RESUMO
Variables such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist/height ratio (WHtR) are used to assess cardiovascular risks associated with abdominal obesity. The Timed Up and Go (TTUG) test assesses mobility and the risk of falls, especially in the elderly and individuals with physical limitations. The objective was to correlate anthropometric indicators of cardiovascular risk (BMI, WC, WHtR) with performance on the TTUG test in elderly people who practice physical activity. METHODS: Observational, cross-sectional study, CAAE: 27116319.1.0000.8044. Active elderly participants in a public physical exercise program "Project 60 Up", promoted by the Municipal Secretariat for the Elderly of the City of Niterói, RJ, Brazil, were evaluated. Elderly people of both sexes, with independent locomotion and preserved cognitive status, were included and those with visual, hearing, severe mobility difficulties or neurological sequelae and imbalances were excluded. Anthropometric data were collected: BMI, WC, WHtR, and the TTUG test was performed. RESULTS: In the sample composed of 55 elderly people of both sexes, with an average age of 68 years, the means of the variables were: body weight (67.8 ± 12.7 kg), height (157.2 ± 8.4 cm), TTUG (10.3 ± 2 s), WC (93.3 ± 10.9 cm), WHtR (0.59), and BMI (27.4 ± 4.4). The correlations were between TTUG and age (r = -0.24, p = 0.69), TTUG and BMI (r = 0.111, p = 0.426), and WC and WHtR (r = 0.885, p < 0.000). Weak correlations were observed between TTUG and BMI and WC and WHtR, indicating that factors other than BMI and abdominal fat accumulation may have a greater influence on performance on the TTUG test. In this specific context of elderly people participating in a physical activity program, the results found may have been shaped by the very nature of the interventions carried out in the program, with factors such as muscular strength, flexibility and balance preserved and acquired through the practice of regular physical exercise. Despite the benefits of physical activity, managing weight and abdominal fat remains challenging for elderly individuals with high anthropometric measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Although many elderly people have anthropometric measurements above average levels, the results indicate that no negative influence on their performance on the TTUG was observed. However, the limitation of the sample size and the underrepresentation of elderly people ≥ 80 years and of men highlight the need for future studies with larger and more balanced samples to confirm these results.
Assuntos
Índice de Massa Corporal , Exercício Físico , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Circunferência da Cintura , Humanos , Idoso , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Brasil , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
O presente estudo tem como objetivo principal estimar a incidência de alterações postural em indivíduos participantes da ação social UNIG Portas Abertas, ocorrida no campus da Universidade Iguaçu, novembro de 2018 e maio de 2019. É um estudo transversal e descritivo. Foram avaliados 75 indivíduos. A avaliação postural foi realizada através do posturógrafo, com os participantes em posição ortostática, com os pés descalços e cabelos presos. As análises foram feitas na vista anterior, posterior e lateral. Os resultados mostraram que 89,5% da amostra apresentou algum tipo de alteração postural. As principais alterações posturais encontradas foram: desvio na altura das mãos (52,6%), hiperlordose lombar (47,3%), desvio na altura da crista ilíaca, gibosidade torácica, ombro retraído e joelho recurvatum (36,8%). (AU)
Assuntos
Posição Ortostática , Postura , Adulto , ÍlioRESUMO
Objetivo: Correlacionar poluição atmosférica com hospitalizações de idosos em Nova Iguaçu por doenças pulmonares entre 2007 a 2016. Metodologia: Estudo observacional, retrospectivo. O poluente analisado foi o Material Particulado (PM10). Os dados de qualidade do ar foram fornecidos pelo (INEA). Dados de hospitalização pelo (AIH). Foram selecionadas doenças do aparelho respiratório pelo CID X e subcapítulos J. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo SPSS IBM25 com dados expressos em média, desvio padrão, mediana e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Utilizou-se o teste t para amostras independentes, a diferença estatística foi dada pelo p<0,05. A relação entre poluição do ar e hospitalizações utilizou o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Resultados: As médias mensais de PM10 e hospitalizações foram, respectivamente, 74,7 mg/m3 (±16,2), (IC=63,8-87,1); 40,6 (±13,5) (IC= 37,5 43,5). Os homens representaram (52,4%), que totalizaram 2.239 internações em 10 anos, em que 2015 foi o ano com maior índice de hospitalizações (615). A doença mais incidente foi o J18 com média anual de 102,7. A pneumonia viral acometeu três vezes mais mulheres (p<0,042). A correlação de Pearson entre PM10 e hospitalizações (R=-0,230). Conclusão: O sexo mais acometido entre os idosos foi o masculino. Os agravos pulmonares de maior hospitalização foram as pneumonias, insuficiência respiratória e DPOC. Apesar da não conformidade dos níveis de PM10 em 10 anos houve redução de 60% das concentrações. Os meses entre maio e agosto demonstraram as maiores elevações de PM10 e hospitalizações. A correlação mensal entre hospitalizações de idosos e PM10 foi negativa e fraca.(AU)
Objective: Correlate air pollution with hospitalizations of elderly people in Nova Iguaçu (RJ) for pulmonary diseases between 2007 and 2016. Methodology: Observational, retrospective study. The pollutant analyzed was Particulate Material (PM10). Air quality data was provided by INEA. Hospitalization data was provided by AIH. Respiratory system diseases were selected by CID X and subchapters J. The statistical analysis was performed by SPSS IBM 25, with data expressed as mean, standard deviation, median and 95% confidence interval. The t test for independent samples was used, the statistical difference was given by p<0.05. The relationship between air pollution and hospitalizations used Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: The monthly averages of PM10 and hospitalizations were 74.7 mg/m3 (± 16.2), respectively (CI = 63.8-87.1); 40.6 (± 13.5) (CI = 37.5 - 43.5). Men represented 52.4%, which totaled 2,239 hospitalizations in 10 years, 2015 was the year with the highest rate of hospitalizations (615). The most incident disease was J18 with an annual average of 102.7. Viral pneumonia affected three times as many women (p<0.042). Pearson's correlation between PM10 and hospitalizations (R = -0.230). Conclusion: The sex most affected among the elderly was male. The pulmonary diseases with the highest hospitalization were pneumonia, respiratory failure and COPD. Despite the non-compliance of PM10 levels in 10 years, there was a 60% reduction in concentrations. The months between May and August showed the highest increases in PM10 and hospitalizations. The monthly correlation between hospitalizations of the elderly and PM10 was negative and weak.(AU)
Assuntos
Poluição do Ar , Material Particulado , Hospitalização , PneumopatiasRESUMO
Abstract Aim: Several health professionals prescribe static stretching exercises (SS) as essential for those that practice physical exercises, for injury prevention and performance improvement, although there is still no consensus. There are few studies on the effects of SS use on warming up. Thus study aimed to compare the effects of the inclusion of SS in general warming up procedures on muscle strength in Brazilian army personnel. Methods: Thirty-two young military men were selected. They were subjected to anthropometric evaluation and performed knee extension and flexion in an isokinetic digital dynamometer, at a speed of 60°/s. Then, they were divided into two randomized and counterbalanced groups, Traditional Group (TG) and Experimental Group (EG). The TG performed the lower limbs warm-up protocol provided for military physical training (MPT) and immediately after, performed the isokinetic muscle strength test. The EG performed the same protocol, performing the SS in the hamstrings and quadriceps, before warming up. Results: An increase was found in the peak isokinetic torque in the knee extension of the EG (Pre: 209.80 ± 21.36 vs Post: 243.98 ± 30.35; p = 0.001) and flexion (Pre: 130.86 ± 18.63 vs Post: 142.41 ± 25.92; p = 0.006). In the TG, significant differences were found in the extension of the knee, but not in flexion (Pre: 209.14 ± 34.27 vs. Post: 239.38 ± 36.17; p = 0.001 and Pre: 129.23 ± 18.43 vs Post: 133.66 ± 13.20; p = 0.297, respectively). Conclusion: The inclusion of SS in general warming up did not harm and even improved muscle strength performance in knee extension and flexion in Brazilian Army military personnel.
Assuntos
Humanos , Ferimentos e Lesões/prevenção & controle , Força Muscular , Exercícios de Alongamento Muscular , Antropometria/instrumentação , MilitaresRESUMO
Introdução: As pessoas estão envelhecendo cada vez mais no Brasil e no mundo. Estudos apontam que o processo de envelhecimento populacional é acompanhado com o aumento de ocorrência de morbidade e incapacidade. Diferentes condições podem ser apresentadas pelo envelhecimento, como: diminuição da capacidade funcional, diminuição da força e da massa muscular, entre outros. Objetivo: Investigar a redução da capacidade funcional, secundária a redução de força muscular de membros inferiores em idosos institucionalizados em duas instituições de longa permanência (ILPI) no município de Nova Iguaçu (RJ/Brasil). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, exploratório de caráter quantitativo em duas IAPI em Nova Iguaçu/RJ/ no período do mês de julho e agosto de 2017, em que foram selecionados 60 idosos de ambos os sexos (34 homens e 26 mulheres), com faixa etária ≥ 60 anos. Os voluntários foram avaliados quanto a capacidade funcional e a força muscular. Para a capacidade funcional, foi utilizado a escala de Barthel. Para o teste de força, o presente estudo usou para forma de avaliação a escala de Medical Research Council (MRC). Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que 61,7% dos idosos são classificados como independentes pelo índice de Barthel. Na escala de MRC, 95% dos idosos apresentaram fraqueza muscular. Conclusão: Concluímos que a maior proporção de idosos institucionalizados foram considerados independentes, porém, apresentaram quadro de fraqueza muscular. (AU)
Introduction: People are aging more and more in Brazil and worldwide. Studies show that the process of population aging is accompanied by increased occurrence of morbidity and disability. Different conditions can be presented by aging, such as: decreased functional capacity, decreased strength and muscle mass, among others. Objective: To investigate the reduction of functional capacity, secondary to the reduction of muscular strength of lower limbs in elderly institutionalized in two institutions in the municipality of Nova Iguaçu/RJ Brazil. Methods: This is a quantitative exploratory study in two elderly institutions at Nova Iguaçu during the period of July and August 2017, with 60 elderly men and women (34 males and 26 females), age range ≥ 60 years. The volunteers were assessed for functional capacity and muscle strength. For functional capacity, the Barthel scale was used. For strength testing, the present study used the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale for evaluation. Results: The results of the present study showed that 61.7% of the elderly are classified as independent by the Barthel index. In the MRC scale, 95% of the elderly presented muscular weakness. Conclusion: We concluded that the most proportion of institutionalized elderly was considered independent but presented a picture of muscular weakness. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Autonomia Pessoal , Força Muscular , Envelhecimento , Repertório de Barthel , Extremidade InferiorRESUMO
A amamentação precoce é uma estratégia para a promoção ao aleitamento materno no Brasil, mas poucos estudos avaliam a aplicação dessa prática do ponto de vista das mães. Em uma abordagem qualitativa, investigaram-se as percepções de puérperas sobre a amamentação na primeira hora pós-parto. Os dados foram coletados pela observação dos princípios éticos e os relatos foram classificados nas categorias: O que é o leite materno; Benefícios da amamentação precoce para mãe e filho; e Orientações e prática da amamentação precoce. Embora reconhecessem o leite materno como alimento adequado para o desenvolvimento do bebê, as puérperas possuíam apenas informações gerais sobre aleitamento materno e a maioria desconhecia a teoria e a prática da amamentação precoce. Os achados apontam a necessidade de se conscientizar as gestantes sobre a importância da amamentação precoce durante o acompanhamento pré-natal.
El amamantamiento precoz es una estrategia para la promoción al amamantamiento materno en Brasil, pero pocos estudios evalúan la aplicación de esa práctica del punto de vista de las madres. Con un abordaje cualitativo, fueron investigadas las percepciones de puérperas sobre el amamantamiento en la primera hora posparto. Los datos fueron recogidos por la observación de los principios éticos y los relatos fueron clasificados en las categorías: Lo qué es la leche materna; Beneficios del amamantamiento precoz para madre e hijo; y Orientaciones y práctica del amamantamiento precoz. A pesar de reconocerse la leche materna como alimento adecuado para el desarrollo del bebé, las puérperas tenían solamente informaciones generales acerca del amamantamiento materno y la mayoría desconocía la teoría y práctica del amamantamiento precoz. Los resultados apuntan la necesidad de concientizar a las gestantes sobre la importancia del amamantamiento precoz durante el acompañamiento prenatal.
Early breastfeeding is a strategy for promoting breastfeeding in Brazil, but few studies have evaluated the application of this practice from the point of view of the mothers. The puerperas' perceptions regarding breastfeeding in the first hour following birth were investigated, using a qualitative approach. The data were collected observing ethical principles and the reports were classified in the following categories: What is breast milk?; The benefits of early breastfeeding for mother and child; and, guidance and practice of early breastfeeding. Although they recognize breast milk as an appropriate food for the baby's development, the puerperas have only general information about breastfeeding, and the majority are unaware of the theory and practice of early breastfeeding. The findings indicate the need to raise pregnant women's awareness regarding the importance of early breastfeeding during the prenatal monitoring.
Assuntos
Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Aleitamento Materno , Enfermagem Materno-Infantil , Recém-NascidoRESUMO
OBJETIVO: verificar a percepção de estudantes da área da saúde sobre as condições de vida e saúde de Comunidades Quilombolas. MÉTODO: trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada com estudantes da área de saúde que participaram de uma atividade de pesquisa e extensão em Comunidades Rurais Quilombolas do norte de Minas Gerais. Foram usados dados de Diário de Campo de Pesquisa, entrevista feita em grupo focal, e os resultados estudados sob o prisma da Análise de Conteúdo. RESULTADOS: as percepções dos estudantes foram categorizadas em três dimensões: reconhecimento das diferenças culturais, perplexidade com as condições precárias de vida e crescimento pessoal com a experiência. A análise de conteúdo mostrou a importância deste tipo de atividade para estudantes da saúde. CONCLUSÃO: o estudo demonstrou a perplexidade dos estudantes quanto aos aspectos de desigualdade que vive as populações quilombolas do norte de Minas Gerais.
PURPOSE: to verify the perception of students about the conditions of life and health of Quilombo Communities. METHOD: it is a qualitative research with students of health field who participated in an activity of research and extension in Rural Communities Quilombola in northern Minas Gerais. We used data from Field Journal for Research, focus group interview, and the results analyzed through the prism of Content Analysis. RESULTS: the perceptions of students were categorized into three dimensions: recognition of cultural differences, perplexity with the poor living conditions and personal growth through experience. The content analysis showed the importance of this activity for students of health. CONCLUSIONS: the study showed the amazement of the students on the aspects of inequality that people living north of the Maroons of Minas Gerais.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: In light of its epidemic proportions in developed and developing countries, obesity is considered a serious public health issue. In order to increase knowledge concerning the ability of health care professionals in caring for obese adolescents and adopt more efficient preventive and control measures, a questionnaire was developed and validated to assess non-dietitian health professionals regarding their Knowledge of Nutrition in Obese Adolescents (KNOA). METHODS: The development and evaluation of a questionnaire to assess the knowledge of primary care practitioners with respect to nutrition in obese adolescents was carried out in five phases, as follows: 1) definition of study dimensions 2) development of 42 questions and preliminary evaluation of the questionnaire by a panel of experts; 3) characterization and selection of primary care practitioners (35 dietitians and 265 non-dietitians) and measurement of questionnaire criteria by contrasting the responses of dietitians and non-dietitians; 4) reliability assessment by question exclusion based on item difficulty (too easy and too difficult for non-dietitian practitioners), item discrimination, internal consistency and reproducibility index determination; and 5) scoring the completed questionnaires. RESULTS: Dietitians obtained higher scores than non-dietitians (Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.05), confirming the validity of the questionnaire criteria. Items were discriminated by correlating the score for each item with the total score, using a minimum of 0.2 as a correlation coefficient cutoff value. Item difficulty was controlled by excluding questions answered correctly by more than 90% of the non-dietitian subjects (too easy) or by less than 10% of them (too difficult). The final questionnaire contained 26 of the original 42 questions, increasing Cronbach's α value from 0.788 to 0.807. Test-retest agreement between respondents was classified as good to very good (Kappa test, >0.60). CONCLUSION: The KNOA questionnaire developed for primary care practitioners is a valid, consistent and suitable instrument that can be applied over time, making it a promising tool for developing and guiding public health policies.