Assuntos
Poluição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Doenças Hematológicas/induzido quimicamente , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil , Criança , Eritrócitos/ultraestrutura , Feminino , Corpos de Heinz/ultraestrutura , Humanos , Chumbo/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Óxidos de Nitrogênio/intoxicação , Óxidos de Enxofre/intoxicaçãoRESUMO
Red blood cell activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, two key enzymes responsible for the control of the concentrations of activated oxygen species, were approximately two-fold higher in residents of Vila Parisi (Cubatão, Brazil)--a higher polluted neighborhood--than in a population sample from São Paulo City. The catalase levels were the same in both samples. A concurrent high concentration of methemoglobinemia and sulfhemoglobinemia was encountered in the blood of Vila Parisi residents. These data raise the possibility that the increased rate of oxyhemoglobin oxidation yielding O-.2 and H2O2 may be relevant to mutagenesis induced by HO. radicals.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Catalase/sangue , Eritrócitos/enzimologia , Glutationa Peroxidase/sangue , Metemoglobinemia/epidemiologia , Peroxidases/sangue , Sulfemoglobinemia/epidemiologia , Superóxido Dismutase/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Metemoglobinemia/sangue , Metemoglobinemia/induzido quimicamente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oxigênio/sangue , Sulfemoglobinemia/sangue , Sulfemoglobinemia/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
We describe allelic variation at 28 gene loci in natural populations of D. willistoni. Seventy samples were studied from localities extending from Mexico and Florida, through Central America, the West Indies, and tropical South America, down to South Brazil. At least several hundred, and often several thousand, genomes were sampled for each locus. We have discovered a great deal of genetic variation. On the average, 58% loci are polymorphic in a given population. (A locus is considered polymorphic when the frequency of the most common allele is no greater than 0.95). An individual fly is heterozygous, on the average, at 18.4% loci.-Concerning the pattern of the variation, the most remarkable finding is the similarity of the configuration of allelic frequencies from locality to locality throughout the distribution of the species. Our observations support the conclusion that balancing natural selection is the major factor responsible for the considerable genetic variation observed in D. willistoni.