RESUMO
Breast-feeding habits are related to the nutritional status and the risk of illness and death in children under 2 years of age. For the first 6 months, infants should be exclusively breast-fed. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the infant's nutritional status and human milk intake by breast-fed infants at high altitude. A quantitative, descriptive, correlational study was conducted including mother/baby pairs of infants aged 2-6 months. The amount of human milk consumed by the infants was assessed by the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique. The lipid content of human milk was measured by creamatocrit, and anthropometric measurements were performed. A total of eighteen mother/baby pairs were assessed. The mean human milk intake was 888 (sd 149) g/d, and the intake of water from other sources was 24·3 (sd 29·8) g/d. The lipid content in human milk was 41 (sd 12) g/l. The infant's nutritional indicators were normal in all cases. A moderate positive correlation was found between milk volume and z scores weight-for-length r 0·58 (P=0·01), BMI-for-age r 0·56 (P=0·01) and weight-for-age r 0·45 (P=0·05). There was no correlation with length-for-age z score. The mean of breast milk intake in this study was similar to that found in other studies in the world. The lipid content is comparable to similar studies and was within the normal range. Children older than 3 months showed signs of stunting despite adequate volume and lipid content of breast milk.
Assuntos
Altitude , Peso Corporal , Aleitamento Materno , Ingestão de Energia , Lipídeos/química , Leite Humano/química , Estado Nutricional , Adulto , Antropometria , Estatura , Índice de Massa Corporal , Bolívia/epidemiologia , Calibragem , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Mães , Saliva/química , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PREGUNTA DE INVESTIGACIÓN: ¿cuáles son los conocimientos y prácticas de alimentación, nutrición y cuidado de madres y/o cuidadores y su asociación con sobrepeso y obesidad en niños menores de 23 meses que viven en municipios rurales de altura en Bolivia? OBJETIVO GENERAL: determinar las características de cuidado y prácticas alimentarias de niños menores de 23 meses de edad con sobrepeso y obesidad que viven en municipios rurales productores de papa que participan en el proyecto Ios Andes en Bolivia, datos de línea de base, desde septiembre a noviembre de la gestión 2012. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: es un estudio descriptivo transversal y analítico. Se estudiaron todos los niños de 0 a 23 meses (290) considerados en la línea de base del Proyecto Ios Andes realizado en Bolivia, también en Ecuador y Perú, cuyo tamaño muestral fue de 450 niños distribuidos en 75 comunidades rurales de la región andina de Bolivia. Se aplicaron encuestas sobre prácticas y conocimientos de alimentación y cuidado infantil a madres y/o cuidadores y se tomaron medidas de peso y talla a sus niños menores de dos años durante los meses de septiembre a noviembre del 2012. En una sub-muestra se realizó un recordatorio de 24 horas con pesada de alimentos para determinar consumo y adecuación de alimentos y nutrientes de los niños menores. Los datos fueron analizados en relación al indicador peso para talla en los puntos de corte que indican sobrepeso y obesidad. RESULTADOS: el porcentaje de sobrepeso y obesidad encontrada fue de 10% más elevado que la media nacional; no se encontraron asociaciones relevantes de conocimientos, practicas alimentarias y adecuación de nutrientes. CONCLUSIONES: se resalta la presencia de obesidad en edades tempranas en zonas rurales con vulnerabilidad a la inseguridad alimentaria, recomendando el desarrollo de investigaciones específicas para identificar determinantes de esta condición.
RESEARCH QUESTION: wich are the understanding and practices of feeding, nutrition and caring mothers and/or nursemaids and their association with overweight and obesity in children under two years of age living in Bolivian rural municipalities ofhigh altitude? OBJECTIVE: To determine knowledge and feeding and child care of mothers or care givers and the association with overweight and obesity in children under two years of age living in Bolivian rural municipalities of high altitude METHODOLOGY: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study. All children under 2 years old (290) of a baseline line survey of the Andes Project were included, the whole survey sample was of 450 children under three years of age living in 75 communities of rural communities in the Bolivian Andean region. Anthropometric measures of children under two years were collected and feeding and care knowledge and practices of their mothers or caregivers. The survey was done during September to November 2012. In a sub sample a 24 hour dietary recall was taken weighing all food mentioned. For the analysis, weight to height Z score with the cut off points related to overweight and obesity was considered. RESULTS: The study found 10% of overweight and obesity, which is above the media in the country. None of knowledge, practices or nutrition adequacy was found relevant for obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of obesity early in life time was found. It is recommendable to develop survey focused on obesity to find out characteristics that could cause this condition.
Assuntos
Obesidade Infantil , Alimentos , SobrepesoRESUMO
We present evidence for the putative role of Rhodnius robustus as extradomestic vector of Chagas disease in Western Venezuela. First, we assessed the validity of this triatomine species by genetic characterization in relation with some other species of the prolixus group. Random amplified polymorphic DNA data showed a clear separation between this species and R. prolixus and indicated a probable genetic heterogeneity within R. robustus. Faeces and gut contents were microscopically examined in 54 of 137 R. robustus collected in palm trees. According to this morphological examination, 18% were positive for Trypanosoma cruzi, 11% harboured T. rangeli and 11% showed mixed infection. Five of the seven samples examined gave a polymerase chain reaction major band of 270 bp specific of T. cruzi. The hybridization probes showed that R. robustus may transmit clones 20 and 39 (or genetically related ones) in Venezuela. Such a transmission might occur when, in absence of domestic R. prolixus and attracted by artificial light, R. robustus enters houses and feeds on humans, or when people are bitten outdoors. The lack of bugs inside houses could mean that the insects leave houses after feeding, or die without reproducing there.