RESUMO
An eco-epidemiological study was carried out in the region of the Alpujarras (southern Spain, Granada province). Nine villages were chosen at random in 5 bioclimatic zones. A study of leishmaniasis in the canine and human populations, was carried out concentrating especially upon schoolchildren. A total of 615 dogs were screened, which represents almost 100% of the canine census. Of the screened dogs, 33 showed an antibody titer > or = 1/160 when tested by IFA (seroprevalence of 5.3%). Age, sex, activity, and clinical symptoms of each dog were taken into account. Among the human population, infection from Leishmania was studied using the Leishmanin skin test (LST). Of 1286 people who were tested, 568 (44.16%) were positive. Most of the subjects were schoolchildren (878; practically 100% of the pupils), of whom 288 (32.8%) tested positive. A close relation was seen to exist between the percentage of positive LST's and age. Finally, a close relationship was also observed between canine seroprevalence and percentage of schoolchildren who tested positive in the LST, in the 5 bioclimatic zones under consideration.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Leishmania infantum , Leishmaniose Visceral/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Antígenos de Protozoários/imunologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Cães , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Leishmania infantum/imunologia , Leishmania infantum/isolamento & purificação , Leishmaniose Visceral/veterinária , Masculino , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Fatores Sexuais , Testes Cutâneos , Espanha/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Sixty-four strains of Leishmania of canine origin, 61 visceral and three cutaneous, were isoenzymatically examined. These were collected from 23 sites in the Granada region in southern Spain. Starch gel was used in electrophoresis and a total of 15 enzymes were studied. All of the visceral strains and two of the cutaneous ones were identified as L. infantum zymodeme GR-1 (= MON-1). The third cutaneous strain was of a different zymodeme, belonging to the same complex but differing in the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (= 105) enzyme. This zymodeme has been named GR-16 and is equivalent to L. infantum MON-105; it has not been previously reported in dogs or any other animal reservoir.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Isoenzimas/análise , Leishmania infantum/classificação , Leishmaniose Cutânea/veterinária , Leishmaniose Visceral/veterinária , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Cães , Eletroforese em Gel de Amido/veterinária , Imunofluorescência/veterinária , Leishmania infantum/enzimologia , Leishmania infantum/imunologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/parasitologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/parasitologia , EspanhaRESUMO
This study presents the results of the isoenzymatic characterization of 21 strains of Leishmania of sandfly (P. perniciosus) origin from the Torvizcón area. It forms an integral part of a larger eco-epidemiological study of the Alpujarras (Granada province, Southern Spain). The strains analysed were shown to belong to the L. infantum complex based on the results of 15 enzymes. The electrophoretic profiles for the enzymes MDH, G6PD and NP1 have permitted the identification of four zymodemes: GR-1 (5 strains), GR-2 (2 strains), GR-3 (13 strains) and GR-7 (1 strain); only one of these zymodemes, GR-1, was found in the Torvizcón area in the vertebrate host (man and dog). This is the first time zymodeme GR-7 has been described.
Assuntos
Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Isoenzimas/análise , Leishmania infantum/classificação , Phlebotomus/parasitologia , Animais , Eletroforese em Gel de Amido , Feminino , Leishmania infantum/enzimologia , Leishmania infantum/isolamento & purificação , EspanhaRESUMO
Authors make a retrospective study in 18 children with kala-azar, considering in every case the following epidemiological aspects: age, sex, situation, time of the year and lethality. They have also studied the vector of this disease in some points in Granada and after an adequate study concluded that the main vector of the kala-azar in the investigated zone is "Phlebotomus perniciosus". They have detected as well a new species in Spain, "Plebotomus longicuspis", with a slight epidemiological interest. Finally both investigations are compared finding two zones in Granada (the town and the coast) where most of the cases of kala-azar, are agglutinated and where main species of the vectors were found.
Assuntos
Leishmaniose Visceral/epidemiologia , Animais , Criança , Dípteros , Vetores de Doenças , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , EspanhaRESUMO
During a whole year, in order to know the annual evolution of the populations, a sampling of sandflies fauna in Granada (Spain) was carried out. The method of capture used was paper oiled. From the collected species, only S. minuta, P. perniciosus and P. ariasi were present in sufficient numbers to enable a proper observation of evolution. The first of these follows a monophasic course with maximum activity during the warmest months (July, August, September). However, P. perniciosus and P. ariasi show, in general, a diphasic curve with a highest rate at the beginning and end the warm season.