RESUMO
PURPOSE/AIM: To evaluate the effect of different veneering liquids used for modeling on microhardness, fracture toughness and biaxial flexural strength of a glass-veneering ceramic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The manufacturer recommended modeling liquid (ML), distilled water (DW), isopropyl alcohol (IA), 0.5% (P05), 1% (P1), and 2% (P2) polyethylene glycol solutions were mixed with feldspathic ceramic powder to form disc-shaped samples (n=20, 15 mm × 1.2 mm). After sintering, samples were mirror-polished and subjected to Vickers indentation (n=5) for measurement of microhardness and fracture toughness. The remaining 15 samples from each group were subjected to biaxial flexural strength. Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Weibull analysis. RESULTS: The microhardness was affected by veneering liquid (p=0.002): DW promoted higher microhardness values than ML and IA. Fracture toughness (p=0.301) and flexural strength (p=0.930) were not affected by the veneering liquid but Weibull parameters were affected. All groups presented surface pores under high magnification. CONCLUSION: Even though the use of DW led to higher values of surface microhardness than the ML, all obtained values are inside the range of enamel microhardness values reported in the literature. Such parameters may affect antagonist wear and should be reported in clinical trials.
Assuntos
Porcelana Dentária , Facetas Dentárias , Água , Teste de Materiais , Propriedades de Superfície , Maleabilidade , Cerâmica , Zircônio , Análise do Estresse DentárioRESUMO
In light of the scarcity of information about the occurrence and epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCNS) in small ruminants in general, and particularly dairy goats, we launched this limited-scope study. The findings reported here show the detection of MRSA and MRCNS in goat milk and teat skin samples from dairy goat herds in the state of Ohio. A total of 120 milk samples and 120 teat-swab samples were collected from 5 farms. After conventional isolation and phenotypic characterization of the staphylococci colonies, bacterial isolates were tested by PCR assay targeting the genes nuc to identify Staphylococcus aureus and mecA to detect MRSA and MRCNS. The clonal complexes of MRSA isolates was also determined by multiloccus sequence typing. Fifteen (6.2%) positive S. aureus samples were found in this study: 9 from milk and 6 from teat skin samples. Four (2%) MRSA isolates were detected and, using multiloccus sequence typing genotyping, these were designated to clonal complexes CC133 (n = 2; milk samples) and CC5 (n = 2; teat skin). Three (1.25%) coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates from the teat skin also harbored the mecA gene. Although, the MRSA isolated from milk samples is not a typical human-associated lineage, the CC5 clone isolated from teat skin is a common and widespread clonal complex associated with humans, suggesting that this extramammary niche could be a relevant reservoir of methicillin-resistant staphylococci. Furthermore, the fact that 75% of MRSA were recovered from 1 farm showing poor hygiene practices strengthens the hypothesis that good hygiene practices could be useful to prevent persistence and spread of MRSA at a farm level.
Assuntos
Doenças das Cabras/epidemiologia , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Estafilocócicas/veterinária , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Coagulase/metabolismo , Doenças das Cabras/tratamento farmacológico , Cabras , Meticilina/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Ohio , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Hidrolato é o líquido resultante da extração de óleo essencial de plantas aromáticas por arraste a vapor apresentando em sua composição importantes metabólitos do vegetal de origem. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade indutora de fitoalexinas, bem como as propriedades antifúngica e antibacteriana do hidrolato de carqueja (Baccharis trimera). Foram testadas as concentrações de 1, 10, 25, 50, 75 e 100%. A atividade indutora de fitoalexinas foi avaliada em mesocótilos estiolados de sorgo e em cotilédones de soja. A atividade antifúngica foi avaliada sobre a germinação de esporos de Pseudocercospora vitis, Cercospora kaki e Hemileia vastatrix. A atividade antibacteriana foi avaliada sobre a multiplicação de Xanthomonas campestris pv. passiflorae, Erwinia carotovora e Bacilllus subtilis. O hidrolato não induziu a produção de fitoalexinas em soja, mas promoveu esta atividade em sorgo a partir da concentração de 50%. Atividade antibacteriana ocorreu para os três isolados a partir da concentração de 75%, com inibição de até 87,9% sobre B. subtilis. O hidrolato não mostrou atividade antifúngica.
Hydrolate is a product resulting from the extraction of a plant essential oil using steam distillation, which presents major metabolites of such plants in its composition. The objective of this work was to evaluate the phytoalexin induction and the antifungal and antibacterial activities of the Baccharis trimera hydrolate, in the concentrations of 1, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. Phytoalexin induction was evaluated in etiolated sorghum mesocotyl and in soybean cotyledons. The antifungal activity was evaluated on the spore germination of Pseudocercospora vitis, Cercospora kaki and Hemileia vastatrix, while the antibacterial activity was evaluate on the Xanthomonas campestris pv. passiflorae, Erwinia carotovora and Bacillus subtilis multiplication. The hydrolate did not induce the phytoalexin synthesis in soybean, but it provided activity in sorghum in the concentration of 50% and above. Antibacterial activity occurred for the three isolates tested at the concentrations of 75 and 100%, with inhibition up to 87.9% for B. subtilis. The hydrolate showed no antifungal activity.
Assuntos
Óleos Voláteis/análise , Antibacterianos/análise , Agroquímicos/isolamento & purificação , Baccharis/efeitos adversos , Antifúngicos/análiseRESUMO
The yellow passion fruit is a major fruit crop in Brazil. The post-harvest preservation of yellow passion fruits has deserved great attention since the fruit is perishable and subject to a fast deterioration and incidence of pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this work was to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of lemon grass derivatives on the mycelial growth, sporulation, spore germination and length of germ tubes of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and the effect of essential oil, extract, hydrolate and citral lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) for control of anthracnose on the yellow passion fruits. The treatments for the in vitro assay were essential oil (OE) (0.5, 1, 5, 10, 15, 25, 50 and 60 µL mL-1), autoclaved crude aqueous extract (EAA), filtered crude aqueous extract (EAF), hydrolate and citral (1, 5, 10, 20 and 25%). For the in vivo assay the fruits were treated with: OE (0.025, 0.05 and 0.1%), hydrolate (5 and 10%), EAA (10%) and citral (0.1%). Distilled water was used as a control. The anthracnose incidence and severity were evaluated every three days. The in vitro test verified that the 4 evaluated derivatives of lemon grass inhibited the mycelial growth, sporulation and spore germination. The higher the concentration of the derivatives, the higher the inhibition, which for the mycelia growth reached 55.8; 54.5; 30.0 and 19.9% for OE, EAF, EAA and hydrolate, respectively. In vivo tests showed that the OE 0.1% and EAA 10% promoted a reduction in the anthracnose severity.
O maracujá-amareloé uma das principais frutíferas cultivadas no Brasil. A conservação pós-colheita de frutos de maracujá tem merecido grande atenção visto que o fruto é perecível e está sujeito à rápida deterioração e incidência de micro-organismos patogênicos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a atividade antifúngica in vitro de derivados de capim-limão (Cymbopogon citratus) sobre o crescimento micelial, esporulação, germinação de esporos e tamanho de tubos germinativos de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides e in vivo no controle da antracnose sobre frutos de maracujá-amarelo em pós-colheita. Os tratamentos para o ensaio in vitro foram óleo essencial (OE) (0,5, 1, 5, 10, 15, 25, 50 e 60 µL mL-1), extrato bruto aquoso autoclavado (EAA), extrato bruto aquoso filtrado (EAF), hidrolato e citral (1, 5, 10, 20 e 25%) e no ensaio in vivo, os frutos foram tratados com: OE (0,025; 0,05 e 0,1%), hidrolato (5 e 10%), EAA (10%) e citral (0,1%). Água destilada foi utilizada como testemunha. Foram avaliadas a incidência e a severidade da antracnose a cada três dias. Os quatro derivados de capim-limão inibiram o crescimento micelial, a esporulação e a germinação de esporos, sendo que maiores valores de inibição foram obtidos nas maiores concentrações testadas e, no crescimento micelial, atingiram 55,8; 54,5; 30,0 e 19,9% para OE, EAF, EAA e hidrolato, respectivamente. Na avaliação in vivo, OE 0,1% e EAA 10% promoveram significativa redução na severidade da antracnose.
RESUMO
O maracujá-amarelo é uma das principais frutíferas cultivadas no Brasil. A conservação póscolheita de frutos de maracujá tem merecido grande atenção visto que o fruto é perecível e está sujeito à rápida deterioração e incidência de micro-organismos patogênicos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a atividade antifúngica in vitro de derivados de capim-limão (Cymbopogon citratus) sobre o crescimento micelial, esporulação, germinação de esporos e tamanho de tubos germinativos de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides e in vivo no controle da antracnose sobre frutos de maracujá-amarelo em pós-colheita. Os tratamentos para o ensaio in vitro foram óleo essencial (OE) (0,5, 1, 5, 10, 15, 25, 50 e 60 μL mL-1), extrato bruto aquoso autoclavado (EAA), extrato bruto aquoso filtrado (EAF), hidrolato e citral (1, 5, 10, 20 e 25%) e no ensaio in vivo, os frutos foram tratados com: OE (0,025; 0,05 e 0,1%), hidrolato (5 e 10%), EAA (10%) e citral (0,1%). Água destilada foi utilizada como testemunha. Foram avaliadas a incidência e a severidade da antracnose a cada três dias. Os quatro derivados de capim-limão inibiram o crescimento micelial, a esporulação e a germinação de esporos, sendo que maiores valores de inibição foram obtidos nas maiores concentrações testadas e, no crescimento micelial, atingiram 55,8; 54,5; 30,0 e 19,9% para OE, EAF, EAA e hidrolato, respectivamente. Na avaliação in vivo, OE 0,1% e EAA 10% promoveram significativa redução na severidade da antracnose. (AU)
CONTROL OF ANTHRACNOSE IN YELLOW PASSION FRUIT BY LEMON GRASS (CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS) DERIVATIVES. The yellow passion fruit is a major fruit crop in Brazil. The post-harvest preservation of yellow passion fruits has deserved great attention since the fruit is perishable and subject to a fast deterioration and incidence of pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this work was to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of lemon grass derivatives on the mycelial growth, sporulation, spore germination and length of germ tubes of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and the effect of essential oil, extract, hydrolate and citral lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) for control of anthracnose on the yellow passion fruits. The treatments for the in vitro assay were essential oil (OE) (0.5, 1, 5, 10, 15, 25, 50 and 60 μL mL-1), autoclaved crude aqueous extract (EAA), filtered crude aqueous extract (EAF), hydrolate and citral (1, 5, 10, 20 and 25%). For the in vivo assay the fruits were treated with: OE (0.025, 0.05 and 0.1%), hydrolate (5 and 10%), EAA (10%) and citral (0.1%). Distilled water was used as a control. The anthracnose incidence and severity were evaluated every three days. The in vitro test verified that the 4 evaluated derivatives of lemon grass inhibited the mycelial growth, sporulation and spore germination. The higher the concentration of the derivatives, the higher the inhibition, which for the mycelia growth reached 55.8; 54.5; 30.0 and 19.9% for OE, EAF, EAA and hydrolate, respectively. In vivo tests showed that the OE 0.1% and EAA 10% promoted a reduction in the anthracnose severity. (AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Água Destilada , Crescimento/fisiologia , Produtos Agrícolas , Passiflora/classificação , Colletotrichum/patogenicidade , PassifloraRESUMO
O maracujá-amarelo é uma das principais frutíferas cultivadas no Brasil. A conservação póscolheita de frutos de maracujá tem merecido grande atenção visto que o fruto é perecível e está sujeito à rápida deterioração e incidência de micro-organismos patogênicos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a atividade antifúngica in vitro de derivados de capim-limão (Cymbopogon citratus) sobre o crescimento micelial, esporulação, germinação de esporos e tamanho de tubos germinativos de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides e in vivo no controle da antracnose sobre frutos de maracujá-amarelo em pós-colheita. Os tratamentos para o ensaio in vitro foram óleo essencial (OE) (0,5, 1, 5, 10, 15, 25, 50 e 60 μL mL-1), extrato bruto aquoso autoclavado (EAA), extrato bruto aquoso filtrado (EAF), hidrolato e citral (1, 5, 10, 20 e 25%) e no ensaio in vivo, os frutos foram tratados com: OE (0,025; 0,05 e 0,1%), hidrolato (5 e 10%), EAA (10%) e citral (0,1%). Água destilada foi utilizada como testemunha. Foram avaliadas a incidência e a severidade da antracnose a cada três dias. Os quatro derivados de capim-limão inibiram o crescimento micelial, a esporulação e a germinação de esporos, sendo que maiores valores de inibição foram obtidos nas maiores concentrações testadas e, no crescimento micelial, atingiram 55,8; 54,5; 30,0 e 19,9% para OE, EAF, EAA e hidrolato, respectivamente. Na avaliação in vivo, OE 0,1% e EAA 10% promoveram significativa redução na severidade da antracnose.
CONTROL OF ANTHRACNOSE IN YELLOW PASSION FRUIT BY LEMON GRASS (CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS) DERIVATIVES. The yellow passion fruit is a major fruit crop in Brazil. The post-harvest preservation of yellow passion fruits has deserved great attention since the fruit is perishable and subject to a fast deterioration and incidence of pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this work was to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of lemon grass derivatives on the mycelial growth, sporulation, spore germination and length of germ tubes of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and the effect of essential oil, extract, hydrolate and citral lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) for control of anthracnose on the yellow passion fruits. The treatments for the in vitro assay were essential oil (OE) (0.5, 1, 5, 10, 15, 25, 50 and 60 μL mL-1), autoclaved crude aqueous extract (EAA), filtered crude aqueous extract (EAF), hydrolate and citral (1, 5, 10, 20 and 25%). For the in vivo assay the fruits were treated with: OE (0.025, 0.05 and 0.1%), hydrolate (5 and 10%), EAA (10%) and citral (0.1%). Distilled water was used as a control. The anthracnose incidence and severity were evaluated every three days. The in vitro test verified that the 4 evaluated derivatives of lemon grass inhibited the mycelial growth, sporulation and spore germination. The higher the concentration of the derivatives, the higher the inhibition, which for the mycelia growth reached 55.8; 54.5; 30.0 and 19.9% for OE, EAF, EAA and hydrolate, respectively. In vivo tests showed that the OE 0.1% and EAA 10% promoted a reduction in the anthracnose severity.