RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To address the current practice of liberating patients from invasive mechanical ventilation in pediatric intensive care units, with a focus on the use of standardized protocols, criteria, parameters, and indications for noninvasive respiratory support postextubation. METHODS: Electronic research was carried out from November 2021 to May 2022 in Ibero-American pediatric intensive care units. Physicians and respiratory therapists participated, with a single representative for each pediatric intensive care unit included. There were no interventions. RESULTS: The response rate was 48.9% (138/282), representing 10 Ibero-American countries. Written invasive mechanical ventilation liberation protocols were available in only 34.1% (47/138) of the pediatric intensive care units, and their use was associated with the presence of respiratory therapists (OR 3.85; 95%CI 1.79 - 8.33; p = 0.0008). The most common method of liberation involved a gradual reduction in ventilatory support plus a spontaneous breathing trial (47.1%). The mean spontaneous breathing trial duration was 60 - 120 minutes in 64.8% of the responses. The presence of a respiratory therapist in the pediatric intensive care unit was the only variable associated with the use of a spontaneous breathing trial as the primary method of liberation from invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 5.1; 95%CI 2.1 - 12.5). Noninvasive respiratory support protocols were not frequently used postextubation (40.4%). Nearly half of the respondents (43.5%) reported a preference for using bilevel positive airway pressure as the mode of noninvasive ventilation postextubation. CONCLUSION: A high proportion of Ibero-American pediatric intensive care units lack liberation protocols. Our study highlights substantial variability in extubation readiness practices, underscoring the need for standardization in this process. However, the presence of a respiratory therapist was associated with increased adherence to guidelines.
Assuntos
Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Respiração Artificial , Desmame do Respirador , Humanos , América Latina , Criança , Inquéritos e Questionários , Ventilação não Invasiva , Padrões de Prática Médica/normas , Padrões de Prática Médica/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) es una pandemia según declaraciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Afecta tanto a la población adulta como pediátrica; sin embargo, la mayor información publicada corresponde a los primeros, generando una brecha de conocimiento con respecto a los niños. El compromiso pulmonar parece ser la manifestación más frecuente de la enfermedad, aunque se han reportado afecciones extrapulmonares como derrame pericárdico y enfermedades cerebrovasculares en adultos; sin embargo, según nuestra revisión ninguna ha sido reportada en niños. Presentamos el caso de un paciente varón de 7 años con antecedentes de asma y sobrepeso que presentó la COVID-19, fue hospitalizado a través del servicio de emergencia por neumonía y evolucionó con insuficiencia respiratoria que requirió soporte ventilatorio invasivo. Durante su hospitalización presentó taponamiento cardiaco y hemorragia intracerebral con evolución desfavorable y desenlace fatal.
The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is actually a pandemic according to the World Health Organization. It affects both the adult and pediatric population, however the most published information correspond to the first one, generating a knowledge gap regarding children. Pulmonary involvement appears to be the most frequently manifestation of the disease, although extrapulmonary complications such as pericardial effusion and cerebrovascular diseases have been reported in adults, and according to our review none have been reported in children. We present a case of a 7 year old patient with previous history of asthma and overweight that present COVID-19, and was admitted through the pediatric emergency department for pneumonia and developed a respiratory failure that requires ventilatory support. During its hospitalization presents cardiac tamponade and intracerebral hemorrhage with adverse evolution and fatal outcome.