RESUMO
Because definitive long-term results are not yet available, the oncologic safety of laparoscopic surgery in rectal cancer remains controversial. Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (LTME) for rectal cancer has been proposed to have several short-term advantages in comparison with open total mesorectal excision (OTME). However, few prospective randomized studies have been performed. The main purpose of our study was to evaluate whether relevant differences in safety and efficacy exist after elective LTME for the treatment of rectal cancer compared with OTME in a tertiary referral medical center. This comparative nonrandomized prospective study analyzes data in 56 patients with middle and lower rectal cancer treated with low anterior resection or abdominoperineal resection from November 2005 to November 2007. Follow-up was determined through office charts or direct patient contact. Statistical analysis was performed using chi2 test and Student's t test. Twenty-eight patients underwent LTME and 28 patients were in the OTME group. No conversion was required in the LTME group. Mean operating time was shorter in the laparoscopic group (LTME) (181.3 vs 206.1 min, P < 0.002). Less intraoperative blood loss and fewer postoperative complications were seen in the LTME group. Return of bowel motility was observed earlier after laparoscopic surgery. There was no 30-day mortality and the overall morbidity was 17 per cent in the LTME group versus 32 per cent in the OTME group. The mean number of harvested lymph nodes was greater in the laparoscopic group than in the OTME group (12.1 +/- 2 vs 9.3 +/- 3). Mean follow-up time was 12 months (range 9-24 months). No local recurrence was found. LTME is a feasible procedure with acceptable postoperative morbidity and low mortality, however it is technically demanding. This series confirms its safety, although oncologic results are at present comparable with the OTME published series with the limitation of a short followup period. Further randomized studies are necessary to evaluate long-term clinical outcome.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Laparoscopia , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Neoplasias Retais/patologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
In this cross-sectional study, a stratified two-stage random sampling procedure was employed to select 221 dairy herds for bulk tank milk (BTM) sampling, and a subset of 55 dairy herds for individual blood sampling of a number of young animals (spot test), to predict presence or absence of current BVDV infection, and for data collection. The prediction was based on the high probability of seropositivity in groups of animals where PI animals are present because of the efficient spread of virus from PI animals to the surrounding group. BTM samples were collected in August 2003 (n=192) and February 2004 (n=195), and the 55 herds selected for spot testing and data collection were visited in December 2003. All samples were tested for presence of BVDV specific antibodies using a commercial indirect ELISA (SVANOVA Biotech AB, Uppsala, Sweden). The results demonstrated a very high level of exposure to BVDV in the region, and the proportion of herds with high antibody levels in the BTM was above 95% on both occasions. Despite this, almost two thirds of the herds had spot test results indicating absence of current infection, suggesting a high probability of self-clearance. A logistic regression model with the results from the spot tests as dependent variable was used to investigate possible herd and management factors associated with self-clearance, and suggested that this may occur regardless of herd size. Even though it is well established that the process of identification and elimination of PI animals is required within a systematic BVDV eradication programme, the present study strongly suggests that many herds may be cleared without intervention even in regions with high cattle density and high BVDV prevalence. Consequently, in any BVDV infected population (regardless of the herd-level BVDV seroprevalence), and at any given point of time, a large proportion of the herds will be free from infection due to self-clearance. Self-clearance is therefore a process that works in favour of any effort to control BVDV, which should be taken into account when planning and assessing the cost-effectiveness of a systematic control programme.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/epidemiologia , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/imunologia , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/isolamento & purificação , Imunidade Inata , Leite/virologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/sangue , Bovinos , Estudos Transversais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Feminino , Modelos Logísticos , Peru/epidemiologiaRESUMO
We used a prospective seroepidemiological approach to investigate endemic abortion in a dairy herd in Arequipa, Peru, and its association with Neospora caninum and bovine viral-diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infections. Between January 2002 and March 2004, 1094 pregnancies were confirmed in 538 cows. Of these, 137 pregnancies (13%) in 121 cows ended in abortion. The serological status to N. caninum was assessed using a single serological screening, whereas BVDV status was assessed at the herd level through consecutive samplings of young stock. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to estimate the effect of N. caninum and BVDV on the hazard of early (between day 42 and day 100 in gestation), and late (after day 100) abortions, respectively. Serological status to N. caninum was included as a dichotomous variable, and the effect of BVDV estimated at the herd level, as a time-dependent seasonal effect. Because data from repeated pregnancies were included, we considered possible lack of independence between observations and included frailty effects into the models. Our models also considered the possible confounding by parity and animal origin. Only multiparity was associated with the hazard of early abortion (HR=2.8 compared to nulliparous heifers). N. caninum seropositivity significantly affected the hazard of late abortion, but interacted with parity. The HRs for Neospora-positive animals were 6.4, 3.7 and 1.9, respectively, for nulliparous heifers, first-lactation cows and multiparous cows. Evidence of BVDV circulating (or not) among the young stock was not associated with abortions, but few cows in this herd were susceptible to incident infection.
Assuntos
Aborto Animal/epidemiologia , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Neospora , Aborto Animal/parasitologia , Aborto Animal/virologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/complicações , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/virologia , Coccidiose/complicações , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/imunologia , Feminino , Neospora/imunologia , Peru/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/veterinária , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/veterinária , Estudos Prospectivos , Estações do Ano , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
Porcine rubulavirus (La Piedad-Michoacan virus) (PoRV-LPMV) is a member of the Paramyxoviridae family that causes encephalitis in young piglets and infertility in adult sows and boars. Infertility in sows naturally infected by PoRV-LPMV is characterized by an increased number of returns to oestrus, stillbirths and mummified fetuses. In this study, nine seronegative gilts were inoculated intranasally with the PAC-3 strain of PoRV-LPMV at week 6 or 10 of gestation. These animals were then killed at weeks 8 or 15 of gestation (seven gilts) or after natural parturition (two gilts). Four control gilts were mock-infected at gestation week 6 or 10 and killed between 2 and 4 weeks later. Gross lesions of focal congestion and haemorrhage were seen in the placenta and endometrium of one gilt infected at gestation week 6 and one infected at gestation week 10. PoRV-LPMV was isolated, at 2-6 weeks post-inoculation (pi), from lung, tonsils, ovary, placenta, uterus and lymph nodes of three of the gilts infected at gestation week 6 and at 2-3 weeks pi from lung, tonsil and ovary of two gilts infected at gestation week 10. Many of the fetuses of eight infected gilts were smaller than normal and had dermal ecchymoses. Dehydrated or mummified fetuses were present in six of the infected gilts but not in any control animal. PoRV-LPMV was isolated from brain, lung and liver of fetuses from two gilts infected at gestation week 6, and from two infected at gestation week 10. These results indicate that, after experimental infection, PoRV can replicate in tissues of seronegative pregnant gilts, cross the placenta, and cause fetal death and mummification.
Assuntos
Morte Fetal/veterinária , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/veterinária , Infecções por Rubulavirus/veterinária , Rubulavirus/patogenicidade , Doenças dos Suínos/patologia , Suínos , Animais , Feminino , Morte Fetal/etiologia , Feto/patologia , Feto/virologia , Idade Gestacional , Placenta/patologia , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/patologia , Rubulavirus/isolamento & purificação , Rubulavirus/fisiologia , Infecções por Rubulavirus/patologia , Infecções por Rubulavirus/transmissão , Doenças dos Suínos/transmissãoRESUMO
Bulk milk from 60 herds of dairy cattle in a rural region in the central highlands of Peru was tested for antibodies to bovine viral-diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1). None of the herds had been vaccinated against BVDV or BHV-1. Commercially available indirect ELISA-kits were used for antibody detection. True prevalences of BVDV and BHV-1 antibody-positive herds were 96 and 51%, respectively. A relatively low proportion of strongly positive herds suggests, however, a low prevalence of active BVDV infection. BVDV optical densities (ODs) in bulk milk increased with herd size--indicating a higher within-herd prevalence in the larger herds (probably, in part a consequence of a higher rate of animal movement into these herds). For BHV-1, this pattern was not found; a relatively high proportion of the herds was free from BHV-1 infection in each size category. This could indicate a low rate of reactivation of latent BHV-1 infection.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/isolamento & purificação , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/epidemiologia , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/imunologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/veterinária , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/imunologia , Leite/virologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Bovinos , Indústria de Laticínios , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/isolamento & purificação , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Feminino , Infecções por Herpesviridae/epidemiologia , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/isolamento & purificação , Peru/epidemiologia , Saúde da População Rural , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
Twenty-nine dairy farms were selected to determine the incidence of clinical mastitis, prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis and bacterial aetiology in the West Littoral Region of Uruguay. In samples taken by the owner and frozen at -20 degrees C during a week the incidence rate of clinical mastitis was determined as 1.2 cases per 100 cow-months at risk. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolated pathogen in 37.5% of 40 milk samples from clinical cases obtained in 1 month. No bacteria grew in the 32.5% of the total samples. A sub-sample including 1077 dairy cows from randomly selected farms was used to determine the prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis. These samples were taken on one visit to each farm. The prevalence was 52.4% on a cow basis and 26.7% on an udder quarter basis. In 55.1% of the quarters of the selected animals with more than 300,000 cells/ml there was no growth. The isolated pathogens from sub-clinical cases and their relative frequencies were: Staphylococcus aureus 62.8%, Streptococcus agalactiae 11.3%, Enterococcus sp. 8%, coagulase-negative staphylococci 7.4%, Streptococus uberis 6.4%, Streptococcus dysgalactiae 1.8%, Escherichia coli 1.5% and Staphylococcus hyicus coagulase-positive 0.6%.
Assuntos
Mastite Bovina/epidemiologia , Mastite Bovina/microbiologia , Animais , Bovinos , Indústria de Laticínios , Enterococcus/classificação , Enterococcus/isolamento & purificação , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Incidência , Mastite Bovina/etiologia , Mastite Bovina/patologia , Prevalência , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Streptococcus agalactiae/isolamento & purificação , Uruguai/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The porcine virus denominated La Piedad Michoacan Virus (LPMV) is a member of the family Paramyxoviridae and is the cause of a disease in pigs present only in Mexico. The disease is characterized by meningoencephalitis and respiratory distress in young pigs, epididymitis and orchitis in boars, and reproductive failure and abortion in sows. METHODS: The cytopathology, morphology, and distribution of the hemagglutination neuraminidase (HN) and nucleoprotein (NP) proteins of LPMV were investigated following inoculation into PK-15 cells. The cytopathic effect was characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolation and the formation of syncytia and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. RESULTS: In immunofluorescence assays using a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against the HN protein at 5-60 min post-infection (early infection), a diffuse immunofluorescence was observed near the cell membrane and adjacent to the nuclear membrane. At 24 h post-infection (late infection), a dust-like immunofluorescence was observed throughout the cytoplasm. LPMV-infected cells incubated with the MAb against the NP protein showed punctate cytoplasmic fluorescence during the early stages of infection. At the late infection stage, these fluorescent particles became larger and were seen predominantly in the cytoplasm of syncytia. This pattern was also apparent by immunohistochemical labeling and immunogold electron microscopy. The latter technique revealed that HN protein was diffusely distributed throughout the cytoplasm. When using the MAb against the NP protein, nucleocapsid organization was the most prominent feature and resulted in the formation of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies visible by light and electron microscopy. Immunogold labeling of purified nucleocapsids was shown by electron microscopy. Virus particles and nucleocapsids were morphologically similar to members of the Paramyxoviridae family. CONCLUSIONS: The morphologic characteristics of the virions and the distribution patterns of the HN and NP proteins in PK-15 infected cells indicate that the mechanisms of LPMV replication are generally similar to those of the members of the Paramyxoviridae family.
Assuntos
Nucleoproteínas , Infecções por Rubulavirus/veterinária , Rubulavirus/fisiologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Membrana Celular/virologia , Núcleo Celular/virologia , Citoplasma/virologia , Feminino , Proteína HN/análise , Imuno-Histoquímica , Corpos de Inclusão Viral/ultraestrutura , Rim/citologia , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Microscopia Eletrônica , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Proteínas do Nucleocapsídeo , Rubulavirus/imunologia , Rubulavirus/ultraestrutura , Infecções por Rubulavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Rubulavirus/virologia , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Proteínas do Core Viral/análise , Vírion/ultraestruturaRESUMO
An investigation based on 2 studies was carried out to assess the involvement of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) in calf respiratory disease in dairy farms in Venezuela. In the first study, 8 farms were selected and paired serum samples from 42 calves with respiratory disease were tested by ELISA for antibodies to the 3 viruses. Seroconversion to BVDV, BHV-1, and BRSV was found to 5, 2, and 6 farms out of the 8, respectively. The proportion of calves that showed seroconversion to BVDV, BHV-1, and BRSV were 19%, 14%, and 26%, respectively. In the second study, another farm having previous serological evidence of BVDV infection was selected. The decline of maternal antibodies against BVDV was monitored in 20 calves and the half-life of maternal antibodies was 34 +/- 12 days presumably indicating an early natural infection with BVDV. Furthermore, sera free of BVDV antibodies that were collected in studies 1 and 2 and were assayed for the presence of BVDV by nested RT-PCR. Two BVDV strains were detected and compared to those of ruminant and porcine pestiviruses. Both strains were assigned to subgroup Ib of type I BVDV. This investigation provides information on BVDV genotypes circulating in Venezuela and may contribute to the establishment of official control programmes against the viruses studied.
Assuntos
Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/veterinária , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Bovino/isolamento & purificação , Spumavirus/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/isolamento & purificação , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/sangue , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/imunologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/sangue , Doenças dos Bovinos/virologia , Indústria de Laticínios , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Genótipo , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/genética , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/imunologia , Imunidade Materno-Adquirida , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/imunologia , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Bovino/imunologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Spumavirus/imunologia , Venezuela/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Six hundred and fifteen serum samples obtained from cows in five districts of Apure State, Venezuela, were tested by ELISA for antibodies to bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV). The same samples were also ELISA-tested for antibodies to bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). Additionally, the haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test was used for detecting antibodies to parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV-3). Overall, seroprevalence to BVDV was 36+/-7% (SE); seroprevalence varied by district (19-42%). BHV-1 seroprevalence was 67+/-4%; variation by district was similar to that of BVDV. However, the first 80 serum samples tested by BHV-1 ELISA all had a strong background reaction with the control antigen. Therefore, these sera were adsorbed to a homogenate of non-infected bovine kidney cell line (MDBK) and retested by ELISA. The non-specific reactivity was significantly reduced (p<0.001 by Wilcoxon's signed-rank test). Compared to the virus-neutralisation (VN) test, the adsorbed BHV-1 ELISA showed 94% agreement and gave a kappa value of 0.84, indicating that the adsorption did not interfere with test accuracy. Seroprevalence against BRSV was 85+/-3%, and showed differences across districts. Most of the cows (94+/-2%) were seropositive to PIV-3, and there were no significant differences among districts.
Assuntos
Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/epidemiologia , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/imunologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/epidemiologia , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/imunologia , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/veterinária , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Bovino/imunologia , Infecções por Respirovirus/veterinária , Respirovirus/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/prevenção & controle , Bovinos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Feminino , Testes de Inibição da Hemaglutinação/veterinária , Infecções por Herpesviridae/prevenção & controle , Testes de Neutralização/veterinária , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Respirovirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Respirovirus/prevenção & controle , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Venezuela/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 13 DNA was detected in focal epithelial hyperplasia lesions of the oral mucosa in seven half-caste mexicans. The lesions contained intracellular papillomavirus-like particles with a diameter of about 50 nm. DNA extracted from biopsies contained unintegrated HPV type 13 DNA genomes as revealed by Southern blot hybridization. The HPV 13 DNA that was isolated in the present study had the same restriction enzyme cleavage map as HPV 13 DNA, previously described by others. It was moreover confirmed that HPV type 13 genome is related to the genomes of HPV types 6 and 11.
Assuntos
Papillomaviridae/análise , Dermatopatias/microbiologia , DNA Viral/análise , Epitélio/microbiologia , Epitélio/patologia , Humanos , Hiperplasia/microbiologia , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Dermatopatias/patologiaRESUMO
A virus morphologically resembling members of the family Paramyxoviridae has been isolated from the brain of a piglet with a central nervous disorder accompanied by pneumonia and corneal opacity. The virus, designated LPM, grows in a large variety of cultured cell types and elicits a cytopathic effect including formation of syncytia and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. The virus has hemagglutinating, neuraminidase and hemolytic activities. Studies on experimental transmission showed that young pigs are susceptible to infection which induced a disease similar to that in natural cases. The virus killed mice and chicken embryos. The structural proteins of LPM virus, as resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis are similar to those described for other paramyxoviruses. Serologically the virus proved to be distinct from the paramyxoviruses tested so far.