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RESUMO A paratuberculose em bovinos de corte já foi diagnosticada no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, mas relatada em apenas um rebanho. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar se a paratuberculose pode ser detectada em rebanhos de bovinos de corte de diferentes mesorregiões do RS, por meio do teste ELISA. As amostras foram coletadas de bovinos provenientes de seis mesorregiões, entre elas as maiores produtoras de bovinos de corte do RS. Apenas duas amostras foram classificadas como suspeitas no teste de ELISA, as outras 391 amostras foram negativas. Os resultados demonstram baixa detecção da doença nas mesorregiões testadas, com apenas 0,5% das amostras com resultado suspeito. Assim, esses dados demonstram que a enfermidade é pouco frequente nos rebanhos testados e que um programa de controle pode ser implementado de forma viável e economicamente lucrativa.

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Terpenoids, also named terpenes or isoprenoids, are a family of natural products found in all living organisms. Many plants produce terpenoids as secondary metabolites, and these make up a large part of essential oils. One of most important characteristic is that the compounds are volatile, have odor and can be used in a variety of applications in different industrial segments and traditional medicine. Brazil has a rich and diverse flora that can be used as a source of research for obtaining new molecules. Within the Brazilian flora, it is worth mentioning the Caatinga as an exclusively Brazilian biome where plants adapt to a specific series of weather conditions and therefore become a great storehouse of the terpenoid compounds to be described herein. Fungal infections have become increasingly common, and a great demand for new agents with low toxicity and side effects has thus emerged. Scientists must search for new molecules exhibiting antifungal activity to develop new drugs. This review aims to analyze scientific data from the principal published studies describing the use of terpenes and their biological applications as antifungals.

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Terpenoids, also named terpenes or isoprenoids, are a family of natural products found in all living organisms. Many plants produce terpenoids as secondary metabolites, and these make up a large part of essential oils. One of most important characteristic is that the compounds are volatile, have odor and can be used in a variety of applications in different industrial segments and traditional medicine. Brazil has a rich and diverse flora that can be used as a source of research for obtaining new molecules. Within the Brazilian flora, it is worth mentioning the Caatinga as an exclusively Brazilian biome where plants adapt to a specific series of weather conditions and therefore become a great storehouse of the terpenoid compounds to be described herein. Fungal infections have become increasingly common, and a great demand for new agents with low toxicity and side effects has thus emerged. Scientists must search for new molecules exhibiting antifungal activity to develop new drugs. This review aims to analyze scientific data from the principal published studies describing the use of terpenes and their biological applications as antifungals.

Os terpenóides, também chamados terpenos ou isoprenóides, são uma família de produtos naturais encontrados em todos os organismos vivos. Muitas plantas são produtoras destes metabolitos secundários, que constituem uma grande parte dos óleos essenciais. Uma das características mais importantes é que os compostos são voláteis, têm odor e podem ser utilizados numa variedade de aplicações em diferentes segmentos industriais ou na medicina tradicional. O Brasil tem uma flora rica e diversificada que pode ser utilizada como fonte de pesquisa para a obtenção de novas moléculas. Dentro desta flora, vale a pena mencionar a Caatinga como um bioma exclusivamente brasileiro que possui plantas adaptadas a uma série de condições climáticas e, portanto, um armazém de compostos a serem descritos. As infecções fúngicas são doenças cada vez mais comuns, devido a isso existe uma grande procura de novos agentes com baixa toxicidade e efeitos secundários. Os cientistas devem procurar novas moléculas que exibam atividade antifúngica para o desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos contra as infecções fúngicas. Esta revisão visa analisar dados científicos dos principais estudos publicados que descrevem o uso de terpenóides e as suas aplicações biológicas como antifúngicos.

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Resumen: La psoriasis linear y el liquen estriado son dos dermatosis de distribución linear por su localización sobre las líneas de Blaschko. Aunque estas dos enfermedades comparten algunas características, su asociación no es común y su diagnóstico en algunas ocasiones puede ser un reto. Presentamos el caso de una paciente pediátrica que desarrolló las dos patologías, con adecuada respuesta al tratamiento con corticoides tópicos.

Abstract: Linear Psoriasis and Lichen Striatus are known as linear dermatoses for their distribution along the Blaschko lines. Although they share some characteristics, their association is not common and accurate diagnosis can sometimes be a challenge. We present the case of a girl who develops two linear dermatoses, with adequate response to topical corticosteroids.

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The tongue plays an important role in oral functions. Reduced tongue strength is often noted among children with mouth-breathing behaviour. The purposes of this study were to measure the tongue pressure in children with mouth-breathing behaviour, to compare these values to those of children with nasal-breathing behaviour and to analyse the relationship between age and tongue pressure in children with a mouth-breathing pattern and in children with a nasal-breathing pattern. In this cross-sectional analytical observational study, we enroled 40 children aged 5-12 years who either exhibited mouth-breathing behaviour (n = 20) or nasal-breathing behaviour (gender- and age-matched [±2 years] controls; n = 20). Tongue pressure was evaluated using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument; 3 measurements were recorded for each participant, with a 30-seconds rest interval. The average tongue pressure in the mouth-breathing group was lower than that in the nasal-breathing group. There was no difference in tongue pressure between genders. There was a strong and direct correlation between tongue pressure and age in the nasal-breathing group. The breathing pattern impacts tongue pressure development.

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BACKGROUND: Oral manifestations are common in neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), and include jaws and teeth alterations. Our aim was to investigate the craniomaxillofacial morphology of Brazilian children, adolescents and adults with NF1 using cone beam computed tomography. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was conducted with 36 Brazilian individuals with NF1 with ages ranging from 4 to 75. The participants were submitted to anamnesis, extra and intraoral exam and cephalometric analysis using cone beam computed tomography. Height of the NF1 individuals was compared to the length of jaws and skull base. The results of the cephalometric measurements of the NF1 group were compared with a control group paired by age, gender and skin color. RESULTS: Individuals with NF1 had lower maxillary length (p<0.0001), lower mandibular length (p<0.0001), lower skull base length (p<0.0001). In children and adolescents, the mandible was more posteriorly positioned (p=0.01), when compared with the control group. There was no association between jaws and skull base length with the height of the individuals with NF1. CONCLUSIONS: Brazilian children, adolescents and adults with NF1 have short mandible, maxilla and skull base. Moreover, children and adolescents present mandibular retrusion.

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P34 is an antimicrobial peptide produced by Bacillus sp. P34, isolated from the intestinal contents of a fish from the Amazon basin. This peptide showed antibacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and was characterized as a bacteriocin like substance. It was demonstrated that the peptide P34 exhibited antiviral activity against feline herpesvirus type 1 in vitro. The aim of this work was to evaluate P34 for its antiviral properties in vitro, using RK 13 cells, against the equine arteritis virus, since it has no specific treatment and a variable proportion of stallions may become persistently infected. The results obtained show that P34 exerts antiviral and virucidal activities against equine arteritis virus, probably in the viral envelope. The antiviral assays performed showed that P34 reduces significantly the viral titers of treated cell cultures. The mechanism of action of P34 seems to be time/temperature-dependent. This peptide tends to be a promising antiviral compound for the prevention and treatment of arteriviral infections since it has a high therapeutic index. However, more detailed studies must be performed to address the exact step of viral infection where P34 acts, in order to use this peptide as an antiviral drug in vivo in the future.(AU)

P34 é um peptídeo antimicrobiano produzido pelo Bacillus sp. P34, isolado do conteúdo intestinal de um peixe na Bacia Amazônica. Esse peptídeo demonstrou propriedades antibacterianas contra bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas e foi caracterizado como uma substância do tipo bacteriocina. Foi demonstrado que o peptídeo P34 exibiu atividade antiviral contra o herpesvírus felino tipo 1 in vitro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o P34 in vitro, em cultivo de células RK 13, contra o vírus da arterite equina, uma vez que não há tratamento específico e uma variável proporção de garanhões pode permanecer persistentemente infectada. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o peptídeo exerce atividade antiviral e virucida contra o vírus da arterite equina, agindo provavelmente no envelope viral. Os ensaios antivirais realizados demonstraram que o P34 reduz significativamente os títulos do vírus nas células infectadas e tratadas. O mecanismo de ação do P34 parece ser tempo/temperatura dependente. Esse peptídeo tende a ser um antiviral promissor para o tratamento e a prevenção das infecções por arterivírus, tendo em vista que ele possui um alto índice terapêutico. Contudo, estudos mais detalhados devem ser realizados para precisar a etapa exata da infecção viral em que o P34 age, para que ele possa ser usado como antiviral in vivo no futuro.(AU)

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Androgens may directly modulate early ovarian follicular development in preantral stages and androgen excess before puberty may disrupt this physiological process. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of follicular morphology and circulating androgen and estradiol levels in prepubertal Wistar rats acutely exposed to androgens. Prepubertal female Wistar rats were distributed into three groups: control, equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) intervention and eCG plus dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) intervention (eCG+DHEA). Serum DHEA, testosterone and estradiol levels were determined, and ovarian morphology and morphometry were assessed. The eCG+DHEA group presented increased serum estradiol and testosterone levels as compared with the control group (P<0.01), and higher serum DHEA concentration v. the eCG-only and control groups (P<0.01). In addition, the eCG+DHEA group had a higher number of, and larger-sized, primary and secondary follicles as compared with the control group (P<0.05). The eCG group presented intermediate values for number and size of primary and secondary follicles, without significant differences as compared with the other two groups. The number of antral follicles was higher in the eCG+DHEA and eCG groups v. controls (P<0.05). The number of primordial, atretic and cystic follicles were similar in all groups. In conclusion, the present experimental model using an acute eCG+DHEA intervention was useful to investigate events involved in initial follicular development under hyperandrogenic conditions, and could provide a reliable tool to study defective follicular development with possible deleterious reproductive consequences later in life.

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BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a time characterised by changes in reproductive hormones and menstrual patterns, which makes it difficult to diagnose polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in this population. The diagnosis of PCOS has a great physical and psychosocial impact on the young person. Despite the importance of a diagnosis of PCOS at adolescence, data available are limited. AIMS: This review focuses on analysing markers of PCOS diagnosis and possible treatments in adolescence. RESULTS: Although, during adolescence, diagnosis criteria of PCOS overlap with physiological changes including clinical manifestations of hyperandrogenism (acne and hirsutism), oligo/amenorrhoea, anovulation and ovarian microcysts, there is agreement that irregular menses and hyperandrogenaemia should be used to diagnose PCOS in this population. Moreover, considering that PCOS phenotype could change through the reproductive age and that adolescents display heterogeneous ovarian morphology, it has been proposed that diagnosis of PCOS should be confirmed after the age of 18. The first-line treatment for menstrual irregularity and hirsutism are oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) and for obesity and metabolic abnormalities are lifestyle changes. Insulin-sensitizer drugs, such as metformin, may be added to the treatment in the presence of metabolic alterations. Antiandrogen drugs may also be associated for treating moderate to severe hirsutism. During adolescence, physiological changes overlap with signs and symptoms of PCOS; thus the diagnosis criteria should be carefully considered. Regarding the treatment of adolescents with PCOS, non-pharmacological interventions include lifestyle changes. Pharmacological treatments comprise OCPs, antiandrogens and metformin, used isolated or combined. CONCLUSIONS: During adolescence, physiological changes overlap with signs and symptoms of PCOS; thus the diagnosis criteria should be carefully considered. Regarding the treatment of adolescents with PCOS, non-pharmacological interventions include lifestyle changes. Pharmacological treatments comprise OCPs, antiandrogens and metformin, used isolated or combined.

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Avaliaram-se as características quantitativas e qualitativas do sêmen de coelhos alimentados com uma ração referência e outra ração formulada com 79,83% de subprodutos de mandioca. Utilizaram-se 20 reprodutores da raça Nova Zelândia Branco, com idade média inicial de sete meses, alojados individualmente em gaiolas e distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com duas dietas e dez repetições. Realizaram-se dez colheitas de sêmen por animal durante seis meses. Avaliaram-se o volume de sêmen sem gel e volume de gel, cor do sêmen, pH, motilidade espermática progressiva, vigor espermático, concentração espermática, número de espermatozoides no ejaculado, espermatozoides normais, anormais e anormalidades primárias e secundárias. O volume de sêmen sem gel, o índice de normalidade, as anormalidades primárias e secundárias foram iguais (P>0,05) para os animais alimentados com a ração referência e a com subprodutos de mandioca. Os demais parâmetros do sêmen foram melhores (P<0,05) nos animais tratados com a ração com subprodutos de mandioca. Os resultados das características quali-quantitativas do sêmen dos coelhos da Raça Nova Zelândia Branco demonstram que é possível utilizar ração com 79,83% do volume da formulação com subprodutos de mandioca, na dieta de reprodutores, sem prejuízos nas características do sêmen, desde que observados os níveis reduzidos de taninos e ácido cianídrico.

The quantitative and qualitative rabbit semen characteristics fed with a reference diet and a diet formulated with 79.83% of cassava by-products were evaluated. 20 New Zealand White rabbit bucks, with initial average age of seven months were used, individually allocated and distributed in a completely ramdomized design, with two diets (treatments) and ten replications. The ten semen collections per animal were taken during six months. The evaluated parameters were: semen volume without gel and gel volume, color of semen, pH, spermatic progressive motility, spermatic vigor, spermatic concentration, spermatozoa number in the ejaculation, normal spermatozoa, abnormal and primary and secondary abnormalities spermatozoa. The semen volume without gel, the normal spermatozoa, primary and secondary abnormalities spermatozoa were similar (P>0.05) to the animals fed with cassava by-products diet and reference diet. Other semen parameters were better (P<0.05) in the animals fed with the cassava by-products diet. The results of the quali-quantitative characteristics of the semen from New Zealand White rabbits showed that it is possible to use diets containing 79.83% of inclusion of cassava by-products in the diet of rabbit bucks, without affecting semen characteristics, since we observed the reduced level of tannins and hydrocyanic acid.

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In the current experimental study, two different instruments were compared for prophylactic hemostasis during a 3-port technique of laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy (OVH) in bitches. Moreover, the need for port enlargement for specimen retrieval using 5mm or 10mm trocartes, technical difficulties and complications were assessed. Ultrasonic energy and a vascular sealing system were tested. Duration of surgery, patient weight and diameter of the uterine arteries and veins were compared among the groups. Fifteen dogs randomly divided into three groups (GI, GII, GIII) were submitted to ovariohysterectomy with hemostasis from the use of ultrasonic scalpel or vascular sealing equipment. In GI and GII the LigaSure(tm) impedance-controlled bipolar vessel-sealing device was used, differing in the size of trocartes used between groups, and in GIII Autosonix(tm) was used. Patients' weight, duration of surgery, technical difficulties and complications were compared among the groups. Statistical analysis showed no difference between the data analyzed among the groups. In conclusion, both methods of hemostasis were effective for 3-port total laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy in bitches. However, 5mm trocartes were not adequate for retrieval of the uterus and ovaries without need for enlargement of the port incision.

No presente experimento, foram comparados dois diferentes equipamentos, um com emprego de energia ultrassônica, e outro utilizando sistema de selamento vascular, como única forma de hemostasia em ovário-histerectomias laparoscópicas com três portais em cadelas. Ademais, a necessidade de ampliação da incisão do portal de 5mm ou de 10mm para a remoção dos espécimes ressecados, dificuldades técnicas e complicações foram avaliadas. Quinze cadelas aleatoriamente distribuídas em três grupos (GI, GII, GIII) foram submetidas à ovário-histerectomia com hemostasia a partir da utilização de bisturi ultrassônico ou equipamento de selamento vascular. Nos GI e GII foi utilizado um sistema de selamento vascular eletrotérmico bipolar (LigaSure(r)), diferindo-se no tamanho dos portais utilizados; em GIII foi utilizado bisturi ultrassônico (Autosonix(r)). A análise estatística não demonstrou diferença significativa entre os dados analisados nos três grupos. Conclui-se que ambos os métodos de hemostasia utilizados mostraram-se adequados e viabilizaram a realização de ovário-histerectomia laparoscópica em cadelas. Todavia, o trocarte de 5mm não foi adequado para remoção do útero e ovários sem necessidade de ampliação da incisão de acesso.

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In the current experimental study, two different instruments were compared for prophylactic hemostasis during a 3-port technique of laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy (OVH) in bitches. Moreover, the need for port enlargement for specimen retrieval using 5mm or 10mm trocartes, technical difficulties and complications were assessed. Ultrasonic energy and a vascular sealing system were tested. Duration of surgery, patient weight and diameter of the uterine arteries and veins were compared among the groups. Fifteen dogs randomly divided into three groups (GI, GII, GIII) were submitted to ovariohysterectomy with hemostasis from the use of ultrasonic scalpel or vascular sealing equipment. In GI and GII the LigaSure(tm) impedance-controlled bipolar vessel-sealing device was used, differing in the size of trocartes used between groups, and in GIII Autosonix(tm) was used. Patients' weight, duration of surgery, technical difficulties and complications were compared among the groups. Statistical analysis showed no difference between the data analyzed among the groups. In conclusion, both methods of hemostasis were effective for 3-port total laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy in bitches. However, 5mm trocartes were not adequate for retrieval of the uterus and ovaries without need for enlargement of the port incision.(AU)

No presente experimento, foram comparados dois diferentes equipamentos, um com emprego de energia ultrassônica, e outro utilizando sistema de selamento vascular, como única forma de hemostasia em ovário-histerectomias laparoscópicas com três portais em cadelas. Ademais, a necessidade de ampliação da incisão do portal de 5mm ou de 10mm para a remoção dos espécimes ressecados, dificuldades técnicas e complicações foram avaliadas. Quinze cadelas aleatoriamente distribuídas em três grupos (GI, GII, GIII) foram submetidas à ovário-histerectomia com hemostasia a partir da utilização de bisturi ultrassônico ou equipamento de selamento vascular. Nos GI e GII foi utilizado um sistema de selamento vascular eletrotérmico bipolar (LigaSure(r)), diferindo-se no tamanho dos portais utilizados, em GIII foi utilizado bisturi ultrassônico (Autosonix(r)). A análise estatística não demonstrou diferença significativa entre os dados analisados nos três grupos. Conclui-se que ambos os métodos de hemostasia utilizados mostraram-se adequados e viabilizaram a realização de ovário-histerectomia laparoscópica em cadelas. Todavia, o trocarte de 5mm não foi adequado para remoção do útero e ovários sem necessidade de ampliação da incisão de acesso.(AU)

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Avaliaram-se as características quantitativas e qualitativas do sêmen de coelhos alimentados com uma ração referência e outra ração formulada com 79,83% de subprodutos de mandioca. Utilizaram-se 20 reprodutores da raça Nova Zelândia Branco, com idade média inicial de sete meses, alojados individualmente em gaiolas e distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com duas dietas e dez repetições. Realizaram-se dez colheitas de sêmen por animal durante seis meses. Avaliaram-se o volume de sêmen sem gel e volume de gel, cor do sêmen, pH, motilidade espermática progressiva, vigor espermático, concentração espermática, número de espermatozoides no ejaculado, espermatozoides normais, anormais e anormalidades primárias e secundárias. O volume de sêmen sem gel, o índice de normalidade, as anormalidades primárias e secundárias foram iguais (P>0,05) para os animais alimentados com a ração referência e a com subprodutos de mandioca. Os demais parâmetros do sêmen foram melhores (P<0,05) nos animais tratados com a ração com subprodutos de mandioca. Os resultados das características quali-quantitativas do sêmen dos coelhos da Raça Nova Zelândia Branco demonstram que é possível utilizar ração com 79,83% do volume da formulação com subprodutos de mandioca, na dieta de reprodutores, sem prejuízos nas características do sêmen, desde que observados os níveis reduzidos de taninos e ácido cianídrico.(AU)

The quantitative and qualitative rabbit semen characteristics fed with a reference diet and a diet formulated with 79.83% of cassava by-products were evaluated. 20 New Zealand White rabbit bucks, with initial average age of seven months were used, individually allocated and distributed in a completely ramdomized design, with two diets (treatments) and ten replications. The ten semen collections per animal were taken during six months. The evaluated parameters were: semen volume without gel and gel volume, color of semen, pH, spermatic progressive motility, spermatic vigor, spermatic concentration, spermatozoa number in the ejaculation, normal spermatozoa, abnormal and primary and secondary abnormalities spermatozoa. The semen volume without gel, the normal spermatozoa, primary and secondary abnormalities spermatozoa were similar (P>0.05) to the animals fed with cassava by-products diet and reference diet. Other semen parameters were better (P<0.05) in the animals fed with the cassava by-products diet. The results of the quali-quantitative characteristics of the semen from New Zealand White rabbits showed that it is possible to use diets containing 79.83% of inclusion of cassava by-products in the diet of rabbit bucks, without affecting semen characteristics, since we observed the reduced level of tannins and hydrocyanic acid.(AU)

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Trichosporon spp. have recently emerged as significant human pathogens. Identification of these species is important, both for epidemiological purposes and for therapeutic management, but conventional identification based on biochemical traits is hindered by the lack of updates to the species databases provided by the different commercial systems. In this study, 93 strains, or isolates, belonging to 16 Trichosporon species were subjected to both molecular identification using IGS1 gene sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis. Our results confirmed the limits of biochemical systems for identifying Trichosporon species, because only 27 (36%) of the isolates were correctly identified using them. Different protein extraction procedures were evaluated, revealing that incubation for 30 min with 70% formic acid yields the spectra with the highest scores. Among the six different reference spectra databases that were tested, a specific one composed of 18 reference strains plus seven clinical isolates allowed the correct identification of 67 of the 68 clinical isolates (98.5%). Although until recently it has been less widely applied to the basidiomycetous fungi, MALDI-TOF appears to be a valuable tool for identifying clinical Trichosporon isolates at the species level.

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Protease inhibitors (PIs), part of HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therap) are selective, competitive inhibitors of protease, a crucial enzyme to viral maturation, infection and replication. A lipodystrophic syndrome has been reported in individuals treated with HAART, and associated to hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertrigliceridemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and hypreinsulinemia. The HAART-associated metabolic abnormalities were first associated with protease inhibitors, Ritonavir mostly, but the mechamisns that underlie these metabolic alterations are to date, not completely understood. Since PIs are candidate to be the drug of choice for other diseases treatment, such as the Hepatitis C, malaria and some types of cancer, it seems to be important to clarify the metabolic alterations associated to PIs. Wistar rats were treated twice a week with 30mg/kg Ritonavir for 4 and 8 weeks. Total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, triglycerides and glycemic levels were measured by the end of each period of time selected. To avoid confunding effects of food intake, the animals were fasted 16 hours before. Our results showed rapid increase in serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C and glycemic levels. No significant differences were observed for HDL-C or VLDL serum levels. Our study addresses the importance to observe the possible family history of dyslipidemia or diabetes, and control any other cardiovascular and diabetes risk factors when using protease inhibitors.

Los inhibidores de la proteasa (IP), que forman parte de la terapia HAART (terapia antirretroviral altamente activa), son inhibidores selectivos y competitivos de la proteasa, enzima crucial para la maduración, infección y replicación viral. Un síndrome lipodistrófico, asociado a hiperglucemia, hipercolesterolemia, hipertrigliceridemia, hiperlipidemia, hipertensión e hiperinsulinemia, ha sido relatado en pacientes tratados con HAART. Las anomalías metabólicas asociadas a la HAART fueron relacionadas, inicialmente, a los inhibidores de la proteasa, principalmente el Ritonavir, pero los mecanismos que relacionados a estas alteraciones metabólicas son poco comprendidos. Dado que los IP son posibles candidatos a fármacos de elección para tratamiento de otras enfermedades, como hepatitis C, malaria y algunos tipos de cáncer, es importante esclarecer las alteraciones metabólicas asociadas a los inhibidores de la proteasa. Ratas Wistar fueron tratadas dos veces por semana con 30 mg/kg de Ritonavir por 4 y 8 semanas. Fueron determinados los niveles de colesterol total, HDL, LDL, VLDL, triglicéridos y glucemia, al final de cada período considerado. Para evitar la interferencia de la ingestión de alimentos en las determinaciones de laboratorio, los animales fueron sometidos a un ayuno previo de 16 horas. Nuestros resultados mostraron un rápido aumento sérico de los niveles de triglicéridos, colesterol total, LDL-C y glucemia. No se observaron diferencias significativas para los niveles séricos de HDL-C o VLDL. Nuestro estudio apunta a la importancia de considerar los posibles antecedentes familiares de dislipidemia o diabetes, y controlar cualquier otro factor de riesgo cardiovascular y de diabetes cuando se utilizan los inhibidores de la proteasa.

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This prospective longitudinal study assessed the 3D soft tissue changes following mandibular advancement surgery. Cranial base registration was performed for superimposition of virtual models built from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) volumes. Displacements at the soft and hard tissue chin (n = 20), lower incisors and lower lip (n = 21) were computed for presurgery to splint removal (4-6-week surgical outcome), presurgery to 1 year postsurgery (1-year surgical outcome), and splint removal to 1 year postsurgery (postsurgical adaptation). Qualitative evaluations of color maps illustrated the surgical changes and postsurgical adaptations, but only the lower lip showed statistically significant postsurgical adaptations. Soft and hard tissue chin changes were significantly correlated for each of the intervals evaluated: presurgery to splint removal (r = 0.92), presurgery to 1 year postsurgery (r = 0.86), and splint removal to 1 year postsurgery (r = 0.77). A statistically significant correlation between lower incisor and lower lip was found only between presurgery and 1 year postsurgery (r = 0.55). At 1 year after surgery, 31% of the lower lip changes were explained by changes in the lower incisor position while 73% of the soft tissue chin changes were explained by the hard chin. This study suggests that 3D soft tissue response to mandibular advancement surgery is markedly variable.

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