RESUMO
ABSTRACT Orthodontic appliances promote the accumulation of biofilm in the oral cavity and increase counts of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). However, there are few comparative studies of the effects generated by the interaction of saliva and microorganisms in absence and presence of orthodontic appliances. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the S. mutans colony-forming unit count (CFU/mL) in participants with and without fixed orthodontic appliances. Materials and Method: It was an observational cross-sectional study on 21 participants, all over 18 years of age, non-smokers, without removable oral appliances, who had not been under antibiotic treatment within the previous three months. Sociodemographic variables, oral hygiene habits, S. mutans CFU/mL count, and salivary pH were assessed. Saliva samples were collected, and the data was analyzed using Fisher's exact and Kruskal Wallis tests. A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Fourteen (66.7%) of the participants were female; average age was 20.4 ± 2.2 years. The group without fixed orthodontic appliances had the highest salivary S. mutans CFU/mL count (Me: 56.0×103, IQR: 9.2×103 - 75.5×103), but there was no statistically significant difference between groups (p=0.7459). There was a statistically significant difference in salivary pH, with the metal orthodontic appliance group having the lowest pH (p=0.0478). No statistically significant difference in salivary S. mutans CFU/mL count was found between groups. Salivary pH was lower in the group with metal appliances than in the groups with non-metal appliances and without appliances.
RESUMEN Se ha reportado que la aparatología ortodóntica promueve la acumulación de biofilm en la cavidad bucal y aumenta los recuentos bacterianos de Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Sin embargo, los estudios comparativos sobre los efectos generados por la interacción de la saliva y los microorganismos en ausencia y presencia de aparatología ortodóntica son limitados. Determinar el recuento de Unidades Formadoras de Colonias (UFC/mL) de S. mutans en participantes con y sin aparatología ortodóntica fija. Materiales y Método: se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal con 21 participantes, todos mayores de 18 años, no fumadores, sin ningún tipo de aparatología oral removible y sin antecedentes de tratamiento antibiótico en los tres meses previos. Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, hábitos de higiene oral, recuento de UFC/mL de S. mutans y pH salival. Se recolectaron muestras salivales y los datos se analizaron mediante las pruebas Exacto de Fisher y Kruskal Wallis. Un valor de p ≤0,05 se consideró estadísticamente significativo. Resultados: participaron catorce (66,7%) mujeres; la edad promedio fue de 20.4 ± 2.2 años. El grupo sin ortodoncia fija presentó el mayor recuento de UFC/mL de S. mutans salival (Me: 56,0×103, RIC: 9,2×103 - 75,5×103), pero no hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos (p=0,7459). Con relación al pH salival, se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa, siendo el grupo de ortodoncia metálica el que presentó el pH más bajo (p=0,0478). Aunque no se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el recuento de UFC/mL de S. mutans salival entre los grupos, el pH salival del grupo de aparatología metálica fue más bajo en comparación con los grupos no metálicos y sin aparatología.
RESUMO
Orthodontic appliances promote the accumulation of biofilm in the oral cavity and increase counts of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). However, there are few comparative studies of the effects generated by the interaction of saliva and microorganisms in absence and presence of orthodontic appliances. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the S. mutans colony-forming unit count (CFU/mL) in participants with and without fixed orthodontic appliances. MATERIALS AND METHOD: It was an observational cross-sectional study on 21 participants, all over 18 years of age, non-smokers, without removable oral appliances, who had not been under antibiotic treatment within the previous three months. Sociodemographic variables, oral hygiene habits, S. mutans CFU/mL count, and salivary pH were assessed. Saliva samples were collected, and the data was analyzed using Fisher's exact and Kruskal Wallis tests. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Fourteen (66.7%) of the participants were female; average age was 20.4 ± 2.2 years. The group without fixed orthodontic appliances had the highest salivary S. mutans CFU/mL count (Me: 56.0×103, IQR: 9.2×103 - 75.5×103), but there was no statistically significant difference between groups (p=0.7459). There was a statistically significant difference in salivary pH, with the metal orthodontic appliance group having the lowest pH (p=0.0478). No statistically significant difference in salivary S. mutans CFU/mL count was found between groups. Salivary pH was lower in the group with metal appliances than in the groups with non-metal appliances and without appliances.
Se ha reportado que la aparatología ortodóntica promueve la acumulación de biofilm en la cavidad bucal y aumenta los recuentos bacterianos de Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Sin embargo, los estudios comparativos sobre los efectos generados por la interacción de la saliva y los microorganismos en ausencia y presencia de aparatología ortodóntica son limitados. Determinar el recuento de Unidades Formadoras de Colonias (UFC/mL) de S. mutans en participantes con y sin aparatología ortodóntica fija. Materiales y Método: se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal con 21 participantes, todos mayores de 18 años, no fumadores, sin ningún tipo de aparatología oral removible y sin antecedentes de tratamiento antibiótico en los tres meses previos. Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, hábitos de higiene oral, recuento de UFC/mL de S. mutans y pH salival. Se recolectaron muestras salivales y los datos se analizaron mediante las pruebas Exacto de Fisher y Kruskal Wallis. Un valor de p ≤0,05 se consideró estadísticamente significativo. Resultados: participaron catorce (66,7%) mujeres; la edad promedio fue de 20.4 ± 2.2 años. El grupo sin ortodoncia fija presentó el mayor recuento de UFC/mL de S. mutans salival (Me: 56,0×103, RIC: 9,2×103 - 75,5×103), pero no hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos (p=0,7459). Con relación al pH salival, se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa, siendo el grupo de ortodoncia metálica el que presentó el pH más bajo (p=0,0478). Aunque no se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el recuento de UFC/mL de S. mutans salival entre los grupos, el pH salival del grupo de aparatología metálica fue más bajo en comparación con los grupos no metálicos y sin aparatología.
Assuntos
Boca , Streptococcus mutans , Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Masculino , Estudos Transversais , Saliva , Aparelhos Ortodônticos , Contagem de Colônia MicrobianaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Assess if video-based contraceptive education could be an efficient adjunct to contraceptive counseling and attain the same contraceptive knowledge acquisition as conversation-based counseling. STUDY DESIGN: This was a multicenter randomized, controlled trial examining contraceptive counseling during labor and maternity hospitalization regarding the options of immediate postpartum contraception. At two urban public hospitals, we randomized participants to a structured conversation with a trained counselor or a 14-min video providing the same information. Both groups received written materials and were invited to ask the counselor questions. Our primary outcome was to compare mean time for video-based education and conversational counseling; secondary outcomes included intended postpartum contraceptive method, pre- and postintervention contraceptive knowledge, and perceived competence in choosing a method of contraception. RESULTS: We enrolled 240 participants (conversation group=119, video group=121). The average time to complete either type of counseling was similar [conversational: 16.3â¯min, standard deviation (SD) ±3.8â¯min; video: 16.8â¯min, SD ±4.6â¯min, p=.32]. Of women intending to use nonpermanent contraception, more participants intended to use a long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) method after conversational counseling (72/103, 70% versus 59/105, 56%, p=.041). Following counseling, mean knowledge assessment scores increased by 2 points in both groups (3/7 points to 5/7 correct). All but two participants in the video group agreed they felt equipped to choose a contraceptive method after counseling. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to in-person contraceptive counseling alone, video-based intrapartum contraceptive education took a similar amount of time and resulted in similar contraceptive knowledge acquisition, though with fewer patients choosing LARC. IMPLICATIONS: Video-based contraceptive education may be useful in settings with limited personnel to deliver unbiased hospital-based, contraceptive counseling for women during the antepartum period.