP) como catalisador. Os resultados sugerem que a irradiação de micro-ondas usando DMAP leva a melhores rendimentos em um tempo de reação mais curto. Para ilustrar as diferenças observadas, são apresentadas as propostas mecanísticas de cada método de reação para a formação de amidas N-alquilsubstituídas. Finalmente, as amidas sintetizadas foram avaliadas in vitro contra Fusarium oxysporum, mostrando atividade antifúngica em diferentes níveis (0.40 mM < IC50 < 29.1 mM), o que indica que as variações observadas na atividade desse grupo de compostos podem ser devidas ao efeito de amida acíclica como um bioisóstero não clássico de algumas fitoalexinas heterocíclicas.
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Neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) have been of great interest to scientists for a long time due to their multifactorial character. Among these pathologies, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of special relevance, and despite the existence of approved drugs for its treatment, there is still no efficient pharmacological therapy to stop, slow, or repair neurodegeneration. Existing drugs have certain disadvantages, such as lack of efficacy and side effects. Therefore, there is a real need to discover new drugs that can deal with this problem. However, as AD is multifactorial in nature with so many physiological pathways involved, the most effective approach to modulate more than one of them in a relevant manner and without undesirable consequences is through polypharmacology. In this field, there has been significant progress in recent years in terms of pharmacoinformatics tools that allow the discovery of bioactive molecules with polypharmacological profiles without the need to spend a long time and excessive resources on complex experimental designs, making the drug design and development pipeline more efficient. In this review, we present from different perspectives how pharmacoinformatics tools can be useful when drug design programs are designed to tackle complex diseases such as AD, highlighting essential concepts, showing the relevance of artificial intelligence and new trends, as well as different databases and software with their main results, emphasizing the importance of coupling wet and dry approaches in drug design and development processes.
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Schiff bases are widely used molecules due to their potential biological activity. In this manuscript, we presented the synthesis and NMR study of new enamine Schiff bases derived from l-tryptophan, showing that the Z-form of the enamine is the main tautomeric form for aliphatic precursors. The DFT-B3LYP methodology at the 6-311+G**(d,p) level suggested that the tautomeric imine forms are less stable than the corresponding enamine forms. Their isomerism depends on the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds and steric factors associated with the starting carbonyl precursors. The in vitro biological activity tests against Fusarium oxysporum revealed that acetylacetone derivatives are the most active agents (IC50 < 0.9 mM); however, the antifungal activity could be disfavored by bulky groups on ester and enamine moieties. Finally, the structure-based virtual screening through molecular docking and MM-GBSA rescoring revealed that Schiff bases 3e, 3g, and 3j behave putatively as binders for target proteins involved in the life processes of F. oxysporum. In this sense, molecular dynamics analysis showed that the ligand-protein complexes have good stability with root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) values within the allowed range. Therefore, the present study paves the way for designing new antifungal compounds based on l-tryptophan-derived Schiff bases.
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Background: Ilex guayusa Loes. belongs to the family Aquifoliaceae. It is an evergreen tree native to the Amazon region. According to traditional uses, it is used as a diaphoretic, narcotic, purgative, among other uses. Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant capacity, quantify phenols and total flavonoids of extracts obtained from Ilex guayusa leaves. Methods: Total ethanolic extract was obtained using Soxhlet-type equipment, with subsequent liquid/liquid fractionation with solvents of different polarities (petroleum ether, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate); were reacted with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPHâ¢) and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTSâ¢+), determining the inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) and relative antioxidant activity (%AAR), with subsequent statistical analysis (ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc). Total phenols and flavonoids were quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and complex formation with AlCl3, respectively. Results: The ethanolic extract of leaves showed the highest antioxidant activity in both the DPPH⢠and ABTSâ¢+ methods with IC50 values of 4.58 and 3.82 ppm, respectively. Conclusions: According to the results obtained in this study, it was possible to corroborate that the ethanolic extract (EE) obtained from the leaves of I. guayusa showed the highest antioxidant capacity, by the DPPH⢠and ABTSâ¢+ methods. Additionally, it was possible to relate this capacity to the high flavonoids content present in this extract. Based on the above and accompanied by future studies, the Ilex guayusa species could be proposed as an important source of antioxidant compounds with possible application in medicine and the food industry
Antecedentes:Ilex guayusa Loes. pertenece a la familia Aquifoliaceae. Es un árbol perenne, nativo de la región amazónica. De acuerdo con los usos tradicionales es empleada como diaforético, narcótico, purgativo, entre otros usos. Objetivo: Evaluar la capacidad antioxidante, cuantificar fenoles y flavonoides totales de extractos obtenidos a partir de las hojas de Ilex guayusa. Métodos: El extracto etanólico total se obtuvo mediante un equipo tipo "Soxhlet", con posterior fraccionamiento líquido/líquido con solventes de diferentes polaridades (éter de petróleo, diclorometano y acetato de etilo); se hicieron reaccionar con 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidracilo (DPPHâ¢) y ácido 2,2'-azino-bis-3-etilbenzotiazolin-6-sulfónico (ABTSâ¢+), determinando la concentración inhibitoria 50 (IC50) y la actividad antioxidante relativa (%AAR), con posterior análisis estadístico (ANOVA y post-hoc de Tukey). Los fenoles y flavonoides totales se cuantificaron con el método de Folin-Ciocalteu y el de formación de complejos con AlCl3, respectivamente. Resultados: El extracto etanólico de las hojas fue el que presentó mayor actividad antioxidante tanto en el método DPPH⢠como en el ABTSâ¢+ con valores de IC50 de 4,58 y 3,82 ppm, respectivamente. Conclusiones: De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos en este estudio, se pudo corroborar que el extracto etanólico obtenido de las hojas de I. guayusamostró la mayor capacidad antioxidante, por los métodos DPPH⢠y ABTSâ¢+. Adicionalmente, se pudo relacionar esta capacidad con el alto contenido de flavonoides presentes en este extracto. Con base en lo anterior y acompañado de futuros estudios, la especie I. guayusa podría proponerse como una importante fuente de compuestos antioxidantes con posible aplicación en los campos de la medicina y la industria alimentaria
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Humanos , Compostos Fenólicos , Ilex guayusa , AntioxidantesRESUMO
Vascular wilt caused by F. oxysporum (FOX) is one of the main limitations of producing several agricultural products worldwide, causing economic losses between 40% and 100%. Various methods have been developed to control this phytopathogen, such as the cultural, biological, and chemical controls, the latter being the most widely used in the agricultural sector. The treatment of this fungus through systemic fungicides, although practical, brings problems because the agrochemical agents used have shown mutagenic effects on the fungus, increasing the pathogen's resistance. The design and the synthesis of novel synthetic antifungal agents used against FOX have been broadly studied in recent years. This review article presents a compendium of the synthetic methodologies during the last ten years as promissory, which can be used to afford novel and potential agrochemical agents. The revision is addressed from the structural core of the most active synthetic compounds against FOX. The synthetic methodologies implemented strategies based on cyclo condensation reactions, radical cyclization, electrocyclic closures, and carbon-carbon couplings by metal-organic catalysis. This revision contributes significantly to the organic chemistry, supplying novel alternatives for the use of more effective agrochemical agents against F. oxysporum.
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Agricultura , Antifúngicos , Fusarium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Antifúngicos/síntese química , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Plants synthesize a large number of natural products, many of which are bioactive and have practical values as well as commercial potential. To explore this vast structural diversity, we present PSC-db, a unique plant metabolite database aimed to categorize the diverse phytochemical space by providing 3D-structural information along with physicochemical and pharmaceutical properties of the most relevant natural products. PSC-db may be utilized, for example, in qualitative estimation of biological activities (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, QSAR) or massive docking campaigns to identify new bioactive compounds, as well as potential binding sites in target proteins. PSC-db has been implemented using the open-source PostgreSQL database platform where all compounds with their complementary and calculated information (classification, redundant names, unique IDs, physicochemical properties, etc.) were hierarchically organized. The source organism for each compound, as well as its biological activities against protein targets, cell lines and different organism were also included. PSC-db is freely available for public use and is hosted at the Universidad de Talca.
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Bases de Dados de Compostos Químicos , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Plantas/química , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Compostos Fitoquímicos/metabolismo , Plantas/metabolismo , Relação Quantitativa Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Abstract Lithopedion (lithos = rock and paidion = child) is a rare condition that only occurs in 1.5 to 1.8% of extrauterine pregnancies and in 0.00045% of all pregnancies. It consists of an ectopic pregnancy in which the fetus dies but cannot be reabsorbed by the mother's body, which then coats it in a calcium-rich substance.We present the case of a 77-year-old woman with an incidental diagnosis of a lithopedion, which had been retained in her left pelvis for presumably 40 years.
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Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Calcinose/diagnóstico por imagem , Feto/diagnóstico por imagem , Achados IncidentaisRESUMO
Lithopedion (lithos = rock and paidion = child) is a rare condition that only occurs in 1.5 to 1.8% of extrauterine pregnancies and in 0.00045% of all pregnancies. It consists of an ectopic pregnancy in which the fetus dies but cannot be reabsorbed by the mother's body, which then coats it in a calcium-rich substance. We present the case of a 77-year-old woman with an incidental diagnosis of a lithopedion, which had been retained in her left pelvis for presumably 40 years.
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Calcinose , Feto , Idoso , Calcinose/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Feto/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Achados IncidentaisRESUMO
The activation of microglia has been recognized for over a century by their morphological changes. Long slender microglia acquire a short sturdy ramified shape when activated. During the past 20 years, microglia have been accepted as an essential cellular component for understanding the pathogenic mechanism of many brain diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. More recently, functional studies and imaging in mouse models indicate that microglia are active in the healthy central nervous system. It has become evident that microglia release several signal molecules that play key roles in the crosstalk among brain cells, i.e., astrocytes and oligodendrocytes with neurons, as well as with regulatory immune cells. Recent studies also reveal the heterogeneous nature of microglia diverse functions depending on development, previous exposure to stimulation events, brain region of residence, or pathological state. Subjects to approach by future research are still the unresolved questions regarding the conditions and mechanisms that render microglia protective, capable of preventing or reducing damage, or deleterious, capable of inducing or facilitating the progression of neuropathological diseases. This novel knowledge will certainly change our view on microglia as therapeutic target, shifting our goal from their general silencing to the generation of treatments able to change their activation pattern.
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Encéfalo/fisiologia , Comunicação Celular/fisiologia , Microglia/fisiologia , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/fisiopatologia , Neurônios/fisiologia , Animais , Astrócitos/citologia , Astrócitos/fisiologia , Encéfalo/citologia , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/genética , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/metabolismo , Movimento Celular , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Camundongos , Proteínas dos Microfilamentos/genética , Proteínas dos Microfilamentos/metabolismo , Microglia/citologia , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/genética , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/metabolismo , Neurônios/citologia , Neurotransmissores/genética , Neurotransmissores/metabolismo , Oligodendroglia/citologia , Oligodendroglia/fisiologia , Fagocitose , Receptores de Superfície Celular/genética , Receptores de Superfície Celular/metabolismoRESUMO
In recent decades, essential oils (EOs) have become an important alternative source of antimicrobial agents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of EOs obtained from the leaves of Myrcianthes leucoxyla Mc. Vaughn., Vallea stipularis L.f and Phyllanthus salviioius Kunth for prevalent microbial strains and also to contribute to the knowledge of their chemical composition. EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. The main compounds for V. stipularis EO were α-tujene (6.6%) and cedrene epoxide (12.0%), for M leucoxila EO 1,8 cineole (6.3%) and caryophyllene oxide (21.7%), and for P. salviifolius aristolene (17.3%) and geranyl tiglate (15.9%). Antimicrobial tests showed that M leucoxyla EO was the most active, showing zones of inhibition against all strains used, specifically against Pseudomonas aenginosa and Salmonella typhimurium with percentages of inhibition higher than 50%. Compared with positive controls, this activity may be related to the presence of 1,8 cineole.
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Anti-Infecciosos , Elaeocarpaceae/química , Myrtaceae/química , Óleos Voláteis , Phyllanthus/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Colômbia , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fungos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Introducción: la invaginación intestinal, que consiste en el telescopaje de una parte del intestino dentro de otra, es la causa más común de obstrucción intestinal en los niños de 3 meses a 5 años. La intususcepción puede ser clasificada por su etiología o más comúnmente por su punto de origen. La localización ileocólica representa alrededor del 90% de los casos. El diagnóstico de la invaginación intestinal puede ser difícil y requiere de una alta sospecha clínica, sobre todo cuando los síntomas y signos típicos no están presentes. La radiografía simple de abdomen y el ultrasonido son los estudios más utilizados para el diagnóstico de la intususcepción intestinal. En un gran número de pacientes, la invaginación puede ser reducida sin necesidad de cirugía, sin embargo, el fracaso de estos métodos no invasivos, el retraso en el manejo inicial y la presencia de signos que sugieran peritonitis son indicaciones claras de laparotomía. Caso: se presenta el caso de una paciente de 2 meses de edad con intususcepción intestinal ileo-ilear e ileo-cólica con manejo quirúrgico. Palabras clave: intususcepción, invaginación, obstrucción intestinal.
Introduction: intussusception, which is the telescoping of a portion of the intestine into another, is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in children 3 months to 5 years. Intussusception can be classified by etiology or more commonly by point of origin. The ileocolic location represents about 90% of cases. The diagnosis of intussusception can be difficult and requires a high clinical suspicion, especially when the typical signs and symptoms are not present. Plain abdominal radiography and ultrasound studies are used for diagnosis of intestinal intussusception. In a large number of patients, intussusception can be reduced without surgery, however, failure of noninvasive methods, the delay in initial treatment and the presence of signs suggesting peritonitis are clear indications of laparotomy. Case: a case report of a 2 months age patient with ileo-ilear and ileo-colic intussusception with surgical management.
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Humanos , Feminino , Lactente , Pediatria , Ultrassonografia , Gastroenterologia , Doenças do Íleo , Valva Ileocecal , Obstrução Intestinal , Intussuscepção , Ceco , Abdome Agudo , Íleo , IntestinosRESUMO
PURPOSE: This aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of splinting mini-implants on marginal bone loss when used to retain mandibular overdentures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: With mathematical models, a finite element analysis was performed to compare the bone stress distribution around two mini-implants, either splinted with a bar superstructure or not splinted. In the clinical portion of this study, 90 mini-implants were placed in the anterior mandibles of 45 completely edentulous patients selected from a public health center. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups. Group-ball (22 patients, n = 44) received two single ball-type mini-implants, and group-bar (23 patients, n = 46) received two mini-implants splinted with a prefabricated bar. All implants were placed using a flapless technique and loaded immediately. Marginal bone loss was assessed through standardized retroalveolar radiographs of each mini-implant and compared 5, 10, 15, and 24 months after implant placement. RESULTS: The finite element analysis showed the highest minimum principal stress (-118 MPa) in bone surrounding the unsplinted mini-implant, while around the splinted implants the principal stresses were -56.8 MPa. After 2 years of follow-up in the clinical study, group-ball showed a trend toward greater marginal bone loss than group-bar (1.43 ± 1.26 mm and 0.92 ± 0.75 mm, respectively). Group-ball showed a significantly higher prevalence of vertical bone loss than group-bar (chi-square test, two-tailed). CONCLUSION: Splinted mini-implants with a rigid superstructure decrease the bone stress level in comparison with single mini-implants. The effects of bone stress magnitude may explain the clinical outcome, in which splinted mini-implants supporting a mandibular overdenture showed less marginal bone loss compared with nonsplinted mini-implants. Vertical bone resorption morphology was significantly more prevalent in the latter group.
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Perda do Osso Alveolar/prevenção & controle , Implantes Dentários , Planejamento de Prótese Dentária , Prótese Dentária Fixada por Implante , Revestimento de Dentadura , Contenções , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Perda do Osso Alveolar/etiologia , Perda do Osso Alveolar/patologia , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Implantação Dentária Endóssea/instrumentação , Implantação Dentária Endóssea/métodos , Implantes Dentários/efeitos adversos , Prótese Dentária Fixada por Implante/efeitos adversos , Análise do Estresse Dentário , Retenção de Dentadura/instrumentação , Feminino , Análise de Elementos Finitos , Humanos , Arcada Edêntula/patologia , Arcada Edêntula/reabilitação , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Mandíbula/patologia , Mandíbula/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Teóricos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Pré-Protéticos Bucais/instrumentação , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Pré-Protéticos Bucais/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Distal tears of the biceps tendon are rare lesions and account for 3-5% of all biceps lesions. Surgical treatment produces better outcomes than conservative treatment from the perspective of forearm flexion and supination. Different implants and approaches are currently available to improve the course of patients and reduce the postoperative complications. The case of a patient who underwent surgical treatment with anatomical reattachment with anchors is presented herein as well as his two-year follow-up. This is considered as an excellent outcome given that the patient remained asymptomatic and returned to his previous athletic activity without complications.
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Braço , Traumatismos dos Tendões , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Ruptura , Traumatismos dos Tendões/cirurgiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The presence of anatomic variants in the knee may confuse the unwary orthopedic surgeon and alter diagnosis and consequently treatment and results in knee arthroscopy. CASE REPORT: We present a 35-years-old male that underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction, and an anatomic variable was discovered, previously reported as oblique menisco-meniscal ligament. No procedure was performed to this variant in order to preserve the normal articular biomechanics prior the accident that cause the ACL rupture. DISCUSSION: We assess the importance of recognition of normal anatomic variants in the knee, as well as the types of menisco-meniscal ligament. This variants are important to keep in mind for inexpert arthroscopic surgeons.
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Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/anormalidades , Adulto , Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirurgia , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Tibial bone defects are usually results of: high energy trauma, infections, bone tumors, and are associated to soft tissue lesion. The most successful way to fill bone defects is the use of autologous bone grafting with adequate blood supply and soft tissue coverage. PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical and functional outcome of post-traumatic bone defects treated with vascularized bone allograft, fibular tibialization, and bone transport with Ilizarov method. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective longitudinal study with 12 patients, from October 2000 to November 2005, with a 33.6 months follow up average. RESULTS: Seven male and five female, all of them treated previously in other institutions were included in the study. We found excellent clinical and functional results in five patients, good results in five and bad in two, with an average of surgical procedures of three. COMPLICATIONS: Pseudoarthrosis, fibular fusion and non union. DISCUSSION: Postraumatic bone defects can be treated successfully using different techniques: Vascularized bone graft, tibialization, end bone transport with Ilizarov method. Bone transport allows filling of bone defect with adequate soft tissue coverage and length discrepancy management. CONCLUSIONS: These choices of treatment are different solutions with post-traumatic bone defects in patients candidate for amputation.
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Técnica de Ilizarov , Tíbia/lesões , Tíbia/cirurgia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
The prophylactic use of antibiotics when a hip replacement procedure is performed has been subject of intense debate. Prevention of such an infection is complex, with many unresolved issues that require considerable investigation. The attentive application of reasonable principles of infection control with the goals of optimization of the wound environment, augmentation of the host response, and minimization of bacterial contamination in the preoperative, and postoperative time-period is essential to that overall reduction of the frequency of infection. We present the antibiotic prophylaxis used in the American British Cowdray Medical Center between January 1999 to July 2003. after hip arthroplasty in 532 patients. The main antibiotic used was cefalotin in 53.76% of the cases, but only in 3.2 % a one day prophylaxis treatment recommended in the literature is used, with septic loosening of 3.9%.