RESUMO

PURPOSE: Comparing post-radical prostatectomy erectile function rates among different techniques has always been a challenge in urology. This difficulty is due to the heterogeneity of studies, mainly in relation to the type of erectile function classification criteria used. The aim is to apply a new evidence-gathering methodology, called reverse systematic review, to compare erectile function rates among retropubic radical prostatectomy, laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy, considering the diversity of classification criteria. METHODS: A search was carried out in eight databases between 2000 and 2020 through systematic review studies referring to retropubic radical prostatectomy, laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, or robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (80 systematic reviews). All references used in these systematic reviews were captured by referring to 910 papers in a global database called EVIDENCE. A total of 268 studies related to post-prostatectomy erectile function rates were selected for the final analysis, totaling 465 cohorts or reports referring to 131,350 patients. RESULTS: Note that, 119 (25.6%) reports for retropubic radical prostatectomy, 143 (30.7%) reports for laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, and 203 (43.7%) reports for robot-assisted radical prostatectomy were found. Mean overall erectile function rates, respectively for retropubic radical prostatectomy, laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy, were: 16%, 12%, and 35% at 1 month, 22%, 26%, and 42% in 3 months; 30%, 44%, and 54% at 6 months, 41%, 55%, and 59% at 12 months, and 58%, 52%, and 67% at more than 18 months. The most used erectile function criterion was Erection Sufficient for Intercourse (74.1%), followed by Sexual Health Inventory for Men > 21 (5.5%), and Sexual Health Inventory for Men > 16 (3.7%). Erection Sufficient for Intercourse showed the lowest discrepancy in erectile function rates in each period compared to the global average, for each technique, demonstrating less ability to influence the final results, favoring any of the techniques. CONCLUSIONS: The reverse systematic review demonstrated that the robot-assisted radical prostatectomy showed higher rates of erectile function recovery at all times analyzed (1->18 months), in relation to the retropubic radical prostatectomy and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. The Erection Sufficient for Intercourse criterion was the most used in the literature and showed the lowest bias capable of influencing the results and favoring any of the techniques and might be the fairest option for future comparisons.

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Visual Prostate Symptom Score (VPSS), its correlation with the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and the time required and need for help when completing the instrument. We also aimed to identify variables associated with difficulty completing these instruments. DESIGN: Longitudinal, prospective correlational study. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: The target population was Brazilian men from different cities within the state of São Paulo with lower urinary tract symptoms followed in urological consultation at a university hospital during October 2017. The sample comprised 59 patients with a mean age of 66.53 years. METHODS: Reliability of the VPSS was evaluated using a test-retest approach and its convergent validity with the IPSS. Cronbach α coefficient was also calculated. Both questionnaires were self-administered and, in case of difficulty of comprehension, assistance was provided. RESULTS: Mean completion time of the IPSS was 6.56 minutes and for VPSS was 5.02 minutes. The variables skin color and educational level were associated with the difficulty in completing the IPSS and for comprehending meaning of the VPSS pictograms. Internal consistency evaluated using Cronbach α coefficient was 0.74 for IPSS and 0.15 for VPSS, respectively. Test-retest reliability testing revealed that both instruments had a high intraclass correlation index (>0.75). There was a significant correlation between the health-related quality of life (QoL) scores of the 2 instruments (0.71, P = .0001) and between the total score of each instrument with its corresponding QoL score. CONCLUSION: Although time for response of the VPSS was shorter and it demonstrated good test-retest reliability, it more frequently required help to answer. The VPSS showed low internal consistency and low correlation with the IPSS (except for the QoL item).

Assuntos

RESUMO

Context: Systematic reviews (SR) have always been used as the best evidence to compare three radical prostatectomy (RP) techniques: retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP), laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP), and robotic radical prostatectomy (RARP). Despite the superiority of minimally invasive surgery in relation to perioperative outcomes, the literature still cannot establish which technique is superior in relation to oncological outcomes. A new methodology called Reverse Systematic Review (RSR) was created to gather the best evidence in the literature based on a heterogeneous sample, allowing the comparison of oncological outcomes from a population point of view. Objective: To apply the RSR to compare RP techniques in relation to oncological outcomes: positive surgical margin (PSM) and biochemical recurrence rate (BCR). Evidence Acquisition: A search was carried out in eight databases between 2000 and 2020 through SR studies referring RRP, LRP, or RARP (80 SR). All references used in these SR were captured referring to 1724 reports. Preoperative and oncological outcomes were compared and correlated among RRP, LRP, and RARP. Evidence Synthesis: Five hundred fifty-nine (32.4%) reports for RRP, 413 (23.9%) for LRP, and 752 (43.7%) for RARP, and a total of 1,353,485 patients were found. Regarding PSM, 284 reports were collected for RRP, 324 for LRP, and 499 for RARP, with rates of 23.6%, 20.7%, and 19.2%, respectively, and only the RRP with statistical difference (p < 0.001). Using a nonlinear regression model, the BCR was correlated with follow-up time at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10 years: 10%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 23%, and 38% for RRP; 6%, 9%, 13%, 20%, 23%, and 10% for LRP; and 8%, 12%, 16%, 23%, 27%, and 19% for RARP. The absence of long-term work for RARP prevented more accurate projections of BCR. Conclusions: RSR proved to be effective in generating a population and heterogeneous sample capable of demonstrating better oncological results for minimally invasive surgery (LRP and RARP) compared to RRP. It demonstrated the maturity of temporal follow-up data for RRP and LRP and the impact of absence of late follow-up from RARP studies on the long-term rate of BCR. Patient Summary: After 20 years of coexistence of the three main radical prostatectomy techniques, the RSR was able to detect better results from minimally invasive surgery in relation to PSMs and long-term BCRs.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Context: The advantages of minimally invasive surgery for radical prostatectomy (RP) have been demonstrated in a number of systematic reviews (SRs). However, the rigorous study selection process for SR means that a lot of information can be excluded, leading to a very specific clinical scenario that is often unrepresentative of real life. Our new reverse SR methodology generates a heterogeneous population database that covers a wide range of clinical scenarios. Objective: To compare perioperative surgical results and complications for open retropubic RP (RRP), laparoscopic RP (LRP), and robot-assisted RP (RARP) in a reverse SR. Evidence acquisition: Eight databases were searched for SRs on RRP, LRP, or RARP between 2000 and 2020 (80 SRs). All references used in these SRs were captured for analysis (1724 articles). Perioperative outcomes and complications were compared among the RRP, LRP, and RARP approaches. Evidence synthesis: We identified 559 (32.4%) reports on RRP, 413 (23.9%) on LRP, and 752 (43.7%) on RARP, involving 1 353 485 patients overall. RARP showed a significantly higher annual volume of surgery per surgeon (AVSS) in comparison to RRP and LRP (mean 64.29, 43.26, and 41.47, respectively), a higher percentage of low-risk patients (prostate-specific antigen <10 ng/ml, Gleason <7, stage

Assuntos

RESUMO

Diverse pressures and influences have determined these two decades of radical prostatectomy history. Our novel methodology, reverse systematic review, has revealed that robotic technology was able to smother the pure laparoscopic and open techniques and transform the evidence landscape, despite the lack of robust genuine advantages beyond those brought by the laparoscopic technique.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To apply a new review methodology, called reverse systematic review (RSR), to assess how different classification criteria can influence erectile dysfunction rates in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP). METHODS: We used RSR from January 1, 2000, until December 31, 2020. The post-prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (PPED) rates were evaluated at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after surgery in different criteria selected as the most commonly used and divided into four groups: "Erection Sufficient for Intercourse (ESI)", "IIEF-5 > 17", "IIEF-5 > 22" and "Not Available". Temporal distribution of different criteria was analyzed to identify patterns throughout the "natural history" of LRP. RESULTS: 40 systematic reviews on LRP evaluated 81 cohorts and 21,618 patients on PPED. ESI was the predominant form of PPED evaluation (75.3%) followed by IIEF-5 > 22 (11.1%). Despite being a simpler criterion, ESI showed worse PPED rates at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months (8%, 27%, 43% and 51%) than IIEF-5 > 22 (14%, 26%, 45% and 58%). The studies were published between 2005 and 2015, but it was in 2010 that the ESI criterion was established as predominant in the literature, reducing the application of others. CONCLUSION: The RSR has proven effective in demonstrating how the PPED evaluation criteria behaved in the "natural history" of the LRP. It showed how a simple and easy-to-apply criterion, such as the ESI, was preferred by the authors, even showing worse PPED rates than other more complex.

Assuntos

Assuntos

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Smoking habit is the major risk factor for bladder cancer (BC), related to about 50% of these tumors; however, the tobacco dose-effect impact on BC immune treatment is underexplored. This study evaluates the impact of smoke load on non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) prognosis after intravesical BCG. METHODS: Smoke load, recurrence, progression and disease-specific survival were evaluated in a retrospective study including NMIBC patients treated with intravesical BCG between 2006 and 2015. Multivariate Cox regression, ROC and Kaplan-Meier curves were utilized. RESULTS: 132 pT1 NMIBC patients were included: 95 (72%) males, mean age 69.6 ± 10.5 years and mean smoking pack-years 22.0 ± 20.8. Recurrence, progression and disease-specific death occurred in 69 (52.3%, mean 20.55 ± 20.44 months), 22 (16.7%, mean 31.39 ± 20.19 months) and 11 (8.3%, mean 37.23 ± 18.34 months), respectively. Smoke load significantly impacted recurrence, HR = 1.019 (95% CI 1.008-1.030, p = 0.0004), and progression, HR = 1.034 (95% CI 1.016-1.052, p = 0.0002), but not survival. For every 1-year increment in pack-years, the risk of relapse and progression increases by 1.9% and 3.4%, respectively. Over 20 pack-year showed the best predictive prognostic power. CONCLUSION: The smoke load has a potential prognostic role in terms of recurrence and progression in the BCG treated NMIBC. Future studies should explore the smoking impact on the immune system, mainly beyond 20 pack-year.

Assuntos

RESUMO

PURPOSE: After a successful pyeloplasty at 3 to 6 months, the question remains whether children need a long follow-up. METHODS: The medical charts of patients with long-term follow-up (> 5 years), who underwent dismembered pyeloplasty for uretero-pelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) from May 1998 to May 2007, excluding those with bilateral UPJO, solitary kidney, associated vesicoureteral reflux or other abnormalities, and inconclusive renogram due to poor renal function, were retrospectively reviewed. Ultrasonography, differential renal function (DRF, DMSA), and renal drainage on diuretic renography (diethylene-triamine-pentaacetate technetium-99 or DTPA-Tc99) were performed at 3 and 6 months every year. RESULTS: Complete data were available for 28 consecutive patients (28 renal unities) with 2 months to 12 years (mean age, 2.4 years) at surgery, of whom 21 (75%) were boys, 17 diagnosed prenatally (61%) and 18 unities (64.3%) were left, with median follow-up of 10.7 years. Images were graded according to the Society for Fetal Urology grading system: Grade III in 11 (49%) and grade IV in 17 (61%). All cases presented > 10% DRF (DMSA) and obstructed DTPA-Tc99. The T1/2 (the half-time of drainage) less than 20 minutes at 3 months was found in 21 cases (75%) and less than 25 minutes in 7 cases (25%). Renal function and patency were maintained during follow-up for all units with 8% maximum fluctuation of DRF. One index case (3.6%) of renal function deterioration presented DRF fluctuation > 8% at 3 months (from 23 to 32%) and progressive hydronephrosis and indeterminate DTPA at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Satisfactory diuretic renogram at 3 to 6 months after pyeloplasty with maintained renal function and stable hydronephrosis suggests no need for further follow-up and indicates no functional loss with time. More than 8% DRF fluctuation might be a significant cutoff for further intervention aiming nephron preservation.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) pharmacological treatment may promote a decrease in prostate vascularization and bladder neck relaxation with theoretical improvement in prostate biopsy morbidity, though never explored in the literature. Methods. Among 242 consecutive unselected patients who underwent prostate biopsy, after excluding those with history of prostate biopsy/surgery or using medications not for BPH, we studied 190 patients. On the 15th day after procedure patients were questioned about symptoms lasting over a week and classified according to pharmacological BPH treatment. Results. Thirty-three patients (17%) were using alpha-blocker exclusively, five (3%) 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor exclusively, twelve (6%) patients used both medications, and 140 (74%) patients used none. There was no difference in regard to age among groups (P = 0.5). Postbiopsy adverse effects occurred as follows: hematuria 96 (50%), hematospermia 53 (28%), hematochezia 22 (12%), urethrorrhagia 19 (10%), fever 5 (3%), and pain 20 (10%). There was a significant negative correlation between postbiopsy hematuria and BPH pharmacological treatment with stronger correlation for combined use of 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor and alpha-blocker over 6 months (P = 0.0027). Conclusion. BPH pharmacological treatment, mainly combined for at least 6 months seems to protect against prostate biopsy adverse effects. Future studies are necessary to confirm our novel results.

RESUMO

O fibroadenoma é definido como lesão nodular benigna e freqüente em mamas de mulheres jovens. No entanto, existem alguns relatos de sua localização fora do tecido mamário. Quando encontrado em região vulvar, existe divergência quanto à sua origem. Há controvérsia entre os autores que consideram que a lesão poderia ser proveniente de tecido mamário ectópico e aqueles que acreditam na origem no interior das glândulas sudoríparas ano-genitais, que mimetizariam o tecido glandular mamário. Este artigo relata dois casos de fibroadenoma em região vulvar, em uma mulher de 26 anos e outra de 27 anos, ambas com presença de lesão nodular circunscrita em região de grandes lábios, submetidas à exérese cirúrgica para confirmação histopatológica. Os conceitos sobre a histogênese são discutidos. O artigo chama a atenção para a possibilidade de ocorrência dessa lesão, freqüentemente incontrada na mama, mas que pode ser observada em outra localização

Fibroadenoma is defined as a nodular, benign and not uncommon lesion found in the mammary tissue of young women. However, there are some reports of fibroadenomas occurring in other tissues. When present in the vulvar region, there are divergences regarding its origin. There is a controversy between authors who believe that the lesion originated from ectopic mammary tissue and those who believe that it originated inside the anal-genital sweat glands, which mimic mammary gland tissue. This article reports two cases of fibroadenomas in the vulvar region, one in a 26-year-old woman and the other in a 27-year-old woman. They both presented circumscribed nodular lesion in the labia majora region and were submitted to surgical excision to confirm histopathology. Histogenesis concepts are discussed. The article emphasizes the possibility of this lesion occurring in areas other than mammary tissue

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency of ectopic pregnancies (EP) in women hospitalized yearly in relation to IUD insertions and number of live births, evaluating possible associated variables and characteristics of diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: In a cohort cross-sectional study, data was obtained from 151 women with EP hospitalized between 2000 and 2004, comparing the number of EP with that of live births and IUD insertions, annually. Variables studied were: age, schooling, marital status, current use and history of previous IUD use, history of abortions, infertility and EP, treatment and surgery performed, site of insertion, unruptured/ruptured EP, length of hospitalization, blood transfusion and complications. Analysis of frequencies was performed and multiple linear regression procedures were used for variables that could be associated with variation in the ratios studied each year. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. RESULTS: The frequency of EP did not increase in the five years studied. Only the percentage of women with previous EP was associated with prevalence of EP. Age of 80% of the women ranged from 20 to 34 years, 61% did not use contraceptive methods, 4.6% currently used and 10% had used IUD, 42% reported having had an abortion, 18% infertility and 15% a previous EP. Hospital admissions occurred in 69.5% of women with ruptured EP. Treatment was conservative for 20% and radical surgery for 80% of these women, 47% of women remained hospitalized for > 4 days. There were 20.5% of transfusions and five complications. CONCLUSION: Frequency of ectopic pregnancies remained unchanged in the period under study and only the percentage of women with previous EP was associated with frequency of EP.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJETIVOS: Comparar a freqüência de gestações ectópicas (GE) internadas anualmente em relação às inserções de DIU e o número de nascidos vivos, avaliar possíveis variáveis associadas e características do diagnóstico e tratamento. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte transversal; foram utilizados dados de 151 mulheres com GE internadas entre 2000 e 2004, relacionou-se o número de GE com o de nascidos vivos e inserções de DIU, anualmente. As variáveis analisadas foram idade, escolaridade, estado marital, uso atual e antecedente de uso de DIU, antecedentes de aborto, esterilidade e GE, tratamento e cirurgia realizada, sítio de inserção, GE íntegra/ rota, tempo de internação, transfusão sangüínea e complicações. Realizou-se análise de freqüências e regressão linear múltipla para as variáveis que poderiam estar associadas à variação nas razões estudadas a cada ano. O estudo teve a aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. RESULTADOS: A freqüência de GE não cresceu significativamente nos cinco anos estudados e somente a percentagem de mulheres com GE anterior esteve associada à prevalência de GE. A idade de 80 por cento das mulheres foi 20 a 34 anos, 61 por cento não utilizavam MAC, 4,6 por cento utilizavam e 10 por cento haviam utilizado DIU, 42 por cento referiram aborto, 18 por cento esterilidade e 15 por cento GE anterior. Foram internadas 69,5 por cento com GE rota, o tratamento foi conservador para 20 por cento e cirúrgico ablativo para 80 por cento, 47 por cento permaneceram internadas por > 4 dias. Houve 20,5 por cento de transfusões e cinco complicações. CONCLUSÃO: A freqüência de GE manteve-se estável no período estudado e somente a percentagem de antecedente de GE foi associada à freqüência de GE.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency of ectopic pregnancies (EP) in women hospitalized yearly in relation to IUD insertions and number of live births, evaluating possible associated variables and characteristics of diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: In a cohort cross-sectional study, data was obtained from 151 women with EP hospitalized between 2000 and 2004, comparing the number of EP with that of live births and IUD insertions, annually. Variables studied were: age, schooling, marital status, current use and history of previous IUD use, history of abortions, infertility and EP, treatment and surgery performed, site of insertion, unruptured/ruptured EP, length of hospitalization, blood transfusion and complications. Analysis of frequencies was performed and multiple linear regression procedures were used for variables that could be associated with variation in the ratios studied each year. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. RESULTS: The frequency of EP did not increase in the five years studied. Only the percentage of women with previous EP was associated with prevalence of EP. Age of 80 percent of the women ranged from 20 to 34 years, 61 percent did not use contraceptive methods, 4.6 percent currently used and 10 percent had used IUD, 42 percent reported having had an abortion, 18 percent infertility and 15 percent a previous EP. Hospital admissions occurred in 69.5 percent of women with ruptured EP. Treatment was conservative for 20 percent and radical surgery for 80 percent of these women, 47 percent of women remained hospitalized for > 4 days. There were 20.5 percent of transfusions and five complications. CONCLUSION: Frequency of ectopic pregnancies remained unchanged in the period under study and only the percentage of women with previous EP was associated with frequency of EP.

Assuntos