RESUMO
We present a flora and fauna dataset for the Mira-Mataje binational basins. This is an area shared between southwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador, where both the Chocó and Tropical Andes biodiversity hotspots converge. We systematized data from 120 sources in the Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A) standard and geospatial vector data format for geographic information systems (GIS) (shapefiles). Sources included natural history museums, published literature, and citizen science repositories across 13 countries. The resulting database has 33,460 records from 6,821 species, of which 540 have been recorded as endemic, and 612 as threatened. The diversity represented in the dataset is equivalent to 10% of the total plant species and 26% of the total terrestrial vertebrate species in both hotspots. The dataset can be used to estimate and compare biodiversity patterns with environmental parameters and provide value to ecosystems, ecoregions, and protected areas. The dataset is a baseline for future assessments of biodiversity in the face of environmental degradation, climate change, and accelerated extinction processes.
Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Plantas , Equador , Animais , Colômbia , Vertebrados , Sistemas de Informação Geográfica , Ecossistema , Mudança Climática , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Clima TropicalRESUMO
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a common and potentially fatal condition. Despite existing treatments, recurrence rates and complications remain high. Understanding the pathophysiology of thrombus formation is crucial for developing effective therapies. This narrative review provides an overview of the critical elements of acute and chronic DVT, presents a theoretical framework for understanding thrombus formation, and discusses potential implications for therapeutic interventions. In addition, a hypothesis of thrombus formation is formulated, encompassing all elements described in this work.
Assuntos
Embolia Pulmonar , Trombose , Tromboembolia Venosa , Trombose Venosa , Humanos , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Trombose Venosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Trombose Venosa/terapia , Trombose/complicações , Trombose/tratamento farmacológico , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Embolia Pulmonar/terapia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
El déficit de agua es uno de los factores más limitantes para la obtención de altos rendimientos en los cultivos. Junto con esto, se debe mencionar que el agua se está convirtiendo en un ecurso escaso debido a condiciones relacionadas con el cambio climático, lo cual implica que cuando un productor decide regar sus cultivos, la eficiencia del sistema para el uso de agua debe ser un factor a considerar. Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación que pretende evaluar desde un punto de vista económico dos sistemas de riego empleados en plantaciones de palma de aceite de Colombia: el sistema de riego por aspersión (ra) y el sistema de riego por inundación (ri). Además, dentro del análisis se consideró un escenario en el que el productor no utiliza ningún sistema de riego (sr). Con respecto a los métodos de evaluación económica se utilizaron: la tasa interna de retorno, el costo unitario, el ingreso neto y el periodo de recuperación de la inversión. Los resultados indican que, a un precio de $ 365.000 por tonelada de rff, 70 Revista Palmas. Bogotá (Colombia) vol. 39 (1) 69 - 85, enero - marzo 2018 Introducción El rendimiento potencial de la palma de aceite se ve limitado, entre otros factores, por el déficit de agua. Esta situación se traduce en una brecha entre el potencial que ofrecen los materiales genéticos desarrollados y el rendimiento que en realidad obtienen los productores de sus cultivos. En ese sentido, la oferta hídrica determina el potencial de producción de un cultivo (Van Ittersum et al., 2013). En el caso de la palma de aceite, Corley & Tinker (2014) refieren que el déficit de agua es el factor climático que probablemente más afecta los rendimientos de este cultivo. A partir de lo anterior, se podría afirmar que el rendimiento esperado de un cultivo en regiones con déficit de este recurso, estará principalmente en función de las soluciones que se adopten para superar esta condición limitante. Entre estas se encuentran la adopción de materiales genéticos con tolerancia a la sequía, la implementación de sistemas de riego que permitan suplir el déficit (Lobell, Cassman & Field, 2009), y/o la adopción de otras prácticas que contribuyan a mitigar el efecto de la sequía en el suelo y que a su vez favorezcan la retención de la humedad existente, tal como el uso de residuos orgánicos (Beltrán, Pulver, Guerrero & Mosquera, 2015). De acuerdo con Woittiez et al. (2017), el rendimiento de la palma de aceite se reduce con precipitaciones inferiores a 2.000 mm/año, o si se presentan meses con precipitaciones inferiores a 100 mm. En el caso de las regiones palmeras de Colombia ambas condiciones son ciertas. Por ejemplo, en la Figura 1 se puede ver la precipitación mensual de cuatro plantaciones de la Zona Norte durante cuatro años. Es posible observar que al menos durante cuatro meses del año se registran precipitaciones que no superan los 100 mm. Establecer cultivos de palma aceitera con un sistema de riego por aspersión es la mejor alternativa desde el punto de vista económico. De esta manera, la tir resulta ser 4 % mayor con ra comparado con ri, y un 8 % superior en comparación con sr. Así mismo, el costo unitario es 7 % menor con ra comparado con ri, y 9 % más bajo en comparación con sr. Por su parte, los ingresos netos son 20 % más altos en ra comparado con ri, y 63 % superiores en comparación con sr. Por último, la amortización llega antes en ra en comparación con ri y sr. Este trabajo presenta además resultados para el análisis de sensibilidad que se llevó a cabo sobre el precio del agua y el precio pagado por rff
Water deficit is among the most limiting factors for obtaining high yields in agricultural crops. Along with this, water is becoming a scarce resource due to climate change, which implies that whenever a grower de-cides to irrigate their crops, the efficiency of the system for water usage must be a factor to be considered. This paper presents the results of a research undertaken in order to assess two irrigation systems used at oil palm plantations in Colombia from an economic perspective, they were: sprinklers irrigation (-*) and, f lood irrigation (2*). A scenario in which the grower does not use any irrigation system (K*) was also con-sidered. Regarding the economic assessment methods we used: internal rate of return (*&&), unit cost, net income, net present value (OQS), and payback period (QU). Results indicate that at a price of XYQ 365.000 per ton of 22U, establishing oil palm crops with sprinklers irrigation systems is the best alternative from an economic angle. With this method, the *&& is 4% higher at -* compared to 2*, and 8% higher compared to K*. The unit cost is 7% lower at -* compared to 2*, and 9% lower compared to K*. Besides, net income is 20% higher at -* than at 2*, and 63% higher compared to K*. Finally, the payback period comes earlier at -*, compared to 2* and K*. This study also provides results for sensitivity analyses carried out for the price of water and for the price paid for 22U.
Assuntos
História do Século XXI , Compostos Químicos , Abastecimento Rural de Água , Indicadores EconômicosRESUMO
Resumen OBJETIVO: determinar los factores de riesgo asociados con el desgarro intraparto del esfínter anal MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: análisis retrospectivo, de casos y controles con desgarro del esfínter anal y sin éste. Se aplicó análisis bivariante. RESULTADOS: se incluyeron 97 pacientes: 48 casos de desgarro del esfínter anal y 49 controles sin éste. La incidencia de desgarros fue de 1.6% (1.3% en primíparas y 0.3% en multíparas). En el análisis bivariante se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en primiparidad (p=0.003), parto inducido (p<0.001), parto instrumentado (p=0.006), duración de la dilatación (p=0.023), tiempo de expulsión (p=0.007), episiotomía (p<0.001), peso del recién nacido (p=0.006) e incontinencia urinaria (p=0.002). Con el análisis univariante se obtuvo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en las variables de primiparidad (RM de 3.833, p=0.004), parto instrumentado (RM de 3.214, p=0.007), episiotomía (RM de 6.101, p<0.001), peso del recién nacido (RM de 1.001 por cada gramo, p=0.009), duración de la dilatación (RM de 1.004 por cada minuto, p=0,012) y del tiempo de expulsión (RM 1.007 por cada minuto, p=0.016). En el análisis multivariado sólo se encontró asociación con la episiotomía (RM de 6.76 e IC 95% de 2.436-18.805) y peso del recién nacido (RM de 1.001 e IC 95% de 1.000-1.002); el área bajo la curva ROC fue de 0.762 (IC=0.667-0.856). CONCLUSIONES: el desgarro del esfínter es multifactorial y difícil de predecir. Para intentar reducir la incidencia debe intervenirse en los factores de riesgo modificables.
Abstract OBJETIVE: to determinate the risk factors of intrapartum anal sphincter tear. MATERIAL AND METHOD: a retrospective case-control study which included a total of 97 patientes: 48 with anal sphincter tear and 49 without tear. RESULTS: There was an incidence of 1.6% of anal sphincter injury (1.3% in primiparous and 0.3% in multiparous). In bivariate analysis statistical significant differences was found in primiparity (p=0.003), labour induction (p<0.001), instrumental delivery (p=0.006), dilatation duration (p=0.023), duration of expulsive stage (p=0.007), episiotomy (p<0.001), fetal weight (p=0.006) and urinary incontinence (p=0.002). Univariate analysis showed a statistical difference in primiparous (OR 3.833, p=0.004), instrumental delivery (OR 3.214, p=0.007), episiotomy (OR 6.101, p<0.001), fetal weight (OR 1.001 for each grams, p=0.009), dilatation duration (OR 1.004 for each minute, p=0.012), duration of expulsive stage (OR 1.007 for each minute, p=0.016). In the multivariate analysis significant difference was found in episiotomy with an OR=6.76 and CI 95% of 2.436-18.805, and fetal weight with an OR=1.001 and CI 95% of 1.000-1.002; the discrimination index area under the curve (AUC) showed a value of 0.762, CI=0.667-0.856. CONCLUSIONS: the anal sphincter injury is multifactorial and difficult to predict. Intervention on modifiable risk factors should allow a reduction in its incidence.
RESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence in adolescents using three different definitions for this age group. The evaluated sample consisted of 718 male and 743 female adolescents. Definitions by Cook et al., de Ferranti et al. and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) for adolescents were used to estimate the prevalence of MetS. The prevalence of MetS was 8.5, 2.5 and 1.2% by de Ferranti et al., Cook et al. and IDF definitions, respectively. High fasting glucose component had the lower prevalence whereas high triglycerides levels component was the most prevalent. In obese adolescents, the prevalence of MetS was higher. MetS classification in adolescents strongly depends on the definition chosen. Further research is required for the evaluation of the current definitions (multicentric studies), and for addition or design of new and useful criteria.
Assuntos
Síndrome Metabólica/diagnóstico , Síndrome Metabólica/etnologia , Adolescente , Glicemia/análise , Índice de Massa Corporal , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etnologia , Criança , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Obesidade/etnologia , Vigilância da População , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Triglicerídeos/sangue , População UrbanaRESUMO
Ferritin levels have been associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prediction of ferritin levels by variables related to cardiometabolic disease risk in a multivariate analysis. For this aim, 123 healthy women (72 premenopausal and 51 posmenopausal) were recruited. Data were collected through procedures of anthropometric measurements, questionnaires for personal/familial antecedents, and dietary intake (24-h recall), and biochemical determinations (ferritin, C reactive protein (CRP), glucose, insulin, and lipid profile) in blood serum samples obtained. Multiple linear regression analysis was used and variables with no normal distribution were log-transformed for this analysis. In premenopausal women, a model to explain log-ferritin levels was found with log-CRP levels, heart attack familial history, and waist circumference as independent predictors. Ferritin behaves as other cardiovascular markers in terms of prediction of its levels by documented predictors of cardiometabolic disease and related disorders. This is the first report of a relationship between heart attack familial history and ferritin levels. Further research is required to evaluate the mechanism to explain the relationship of central body fat and heart attack familial history with body iron stores values.
Assuntos
Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Ferro/metabolismo , Infarto do Miocárdio/patologia , Circunferência da Cintura , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/análise , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Glicemia/análise , Índice de Massa Corporal , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Estudos Transversais , Coleta de Dados , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patologia , Feminino , Ferritinas/sangue , Humanos , Resistência à Insulina , Modelos Lineares , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/metabolismo , Linhagem , Pós-Menopausa , Pré-Menopausa , Fatores de Risco , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Saúde da MulherRESUMO
Understanding linkages between household behavior and Aedes aegypti (L.) larval ecology is essential for community-based dengue mitigation. Here we associate water storage behaviors with the rate of A. aegypti pupal production in three dengue-endemic Colombian cities with different mean temperatures. Qualitative, semi-structured interviews and pupal counts were conducted over a 7-15-day period in 235 households containing a water storage vessel infested with larvae. Emptying vessels more often than every 7 days strongly reduced pupal production in all three cities. Emptying every 7-15 days reduced production by a similar magnitude as emptying <7 days in Armenia (21.9 degrees C), has a threefold smaller reduction as compared to <7 days in Bucaramanga (23.9 degrees C), and did not reduce production in Barranquilla (29.0 degrees C). Lidding vessels reduced mosquito production and was most feasible in Barranquilla because of container structure. Vessel emptying strongly correlated with usage in Barranquilla, where many households stored water in case of interruptions in piped service rather than for regular use. In the cooler cities, >90% of households regularly used stored water for washing clothes, generating a weaker correlation between emptying and usage. Emptying was less frequent in the households surveyed in the dry season in all three cities. These results show that A. aegypti production and human behaviors are coupled in a temperature-dependent manner. In addition to biological effects on aquatic stages, climate change may impact A. aegypti production through human behavioral adaptations. Vector control programs should account for geographic variation in temperature and water usage behaviors in designing targeted interventions.
Assuntos
Aedes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dengue , Insetos Vetores/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Controle de Mosquitos/métodos , Água , Animais , Colômbia , Dengue/prevenção & controle , Dengue/transmissão , Ecologia , Características da Família , Utensílios Domésticos , Humanos , Masculino , Pupa , Estações do Ano , Temperatura , Abastecimento de ÁguaRESUMO
Este artículo describe el proceso de transporte interno de racimos de fruto fresco (rff) que se lleva a cabo en tres diferentes plantaciones de palma aceitera de Colombia. Las tres utilizan tractores y han diseñado sus sistemas de transporte de acuerdo con el diseño de su plantación, la distancia que las separa de las plantas de beneficio, la disponibilidad de mano de obra y los requerimientos de maquinaria. El costo de transportar una tonelada de rff fue estimado para cada plantación. Se ha determinado que la eficiencia de un sistema de transporte de fruto depende de dos hechos: la producción de racimos de fruta fresca por hectárea y las actividades que se le asignan a cada trabajador, que en algunos casos generan cuellos de botellas en el sistema.
This paper describes the in-field transportation process of Fresh Fruit Bunches (ffb), carried out by three different Colombian oil palm plantations. The three of them use tractors and figure out their transportation systems in accordance with their plantation design, distance to the mill, labor availability and machinery requirements. The transportation cost of a ton of ffb was estimated for each plantation. It has been determined that the efficiency of a transportation system depends on two facts. The first one is the production of ffb per hectare. The second refers to the activities assigned to each worker that in some cases generate a bottleneck in the system.
Assuntos
Humanos , Agroindústria , Óleo de Palmeira , Transporte de ProdutosRESUMO
The prevalence of insulin resistance and risk factors for chronic diseases is not known in Colombia. The purpose of the study was of determine the association of insulin resistance and risk of chronic diseases in young, apparently healthy adults. By convenience, 97 subjects, mean age of 24 years were studied. Family and personal history, anthropometrics, lipid profile, and a short insulin tolerance test was done to each subject to identify prevalence o insulin resistance and its association with risk factors. Plasma lipids and anthropometrics were within acceptable range. Insulin sensitivity was categorized as high, border high, border low and low. Out of 97 subjects 47 had altered sensitivity. Most women (68%) were classified as border low, and most men (60%) as low. There was a difference between these two categories in waist circumference and weight. Border low and low cases had not less than 3 risk factors but the total number of factors was not different within the 4 groups. More than 50% of cases had family history of chronic diseases, sedentary life and low C-HDL. There was a negative association between insulin sensitivity and fasting Glycaemia and positive with fasting triglycerides, BMI, Waist hip ratio and weight. Results suggest a surprisingly high prevalence of risk factors in a young group associated with altered insulin sensitivity. It may be possible to identify early indicators of risk and develop appropriate strategies for prevention.
En Colombia se desconoce la prevalencia de resistencia a insulina(RI) y factores de riesgo(FR) para el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles(ECNT). El objetivo del estudio fue determinar asociación entre FR de ECNT y el grado de sensibilidad a insulina (SI)I en adultos jóvenes aparentemente sanos. Se seleccionaron por conveniencia 97 sujetos (24±4.66 años), de quienes se obtuvo historia familiar y personal, antropometría, perfil lipídico y se practicó Test Corto de Tolerancia a Insulina para determinar prevalencia de RI y factores de riesgo asociados. La media del perfil lipídico y la antropometría estuvieron dentro de límites de referencia. La SI se categorizó en Alta, Media-Alta, Media-Baja y Baja, 51% de mujeres y 41% de hombres se ubicaron en los grupos de menor sensibilidad. Se encontró diferencia entre la circunferencia de cintura y peso entre sujetos con SI Baja y Media-Baja y SI Media Alta y Alta. Los grupos con Media-Baja y Baja presentaron como mínimo tres FR. Mas del 50% de los casos con antecedentes familiares de ECNT, sedentarismo, bajo C-HDL. Asociación negativa entre SI y glucosa en ayunas y positiva de triglicéridos en ayunas con el Índice de masa corporal, relación cintura cadera y peso. Los resultados muestran una presencia elevada de FR para el desarrollo de ECNT en población joven asociada a una prevalencia de disminución de la SI mayor que la reportada, permitirán proponer indicadores tempranos para detectar personas a riesgo y utilizar estrategias de prevención adecuadas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Doença Crônica/epidemiologia , Resistência à Insulina , Estudos Transversais , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Análise de Regressão , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
La situación social del campo colombiano se caracteriza por altos niveles de pobreza. Sin embargo, existen excepciones. En efecto, algunos cultivos dan al trabajador mejores condiciones que otros. Estudios previos hacen referencia al caso de los cultivos permanentes, entre otros la palma de aceite, en los cuales el trabajador tiene acceso a seguridad social y empleo estable. La contribución de la agroindustria de la palma de aceite al proceso de desarrollo social de las comunidades pertenecientes a sus áreas de influencia son el objeto de este artículo. En este análisis se incluyeron variables relacionadas con generación de empleo, condiciones de vida e ingreso de los trabajadores. Los principales hallazgos de este estudio son: 1) La palma de aceite tiene gran capacidad de generación de empleo; 2) los municipios relacionados con la obtención de aceite de palma tienen mejores condiciones de vida que las de otros localizados en las mismas áreas que no se dedican a esta actividad; y 3) los trabajadores del sector de la palma de aceite colombiano, que en general son poco calificados, son bien remunerados.
The social condition on the rural areas of Colombia is characterized by high levels of poverty. Nevertheless, there are exceptions. In fact, some crops provide better living conditions than others to their employees. Previous studies mention the case of perennial crops, which includes the oil palm, in which workers have access to social security and labour stability. The contribution of palm oil agro industry to the social development of the communities located in its influence areas is the subject of this paper. This analysis includes variables related to employment generation, standards of living and worker's income. The main findings of this study are: 1) The palm oil has a great capacity of generating employment opportunities, 2) Municipalities linked to oil palm have better living conditions than others located in near by areas not related to this activity ...
Assuntos
Humanos , Planejamento Social , Desenvolvimento Econômico , Qualidade de Vida , Óleo de Palmeira , Desenvolvimento SustentávelRESUMO
The challenge of achieving community participation as a component of health sector reform is especially great in low- and middle-income countries where there is limited experience of community participation in social policy making. This paper concentrates on the social representations of different actors at different levels of the health care system in Colombia that may hinder or enable effective implementation of the participatory policy. The study took place in Cali, Colombia and focused on two institutional mechanisms created by the state to channel citizen participation into the health sector, i.e. user associations and customer service offices. This is a case study with multiple sources of evidence using a combination of quantitative and qualitative social science methods. The analysis of respondents' representations revealed a range of practical concerns and considerable degree of scepticism among public and private sector institutions, consumer groups and individual citizens about user participation. Although participation in Colombia has been introduced on political, managerial and ethical grounds, this study has found that health care users do not yet have a meaningful seat around the table of decision-making bodies.
Assuntos
Participação da Comunidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Reforma dos Serviços de Saúde , Implementação de Plano de Saúde , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Competição em Planos de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Colômbia , Relações Comunidade-Instituição , Associações de Consumidores , Humanos , Conhecimento , Liderança , Programas Nacionais de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Programas Nacionais de Saúde/organização & administração , Estudos de Casos Organizacionais , Inovação Organizacional , Administração em Saúde Pública , Inquéritos e Questionários , População UrbanaRESUMO
Magnitude and distribution of Diarrhoea and Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in children were studied within a larger broader research that focused on health education. Two household surveys were conducted in a sample of families with at least one child under five years of Recife and Olinda in April-May 1992 and 1994. The total number of children studied was 5,436. The estimated adjusted annual incidence rate (AAIR) of diarrhoea was 2.7 episodes per child. The two-week incidence rate of diarrhoea was 10.2% for both years. Risk factors associated with higher incidence of diarrhoea were age (under two years), lack of sanitation facilities, and absence of electrical appliances in the household. Estimated AAIR of ARI was 9. 5 episodes per child. The two-week incidence rate of ARI was 41.0% in 1992 and 32.6% in 1994. Majority of ARIs affected the upper respiratory tract (75.9%). The only factor consistently associated with a higher risk of ARI was age (under three years). Study results indicate that both pathologies are still an important health problem for children under five in Pernambuco. In particular, in the case of diarrhoea the need for improving the access to basic services, such as water supply and sewage system is urgently needed.
Assuntos
Diarreia Infantil/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Doença Aguda , Fatores Etários , Brasil/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Diarreia Infantil/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Educação em Saúde , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Infecções Respiratórias/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , População UrbanaRESUMO
Every year more than one million fractures of the proximal femur occur in the world, especially in older persons. Given the continuous aging experienced by populations, such fractures will become more frequent from year to year and will constitute a growing public health problem. The largest increase is expected to occur in countries of Latin America around the year 2050. Since nearly 70% of all atraumatic fractures in persons over 45 are due to osteoporosis, a case-control study was conducted in the city of Mar del Plata, Argentina, for the purpose of investigating the incidence of and the risk factors associated with proximal femur fractures due to osteoporosis. Between 1 August 1992 and 31 July 1993, a record was kept of all fractures of the proximal femur due to osteoporosis in persons over 50 years of age that visited any of the city's 30 public and private health centers. A total of 246 cases was recorded. The incidence rate per 100,000 inhabitants in the above-50 population was 259 among women and 92 among men, for a ratio of 2.8:1. The incidence was consistently higher in the older age groups, especially in persons over 75. Factors associated with a statistically significant increased risk of fracture of the proximal femur were: a history of neurologic disorders, psychotherapeutic drug use, alcohol consumption, previous fractures, cardiovascular disease, and a decreased intake of milk products. There were no observed differences between cases and controls with respect to age at menopause, weight, height, previous activity, smoking habits, or sun exposure, nor were such differences detected in terms of the percentage of women who had undergone oophorectomy.
Assuntos
Fraturas do Fêmur/etiologia , Osteoporose/complicações , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Análise de Variância , Argentina/epidemiologia , Feminino , Fraturas do Fêmur/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteoporose/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Distribuições EstatísticasRESUMO
El presente es un estudio realizado al sur del Puerto Francisco de Orellana (Recinto Laconde) donde se seleccionaron dos pacientes de un grupo investigado de 25 personas con antecedente de ingestión de crustáceos (pangoras) para observar la variación clínica de la paragonimiasis pulmonar. Se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: El 100 por ciento de los pacientes desconocen el método de contagio. De los siete pacientes detectados, 2 (28.5 por ciento) presentaron un cuadro clínico grave. En estos dos casos se observó hipereosinofilia 34 por ciento y 30 por ciento respectivamente.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Broncopneumonia , ParagonimíaseRESUMO
An epidemiological survey about the incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding during three periods (1980, 1985 and 1990), was performed in 9 Chilean hospitals. Its annual incidence decreased in 1990, when compared to 1980. Likewise the etiologies changed, with an increase in the incidence of duodenal ulcers and a decrease in the incidence of erosive gastritis and bleeding of unknown origin in 1990. A seasonal variation with higher bleeding rates in autumn was also recorded.
Assuntos
Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/epidemiologia , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Úlcera Duodenal/complicações , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas/complicações , Gastrite/complicações , Humanos , Estações do Ano , Úlcera Gástrica/complicaçõesRESUMO
La obstruccion reversible de las vias aereas como consecuencia de estimulos diversos exige tratamiento inmediato y un profundo y concienzudo estudio de su etiologia, patogenia y factores agravantes, para poder conducir adecuadamente una terapia que mejore el pronostico a largo plazo y la calidad de vida del paciente
Assuntos
Humanos , Asma , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/fisiopatologia , Asma/prevenção & controle , Asma/terapiaRESUMO
El presente es un estudio realizado al sur del Puerto Francisco de Orellana (Recinto Laconde) donde se seleccionaron dos pacientes de un grupo investigado de 25 personas con antecedentes de ingestión de crustáceos (pangoras) para observar la variación clínica de la paragonimiasis pulmonar. Se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: El 100 por ciento de los pacientes desconocen el método de contagio. De los siete pacientes detectados, 2 (28.5 por ciento) presentaron un cuadro clínico grave. En estos dos casos se observó hiperosinofilia 34 por ciento y 30 por ciento respectivamente.