RESUMO
A autora faz a introduçäo do trabalho uma abordagem sobre o tabagismo como importante fator associado a doenças respiratórias, cardiovasculares e a alguns cânceres. Lembra também sobre as implicaçöes do tabagismo na gravidez e descreve alguns estudos sobre fumante passivo e refere algumas informaçöes epidemiológicas. Propöe-se a: 1- Estudar a prevalência de tabagismo entre estudantes da Universidade de Säo Paulo, campus de Ribeiräo Preto, em 1988. 2- Analisar a tendência desta prevalência no perído de 1980-1988. 3. Analisar a relaçäo entre escolhas das marcas e o custo das mesmas. Foi feito um levantamento em 1988, com questionário padronizado e com a mesma metodologia utilizada em 1980, 1981 e 1986. As principais conclusöes foram: 1- A prevalência do tabagismo nas diferentes unidades da USP, em dezembro de 1988 foi: FMRP, 11,9% EERP, 21,2%, FFRP, 8,7; FORP, 8,9%; e prevalência de extabagista foi respectimente: 6,8%; 9,3%; 7,5% e 6,5%. 2- As mulheres fumam tanto quanto os homens em 1988 entre os alunos inqueridos. 3- Até 1986, há tendência geral de declínio em todas as escolas; em 1988, esta tendência näo tem significado estatístico. 4- A tendência segundo o gênero alterou-se no período estudado, em 1980 e 1981 os homens fumam mais que as mulheres e em 1986 e 1988, homens e mulheres fumam igualmente. Foram levantadas e discutidas várias hipóteses no sentido de tentar explicar esta tendência geral de declínio e as mudanças ocorridas neste período quanto a prevalência nos dois gêneros
Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Masculino , Eritema Nodoso/complicações , Glomerulonefrite/etiologia , Hanseníase Virchowiana/complicações , Doença Aguda , Glomerulonefrite/patologiaRESUMO
A middle aged man (48 years) with short duration of illness (7 days) was admitted in the state of acute renal failure with erythema nodosum leprosum. He had repeated episodes of erythema nodosum leprosum in the past. His blood pressure was normal (150/80 mmHg). During his hospital stay he was in the state of progressive anaemia (Hb = 8.8 g/dl to 7.2 g/dl), oliguria (urine out-put = 250-350 ml/day), azotaemia (blood urea = 198 mg/dl to 218 mg/dl) and impaired renal function tests with fatal outcome. Kidneys were smooth, congested and weighing 150 g each with histological features of rapidly progressive (crescentric) glomerulonephritis, a result of immune complex deposition from recurrent erythema nodosum leprosum episodes.
Assuntos
Eritema Nodoso/complicações , Glomerulonefrite/etiologia , Hanseníase Virchowiana/complicações , Doença Aguda , Glomerulonefrite/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Sixty male patients of leprosy (mean age = 27.2 +/- 5.04 years) selected at random, were studied for gonadal involvement and therapeutic efficacy of two indigenous drugs. Of these 34 were married, with the mean duration of illness 4.17 +/- 3.27 years. Only those with lepromatous and dimorphous leprosy developed testicular and epididymal changes. Testicular pain and/or swelling (lepromatous = 62.5%, dimorphous = 30%) was the commonest presenting feature. Altered sexual function was observed in 34 (56.6%) cases, while 11 patients revealed altered sexual hair pattern and nine gynaecomastia. Reduced testicular size associated with soft feel was present in 25% of cases with no testicular sensation in 8 (13.3%) and impaired testicular sensation in 9 (15%) patients. Spermogram revealed azoospermia in 19 (35%) and oligospermia in 16 (26.6%) patients. Histopathological findings of testicle biopsy revealed evidence of leprous pathological irrespective of testicular size, semen picture and clinical manifestations. Histopathological changes had shown marked variation and so did not enable categorising them into vascular, interstitial and obliterative phases. These changes were believed to be due to the altered gonadal state in leprosy. The therapeutic efficacy of the indigenous preparations, Speman and Tentex forte (Himalaya) was evaluated subjectively as well as objectively in 34 patients. 82.3% of cases showed subjective improvement while objective improvement in spermogram was noted in 87.5% cases with oligospermia. The drugs have no side effect and were well tolerated.
Assuntos
Epididimo , Ginecomastia/etiologia , Hansenostáticos/uso terapêutico , Hanseníase/complicações , Oligospermia/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Testiculares/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oligospermia/etiologiaRESUMO
The present study incorporates a study of 42 cases of lepromatous leprosy for hepatic involvement and role of indigenous herbal preparation in protecting the liver in leprosy. Liver was enlarged in 32 cases which was tender in 8 patients. Alteration in liver function irrespective of extent and duration of the illness (3 months to 10 years with mean duration of illness = 2 years 5 months) was mainly seen as uniform elevation of serum proteins (6.2-9.2 gms%, mean = 7.5 gms%) with hypoalbuminaemia (2.0-4.4 gms%, mean = 2.9 gms%). Highest level of serum bilirubin of 1.6 mg% was detected in 6 cases, emphasising the presence of leprous hepatitis. Raised level of serum transaminases (SGOT = 65.2 IU, SGPT = 78.7 IU) were proportionate to the liver and muscle involvement. Presence of characteristic granulomata in the liver around the central vein, periportal area and even distribution at various locations in the liver lobules were the most significant changes in 12 out of 15 liver tissues. Acid fast M. leprae were demonstrated in 12 patients. The present work emphasises the detection of hepatic involvement in the early stage of the disease and hepato-protective role of indigenous drug Liv-52 in lepromatous leprosy which usually lead to dreaded mutilated complications in the body.