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The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important cascade of enzymes and peptides that regulates blood pressure, volume, and electrolytes. Within this complex system of reactions, its counter-regulatory axis has attracted attention, which has been associated with the pathophysiology of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. This review article analyzes the impact of different components of the counter-regulatory axis of the RAS on different pathologies. Of these peptides, Angiotensin-(1-7), angiotensin-(1-9) and alamandine have been evaluated in a wide variety of in vitro and in vivo studies, where not only they counteract the actions of the classical axis, but also exhibit independent anti-inflammatory and fibrotic actions when binding to specific receptors, mainly in heart, kidney, and lung. Other functional peptides are also addressed, which despite no reports associated with inflammation and fibrosis to date were found, they could represent a potential target of study. Furthermore, the association of agonists of the counter-regulatory axis is analyzed, highlighting their contribution to the modulation of the inflammatory response counteracting the development of fibrotic events. This article shows an overview of the importance of the RAS in the resolution of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases, offering an understanding of the individual components as potential treatments.

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Introducción: La complejidad de la época actual exige tener en cuenta enfoques cuantitativos y cualitativos, datos de diferentes fuentes, métodos múltiples y un crisol de enfoques. Para dar respuesta a esta complejidad se presenta el análisis situacional como método posible. Metodología: Se presenta una revisión integrativa en relación con la variante de análisis situacional, que sigue los siguientes pasos: 1) identificación del problema (pregunta y objetivo de la investigación claramente definidos); 2) búsqueda bibliográfica (estrategia de búsqueda exhaustiva); 3) evaluación de datos; 4) análisis de datos (reducción de datos, visualización, comparación y conclusiones); y 5) presentación de los resultados así como las implicaciones para la práctica, la política públicas y las futuras investigaciones. Resultados: Emerge literatura que da cuenta del análisis situacional como una metodología utilizada en educación en salud, gestión en salud, políticas públicas y atención en salud, que incorpora elementos del análisis de discurso y teorías poshumanistas. Conclusiones: El análisis situacional es una metodología de comprensión de los fenómenos sociales, culturales, sanitarios y de educación, que está disponible y es acorde con la mirada multidimensional requerida para comprender la complejidad del entorno y fluidez de la era que estamos viviendo.

Introdução: A complexidade da realidade atual exige que se levem em conta enfoques quantitativos e qualitativos, dados de diferentes fontes, múltiplos métodos e uma porção de abordagens. Para responder a essa complexidade, a análise situacional é apresentada como um método possível. Metodologia: É apresentada uma revisão integrativa em relação à variante da análise situacional, que segue as seguintes etapas: 1) identificação do problema (questão e objetivo de pesquisa claramente definidos); 2) pesquisa bibliográfica (estratégia de pesquisa abrangente); 3) avaliação dos dados; 4) análise dos dados (redução, visualização, comparação e conclusões dos dados); e 5) apresentação dos resultados, bem como implicações para a prática, políticas públicas e pesquisas futuras. Resultados: Surge uma literatura que ampara a análise situacional como uma metodologia usada na educação em saúde, na gestão da saúde, nas políticas públicas e na assistência à saúde, incorporando elementos da análise do discurso e das teorias pós-humanistas. Conclusões: A análise situacional é uma metodologia de compreensão de fenômenos sociais, culturais, de saúde e de educação, que está disponível e alinhada com a visão multidimensional necessária para entender a complexidade do ambiente e a fluidez da era em que vivemos.

Introduction: The complexity of the current era requires considering quantitative and qualitative perspectives, data from different sources, multiple methods, and a melting pot of approaches. To respond to this complexity, situational analysis is presented as a possible method. Methodology: An integrative review is presented in relation to the variant of situational analysis, which follows the following steps: 1) problem identification (clearly defined research question and objective); 2) literature search (comprehensive search strategy); 3) data assessment; 4) data analysis (data reduction, visualization, comparison, and conclusions); and 5) presentation of results as well as implications for practice, public policy, and future research. Results: Literature emerges that accounts for situational analysis as a methodology used in health education, health management, public policy, and health care, which incorporates elements of discourse analysis and posthumanist theories. Conclusions: Situational analysis is a methodology for understanding social, cultural, health and educational phenomena, which is available and in accordance with the multidimensional view required to understand the complexity of the environment and fluidity of the era we are living in.

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INTRODUCTION: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by two mycobacteria (Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis). The household contacts (HHC) of leprosy index cases are at higher risk of being infected with these mycobacteria. Therefore, serological testing in HHC would be an effective strategy to eliminate leprosy in Colombia. OBJECTIVE: To determine the seroprevalence and factors associated with the infection by M. leprae in HHC. METHODS: An observational study was conducted in 428 HHC located in the Colombian Caribbean, Andean, Pacific, and Amazonian regions. We evaluated the seropositivity and titrations of IgM, IgG, and protein A against NDO-LID. RESULTS: The evaluated HHC showed high seropositivity, precisely 36.9% anti-NDO-LID IgM, 28.3% anti-NDO-LID IgG, and 47.7% protein A. Furthermore, Protein A showed a greater capacity to detect infected individuals than other anti-NDO-LID conjugates (p < 0.0001). This study did not show differences in the seropositivity according to sex or age of the HHC (p > 0.05). Higher seropositivity for IgM was evidenced mainly in HHC located in the Colombian Pacific region (p 0.001). This research did not show differences in the seropositivity for these serological tests between HHC of PB or MB leprosy patients (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Leprosy transmission is still active between Colombian HHC. Consequently, controlling leprosy transmission in this population is fundamental to eradicating this disease.

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OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aim to identify social typologies of pedestrian crashes considering demographics, health impacts, involved vehicle, temporality of the collision, and place of impact in Hermosillo, Mexico. METHODS: A socio-spatial analysis was performed by using local urban planning information and vehicles-pedestrian crashes records collected by the police department (N = 950) between 2014 and 2017. Multiple Correspondence Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis were used to determine typologies. Geographical distribution of typologies was obtained with spatial analysis techniques. RESULTS: The results suggest there are four typologies, which portray the physical vulnerability of pedestrians, which reflect the vulnerability to collisions associated to the variables age, gender, and street speed limits. Findings show that children are more likely to be injured during weekends in residential zones (Typology 1), while older females are more likely to be injured during the first three days of the week (Monday - Wednesday) in the downtown area (Typology 2). Injured males during the afternoon in arterial streets represented the most frequent cluster (Typology 3). Also, males were likely to be severely injured by heavy trucks during nighttime in peri-urban areas (Typology 4). These findings indicate that vulnerability and risk exposure vary according to the type of pedestrian involved in the crash, which are linked to the types of places they visit. CONCLUSIONS: The design of the built environment plays a major role in the number of pedestrian injuries particularly when it favors motor vehicles over pedestrians or non-motorized vehicles. Because traffic crashes are considered preventable events, cities must embrace a diversity of mobility modes and incorporate the appropriate infrastructures that safeguard the lives of all their travelers, especially pedestrians.

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The aim of the present study was to analyze the association of executive function (EF) based on performance-based measures and behavioral ratings (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-2 [BRIEF-2]) with coping and social skills in children. To this end, we first examined the structure of EF based on performance-based measures in a Chilean sample of 275 girls and boys aged 8-12 years. Confirmatory factor analysis showed the best fit for the three-factor solution, with (1) working memory, (2) cognitive flexibility, and (3) inhibition as separate but related components. Selective associations were found between EF and coping and social skills, with differences according to the assessment method for EF. Specifically, only inhibitory control was related to the constructs when EF was assessed based on the performance-based measures. Meanwhile, EF assessed based on the behavioral ratings, including all dimensions of the BRIEF-2, were selectively associated with coping and social skills, mainly when the evaluation was performed by the teachers. Finally, structural equation models (SEM) showed that inhibitory control had direct effects on coping and social skills. However, when EF was assessed based on ratings, differences were observed between the teachers' and parents' reports. These results reveal the varying effects of EF on coping and social skills depending not only on the modality of assessment but also on the informant, emphasizing the relevance of comprehensive EF evaluation; they also provide relevant information regarding the relationship between EF and coping and social skills in children.

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Los principales cambios en la presente guía contemplan una mejor distribución en la presentación de los procedimientos priorizando los que involucran a los niños menores de un año, se actualiza los valores de concentración de hemoglobina en cuanto a la severidad. La atención de la salud requiere de una permanente mejora para prestar un servicio de calidad que incluye información confiable a partir de los instrumentos de medición como en este caso la determinación de la hemoglobina, por lo que esperamos esta segunda edición, sea de utilidad

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BACKGROUND: End-stage chronic kidney disease is a severe public health problem due to the poor quality of life of patients on dialysis and the costs associated with renal replacement treatment. AIM: To understand the social representations of kidney disease of people on dialysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a qualitative study under the post-positivist paradigm, eighteen patients in peritoneal or hemodialysis participated in an in-depth interview. The analysis was performed using content analysis. RESULTS: Eight categories were identified: Friends, Health Care Team, Spirituality and Disease, Family, Health Support System, Physical Consequences, Psychosocial Consequences, Self-Care of Continuous Health-Disease. CONCLUSIONS: Health care of people on dialysis should take into consideration the experience of kidney disease from the perspective of the patient, including his beliefs and feelings and involving the family, community, and the state.

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Campos Campos, K. I., Castelli Correia de Campos, L. F., Pereira Morato, M., Fernández Muñoz, M., Tosim, A., Alarcón Segura, K., y Luarte Rocha, C. (2022). Efectividad del lanzamiento de los atletas de goalball en la Liga Nacional de Chile. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(1), 1-16. El goalball es un deporte paralímpico colectivo con características de oposición, pero sin invasión por parte de los atletas que, a pesar de requerir gran condición física en las acciones ofensivas y defensivas, también se identifica como un deporte táctico, en donde la administración de la técnica en las diversas situaciones del juego determina el éxito en la competencia. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la efectividad del ataque de la Liga Nacional de goalball de Chile, según tipo de lanzamiento y trayectoria. Se filmaron cuatro partidos de goalball de la fase final de un torneo nacional. Para ello, se utilizó una cámara digital posicionada detrás de un arco ubicado en altura. Para el análisis de los partidos se utilizaron los diagramas propuestos por Morato et al. (2016) y Morato (2012). Los datos se transcribieron de forma computacional a una planilla, para luego ser analizados descriptivamente. El lanzamiento frontal (FRO) fue el que más se utilizó (88.9%), con una tasa de efectividad del 6.2%. Se realizaron trayectorias más largas en diagonales cortas (DC) y paralelas (PA) (31.3% y 23.2%, respectivamente). El lanzamiento de FRO se dirigió en DC (34.5%) y PA (22.4%), mientras que, por otro lado, los lanzamientos con giro (GIR) se dirigieron preferentemente en PA (30.4%) y DC (29.1%). El lanzamiento FRO fue más efectivo en PA (10.6%), mientras que el lanzamiento GIR fue más efectivo en diagonales medias (DM) (12.5%). Las posiciones laterales ejecutan lanzamientos, preferentemente FRO; pero en defensa, las posiciones centrales son protagonistas. Los lanzamientos son más efectivos cuando se dirigen en PA y DC.

Campos Campos, K. I., Castelli Correia de Campos, L. F., Pereira Morato, M., Fernández Muñoz, M., Tosim, A., Alarcón Segura, K., y Luarte Rocha, C. (2022). Effectiveness of goalball athletes throwing in the Chilean National League. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(1), 1-16. Goalball is a collective Paralympic sport with oppositional characteristics but without invasion by the athletes that, despite requiring great physical condition in offensive and defensive actions, is also identified as a tactical sport, where the administration of technique in the various game situations determines success in competition. The objective of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of the attack of the Chilean National Goalball League, according to type of shot and trajectory. Four Goalball matches of the final phase of a national tournament were filmed. For this, a digital camera was used behind an arch located in height. The matches were analyzed following the diagrams proposed by Morato et al. (2016) and Morato (2012). The front throw (FRO) was used the most (88.9%) with an effectiveness rate of 6.2%. Longer trajectories were made in short diagonals (DC) and parallel (PA) (31.3% and 23.2%, respectively). The FRO throw was directed in DC (34.5%) and PA (22.4%), while on the other hand, the spinning throws (GIR) were directed preferably in PA (30.4%) and DC (29.1%). The FRO throw was more effective in PA (10.6%), whereas the SP throw was more effective in the middle diagonal (DM) (12.5%). The lateral positions execute throws, preferably FRO, but in defense the central positions are protagonists. Throws are most effective when they are directed in PA and DC.

Campos Campos, K. I., Castelli Correia de Campos, L. F., Pereira Morato, M., Fernández Muñoz, M., Tosim, A., Alarcón Segura, K., e Luarte Rocha, C. (2022). Eficácia do arremesso de atletas de goalball na Liga Nacional do Chile. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(1), 1-16. O Goalball é um esporte coletivo paraolímpico com características de oposição, mas sem invasão dos atletas que, apesar de exigir grande condição física nas ações ofensivas e defensivas, também é identificado como um esporte tático, onde a administração da técnica nas diversas situações de jogo determina o sucesso na competição. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a eficácia do ataque da Liga Nacional de Goalball do Chile, segundo o tipo de arremesso e trajetória. Foram filmadas quatro partidas de goalball da fase final de um torneio nacional. Para isso, foi utilizada uma câmera digital posicionada atrás de um arco localizado em altura e, para a análise das correspondências, os diagramas propostos por Morato et al. (2016) e Morato (2012). Os dados foram transcritos de forma computacional a uma planilha para, posteriormente, serem analisados descritivamente. O arremesso frontal (FRO) foi o mais utilizado (88,9%), com taxa de eficácia de 6,2%. Trajetórias mais longas foram feitas em diagonais curtas (DC) e paralelas (PA) (31,3% e 23,2%, respectivamente). O arremesso FRO foi direcionado em DC (34,5%) e PA (22,4%), enquanto, por outro lado, os arremessos giratórios (GIR) foram direcionados preferencialmente em PA (30,4%) e DC (29,1%). O arremesso FRO foi mais eficaz no PA (10,6%), enquanto o arremesso GIR foi mais eficaz nas diagonais médias (DM) (12,5%). Posições laterais executam arremessos, preferencialmente FRO; mas na defesa, as posições centrais são protagonistas. Os arremessos são mais eficazes quando dirigidos em PA e DC.

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INTRODUCTION: The increased survival of children and adolescents after Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT) has allowed us to gain a better understanding of the late effects that this procedure might have. OBJECTIVE: to measure ovarian function and reserve after SCT. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A descriptive, observatio nal, and cross-sectional study of girls and adolescents with SCT between 1999 and 2011. External gynecologic examination, hormone tests, and abdominal gynecologic ultrasound were performed, observing pubertal development pre-SCT. The following data from the clinical record were recorded: baseline pathology, type of conditioning, use of radiotherapy in conditioning, age at the time of SCT, and history of acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Hormonal tests included follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimula ting hormone (TSH), free thyroxine, total testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). Statistical analysis included the chi-square or Fisher's Exact test with a p-value < 0.05. RESULTS: 41 patients were evaluated. The median age at the time of SCT was 6.8 years (1.5-14.1) and the median age at evaluation was 14.8 years (range: 4-25.4 years). 93% of the transplants were in patients with oncological disease and with myeloablative conditioning regimens. All patients presented decreased ovarian reserve, and 72% showed Premature Ovarian Failure (POF). CONCLUSIONS: All patients had decreased ovarian reserve and most of them had a high prevalence of POF. Before SCT, a gynecological evaluation and subsequent follow-up for hormone monitoring and initiation of hormone replacement are essential.

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BACKGROUND: The consumption of artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) has been linked to metabolic alterations. The effect of reducing the regular consumption of these beverages on the metabolism is currently unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of reducing consumption of ASBs on the metabolism in overweight young adults. DESIGN: A randomised, single-blind, controlled, 12-week, clinical trial was performed in overweight young adults who regularly consume ASBs. The 45 subjects who participated in the study were randomly divided into two groups: (1) control group (n=21) and (2) intervention group (no intake of ASBs, n=24). Body weight and composition, fasting plasma concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, insulin, cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins were measured at the beginning and end of the study. and the HOMA-IR was calculated. RESULTS: At the end of 12 weeks, the intervention group showed a significant decrease (as opposed to an increase in the control group) in the percentage of change in body weight (-1.22% vs 1.31%, p<0.004), body fat (-6.28% vs 6.15%, p<0.001) and insulin resistance index (-12.06 vs 38.21%, p<0.00002), as well as in levels of glucose (-4.26% vs 0.51%, p<0.05), triglycerides (-14.74% vs 19.90%, p<0.006), insulin (-8.02% vs 39.23%, p<0.00005), cholesterol (-8.71% vs 0.77%, p<0.01) and LDL (-9.46% vs 9.92%, p<0.004). CONCLUSION: A reduction in habitual consumption of ASBs in overweight young adults decreases biochemical measurements, body weight and composition, suggesting a participation in the metabolic processes.

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BACKGROUND: End-stage chronic kidney disease is a severe public health problem due to the poor quality of life of patients on dialysis and the costs associated with renal replacement treatment. Aim: To understand the social representations of kidney disease of people on dialysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a qualitative study under the post-positivist paradigm, eighteen patients in peritoneal or hemodialysis participated in an in-depth interview. The analysis was performed using content analysis. Results: Eight categories were identified: Friends, Health Care Team, Spirituality and Disease, Family, Health Support System, Physical Consequences, Psychosocial Consequences, Self-Care of Continuous Health-Disease. CONCLUSIONS: Health care of people on dialysis should take into consideration the experience of kidney disease from the perspective of the patient, including his beliefs and feelings and involving the family, community, and the state.

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OBJETIVO: Identificar efectos de la violencia laboral en enfermeras a nivel intrahospitalario y las estrategias de afrontamiento y prevención de violencia laboral entre enfermeras. MÉTODO: Revisión bibliográfica sistemática cualitativa. Se analizaron artículos publicados en las bases de datos PUBMED, Science Direct, Scielo y LILACS. La estrategia de búsqueda se realizó mediante descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS) y el Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) con el operador booleano AND. Se utilizó el diagrama de flujo (PRISMA). La evaluación de la calidad metodológica se realizó mediante las fichas de lectura crítica disponibles en la Plataforma FLC 3.0. RESULTADOS: la violencia y el acoso laboral tienen efectos negativos sobre la salud física y mental, las relaciones interpersonales y en el desempeño laboral de los enfermeros. Entre las estrategias de afrontamiento de la persona que sufre violencia laboral se encuentran el análisis del problema, hablar con alguien de confianza, enfrentar al acosador e involucrar al sistema. Las medidas de prevención a nivel organizacional destacan las capacitaciones, la mejora de normas, establecimiento de sanciones al acosador y la vigilancia de estas situaciones. CONCLUSIÓN: La violencia laboral no solo repercute a la persona afectada, sino también a todo el sistema organizativo en salud. Se enfatiza la importancia de desarrollar medidas y estrategias preventivas de la violencia y acoso laboral.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the effects of workplace violence on nurses at the intrahospital level and the coping strategies and prevention of workplace violence among nurses. METHODOLOGY: Qualitative systematic literature review. Articles published from 2016 to 2021 were analyzed in the PUBMED, Science Direct, Scielo and LILACS databases, of qualitative and quantitative type. The search strategy was performed using descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS) and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) with the Boolean operator AND. The flow diagram (PRISMA) was used. The methodological quality of each article was assessed using the critical reading sheets available on the FLC 3.0 platform. Thirteen selected bibliographies were qualitatively analyzed. RESULTS: violence and harassment at work have negative effects on nurses' physical and mental health, interpersonal relationships and work performance. Coping strategies for the person who suffers workplace violence include analyzing the problem, talking to someone they trust, confronting the harasser, and involving the system. Prevention measures at the organizational level include training, improving standards, establishing sanctions for the harasser and monitoring these situations. CONCLUSION: The negative effect of workplace violence not only affects the person affected, but also the entire organizational health system. It is possible to emphasize the importance of establishing preventive measures and strategies against workplace violence and harassment.

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Abstract Campos Campos, K.I., Castelli Correia de Campos, L.F., Pereira Morato, M., Fernández Muñoz, M., Tosim, A., Alarcón Segura, K. & Luarte Rocha, C. (2021). Effectiveness of goalball athletes throwing in the Chilean National League. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(2), 1-16. Goalball is a collective Paralympic sport with oppositional characteristics but without invasion by the athletes that, despite requiring great physical condition in offensive and defensive actions, is also identified as a tactical sport, where the administration of technique in the various game situations determines success in competition. The objective of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of the attack of the Chilean National Goalball League, according to type of shot and trajectory. Four Goalball matches of the final phase of a national tournament were filmed. For this, a digital camera was used behind an arch located in height. The matches were analyzed following the diagrams proposed by Morato et al. (2016) and Morato (2012). The front throw (FRO) was used the most (88.9%) with an effectiveness rate of 6.2%. Longer trajectories were made in short diagonals (SD) and parallel (PA) (31.3% and 23.2%, respectively). The FRO throw was directed in SD (34.5%) and PA (22.4%), while on the other hand, the spinning throws (SP) were directed preferably in PA (30.4%) and SD (29.1%). The FRO throw was more effective in PA (10.6%), whereas the SP throw was more effective in the middle diagonal (MD) (12.5%). The lateral positions execute throws, preferably FRO, but in defense the central positions are protagonists. Throws are most effective when they are directed in PA and SD.

Resumen Campos Campos, K.I., Castelli Correia de Campos, L.F., Pereira Morato, M., Fernández Muñoz, M., Tosim, A., Alarcón Segura, K. y Luarte Rocha, C. (2021). Efectividad del lanzamiento de los atletas de goalball en la Liga Nacional de Chile. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(2), 1-16. El goalball es un deporte paralímpico colectivo con características de oposición, pero sin invasión por parte de los atletas que, a pesar de requerir gran condición física en las acciones ofensivas y defensivas, también se identifica como un deporte táctico, en donde la administración de la técnica en las diversas situaciones del juego determina el éxito en la competencia. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la efectividad del ataque de la Liga Nacional de goalball de Chile, según tipo de lanzamiento y trayectoria. Se filmaron cuatro partidos de goalball de la fase final de un torneo nacional. Para ello, se utilizó una cámara digital posicionada detrás de un arco ubicado en altura. Para el análisis de los partidos se utilizaron los diagramas propuestos por Morato et al. (2016) y Morato (2012). Los datos se transcribieron de forma computacional a una planilla, para luego ser analizados descriptivamente. El lanzamiento frontal (FRO) fue el que más se utilizó (88.9%), con una tasa de efectividad del 6.2%. Se realizaron trayectorias más largas en diagonales cortas (SD) y paralelas (PA) (31.3% y 23.2%, respectivamente). El lanzamiento de FRO se dirigió en SD (34.5%) y PA (22.4%), mientras que, por otro lado, los lanzamientos con giro (SP) se dirigieron preferentemente en PA (30.4%) y SD (29.1%). El lanzamiento FRO fue más efectivo en PA (10.6%), mientras que el lanzamiento SP fue más efectivo en diagonales medias (MD) (12.5%). Las posiciones laterales ejecutan lanzamientos, preferentemente FRO; pero en defensa, las posiciones centrales son protagonistas. Los lanzamientos son más efectivos cuando se dirigen en PA y SD.

Resumo Campos Campos, K.I., Castelli Correia de Campos, L.F., Pereira Morato, M., Fernández Muñoz, M., Tosim, A., Alarcón Segura, K. e Luarte Rocha, C. (2021). Eficácia do arremesso de atletas de goalball na Liga Nacional do Chile. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(2), 1-16. O Goalball é um esporte coletivo paraolímpico com características de oposição, mas sem invasão dos atletas que, apesar de exigir grande condição física nas ações ofensivas e defensivas, também é identificado como um esporte tático, onde a administração da técnica nas diversas situações de jogo determina o sucesso na competição. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a eficácia do ataque da Liga Nacional de Goalball do Chile, segundo o tipo de arremesso e trajetória. Foram filmadas quatro partidas de goalball da fase final de um torneio nacional. Para isso, foi utilizada uma câmera digital posicionada atrás de um arco localizado em altura e, para a análise das correspondências, os diagramas propostos por Morato et al. (2016) e Morato (2012). Os dados foram transcritos de forma computacional a uma planilha para, posteriormente, serem analisados descritivamente. O arremesso frontal (FRO) foi o mais utilizado (88,9%), com taxa de eficácia de 6,2%. Trajetórias mais longas foram feitas em diagonais curtas (SD) e paralelas (PA) (31,3% e 23,2%, respectivamente). O arremesso FRO foi direcionado em SD (34,5%) e PA (22,4%), enquanto, por outro lado, os arremessos giratórios (SP) foram direcionados preferencialmente em PA (30,4%) e SD (29,1%). O arremesso FRO foi mais eficaz no PA (10,6%), enquanto o arremesso SP foi mais eficaz nas diagonais médias (MD) (12,5%). Posições laterais executam arremessos, preferencialmente FRO; mas na defesa, as posições centrais são protagonistas. Os arremessos são mais eficazes quando dirigidos em PA e SD.

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CD38 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by T-cells. It has been reported that patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) showed increased CD38+CD25+ T-cells correlating with immune activation and clinical signs. Contrariwise, CD38 deficiency in murine models has shown enhanced autoimmunity development. Recent studies have suggested that CD38+ regulatory T-cells are more suppressive than CD38- regulatory T-cells. Thus, we have suggested that CD38 overexpression in SLE patients could play a role in regulating immune activation cells instead of enhancing it. This study found a correlation between CD38 with FoxP3 expression and immunosuppressive molecules (CD69, IL-10, CTLA-4, and PD-1) in T-cells from lupus-prone mice (B6.MRL-Faslpr/J). Additionally, B6.MRL-Faslpr/J mice showed a decreased proportion of CD38+ Treg cells regarding wild-type mice (WT). Furthermore, Regulatory T-Cells (Treg cells) from CD38-/- mice showed impairment in expressing immunosuppressive molecules and proliferation after stimulation through the T-cell receptor (TCR). Finally, we demonstrated an increased ratio of IFN-γ/IL-10 secretion in CD38-/- splenocytes stimulated with anti-CD3 compared with the WT. Altogether, our data suggest that CD38 represents an element in maintaining activated and proliferative Treg cells. Consequently, CD38 could have a crucial role in immune tolerance, preventing SLE development through Treg cells.

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BACKGROUND: The consumption of artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) has been linked to metabolic alterations. The effect of reducing the regular consumption of these beverages on the metabolism is currently unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of reducing consumption of ASBs on the metabolism in overweight young adults. DESIGN: A randomised, single-blind, controlled, 12-week, clinical trial was performed in overweight young adults who regularly consume ASBs. The 45 subjects who participated in the study were randomly divided into two groups: (1) control group (n=21) and (2) intervention group (no intake of ASBs, n=24). Body weight and composition, fasting plasma concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, insulin, cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins were measured at the beginning and end of the study. and the HOMA-IR was calculated. RESULTS: At the end of 12 weeks, the intervention group showed a significant decrease (as opposed to an increase in the control group) in the percentage of change in body weight (-1.22% vs 1.31%, p<0.004), body fat (-6.28% vs 6.15%, p<0.001) and insulin resistance index (-12.06 vs 38.21%, p<0.00002), as well as in levels of glucose (-4.26% vs 0.51%, p<0.05), triglycerides (-14.74% vs 19.90%, p<0.006), insulin (-8.02% vs 39.23%, p<0.00005), cholesterol (-8.71% vs 0.77%, p<0.01) and LDL (-9.46% vs 9.92%, p<0.004). CONCLUSION: A reduction in habitual consumption of ASBs in overweight young adults decreases biochemical measurements, body weight and composition, suggesting a participation in the metabolic processes.

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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.579263.].

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Resumen Fernández Muñoz, M.P., Campos Campos, K., Luarte Rocha, C. y Castelli, L.F. (2021). Preparación deportiva en el goalball: una revisión sistemática. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(1), 1-24. El objetivo del estudio fue describir el conocimiento científico producido en los últimos 10 años respecto a la preparación deportiva (PD), con énfasis en el sistema de entrenamiento en atletas de Goalball de diferentes niveles competitivos. Para eso, fue realizada una revisión sistemática en las principales bases de datos: Web Of Science, Scopus, PubMed, SciELO y LILACS entre enero de 2010 hasta enero de 2021. Se identificó un total de 136 estudios donde, posterior a la eliminación de duplicados, aplicación de los criterios de exclusión e inclusión y conforme a los procedimientos presentados en el flujograma PRISMA, se seleccionaron 15 artículos originales para su análisis cualitativo. Los principales resultados evidenciaron que el metabolismo anaeróbico aláctico es determinante en la modalidad y existe una fuerte relación entre la fuerza/potencia de extremidades superiores e inferiores con el lanzamiento del balón. Por otro lado, existen patrones repetitivos en la técnica de lanzamiento según sexo, así como también efectividad según tipo de lanzamiento; se recalca que la velocidad del lanzamiento es necesaria para la consecución de un gol. De igual forma, existen funciones predominantes según las posiciones dentro del campo de juego que es necesario considerar. Finalmente, el entrenamiento mental favorece la adquisición de técnicas que ayudan a superar obstáculos imprevistos durante una competición. Se observa la necesidad de mayores evidencias y conocimientos acerca de la PD en dicha modalidad, ya que constituyen factores imprescindibles que deben ser contemplados por los entrenadores, en función de optimizar el rendimiento competitivo de sus atletas.

Abstract Fernández Muñoz, M.P., Campos Campos, K., Luarte Rocha, C. & Castelli, L.F. (2021). Sports preparation in goalball: a systematic review. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(1), 1-24. The objective of this study was to describe the scientific knowledge generated in the past 10 years in terms of sports preparation (SP), with emphasis on the training system of goalball athletes in different competitive levels. For this purpose, a systematic review was carried out on the major data bases—Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, SciELO and LILACS, from January, 2010, to January, 2021. A total 136 studies were identified, from which, after eliminating duplicates and applying exclusion and inclusion criteria, and in accordance with the procedures shown on the PRISMA flowchart, 15 original articles were selected for qualitative analysis. The main results showed that anaerobic alactic metabolism is critical in this sports modality, and that a strong link exists between strength/power of upper and lower extremities and ball throw. On the other hand, repetitive patterns exist in throwing techniques depending on gender, as well as effectiveness depending on the type of throw. The study highlights the fact that throw speed is key for scoring a goal. Similarly, dominant functions exist according to the positions within the play field, and these need to be taken into account. Finally, mental training favors the acquisition of techniques that will help to overcome unforeseen obstacles during a game. The study observes the need for greater evidence and knowledge about SP in this modality, as these are indispensable factors that must be contemplated by trainers in order to optimize the competitive performance of their athletes.

Resumo Fernández Muñoz, M.P., Campos Campos, K., Luarte Rocha, C. e Castelli, L.F. (2021). Preparação esportiva no goalball: uma revisão sistemática. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(1), 1-24. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever o conhecimento científico produzido nos últimos 10 anos com relação à preparação esportiva (PE), enfatizando o sistema de treinamento em atletas de Goalball de diferentes níveis competitivos. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática nas principais bases de dados: Web Of Science, Scopus, PubMed, SciELO e LILACS entre janeiro de 2010 e janeiro de 2021. Identificou-se um total de 136 estudos dos quais, posterior à eliminação de duplicatas, à aplicação dos critérios de exclusão e inclusão e conforme os procedimentos apresentados no fluxograma PRISMA, foram selecionados 15 artigos originais para uma análise qualitativa. Os principais resultados evidenciaram que o metabolismo anaeróbico alático é determinante na modalidade e existe uma forte relação entre a força/potência de extremidades superiores e inferiores e o lançamento da bola. Por outro lado, existem padrões repetitivos na técnica de lançamento segundo o sexo, assim como a efetividade segundo o tipo de lançamento; destaca-se que a velocidade do lançamento é necessária para a realização de um gol. Igualmente, existem funções predominantes de acordo às posições dentro do campo de jogo que é preciso considerar. Por último, o treinamento mental favorece a aquisição de técnicas que ajudam a superar obstáculos imprevistos durante uma competição. Observa-se a necessidade de maiores evidências e conhecimentos sobre a PE nessa modalidade, pois constituem fatores imprescindíveis que os treinadores devem ter em mente, à vista de otimizar o desempenho competitivo dos atletas.

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ABSTRACT: An organization's culture with regard to patient safety is important because it defines the beliefs and practices of the organization, and consequently its efficiency and productivity.Knowing the level of this and the factors that influence or not their dynamic represents a challenge, due to the degree of complexity and specificity of the elements involved.The aim of this study was to analyze predictors of patient safety culture in public and private hospitals and examining the factors that contribute to it, constructing a new and specific theoretical and methodological model.This study was carried out by reviewing medical records, detecting healthcare professionals directly involved in caring (N = 588), for patients in 2 public hospitals and 2 private hospitals in Venezuela (N = 566), conducting an "Analysis of Patient Safety Culture" questionnaire. The results were subsequently analyzed, derived 3 predictors factors and using a Patient Safety Culture Index (PSCI) for specific determination to evaluate patient safety culture level.The analysis showed that all hospitals had a "moderately unfavorable" PSCI (public = 52.96, private = 52.67, sig = 0.90). The PSCI was calculated by assessing the weight of the following factors in the index: occupational factors (factor loading = 32.03), communication factors (factor loading = 11.83), and organizational factors (factor loading = 9.10). Traumatology presented the lowest PSCI of all the care units, falling into the "unfavorable" category (36.48), and Laboratory the highest (70.02) (sig = 0.174), falling into the "moderately favorable" category. When analyzing professional groups, nurses had the highest PSCI, with a "moderately unfavorable" rating (PSCI = 61.1) and medical residents the lowest, falling into the "unfavorable" category (35.2). Adverse event reporting is determined by "management expectations and actions" (sig = 0.048) and "direct interaction with the patient" (sig = 0.049).The use of this theoretical and methodological approach in other contexts may provide a more objective system for identifying more specific needs and factors that influence in patient safety culture, and consequently, opportunities for improvement when constructing a patient safety culture in healthcare institutions. Efforts need to be made to improve safety culture in the hospitals studied, irrespective of whether they are public or private.

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