RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: We assessed the prevalence of moderate and severe periodontitis and its association with social determinants of health in rural and urban population from the State of Chiapas, in Southern Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in 2013 comprising people 20 years and older. The determinants were categorized as proximal (age, sex, indigenous origin, diabetes, smoking, diet), intermediate (level of schooling, occupation, medical and dental care), and structural (type of institution of health care provision, residence area). Periodontal status was assessed using the Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) Index. RESULTS: In total, 467 persons (72.4% women; mean age 43.0 years [s.d 14.7]) participated. Of them, 76.5% lived in rural areas and 56.7% were of indigenous origin. Participants with moderate and severe periodontitis had a significantly lower toothbrushing frequency (44.1% and 44.8%, respectively), and poorer oral hygiene (90% and 90.3%, respectively) compared with people without periodontitis (29.4% for toothbrushing frequency and 74.5% for oral hygiene). Moderate periodontitis was associated with poor oral hygiene (OR=2.63) and no schooling (OR=1.86). Severe periodontitis was associated with age (OR=1.05), poor oral hygiene (OR=3.99), no schooling (OR=2.08), and the interaction term of rural area and indigenous origin (RM=5.23). CONCLUSIONS: Social determinants of health play an important role in the development of periodontitis. Preventive oral health programs should thus focus on the specific social, economic, and geographical context of the population.
Assuntos
Periodontite , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Masculino , População Urbana , Estudos Transversais , Periodontite/epidemiologia , Higiene BucalRESUMO
The purpose of this paper is to show up the importance of the standardization concepts in American Trypanosomiasis epidemiological studies. The consistence in the measurement of some dwelling characteristics was evaluated. A validation of the Queretaro antigen for indirect hemagglutination reaction as a diagnostic test and the interobserver concordance for the serologic readings were also made. The observers were instructed in some sessions. The pretests were made in the laboratory with positive and negative sera, with sera from the studied population. Results show that the interobserver concordance after the instruction, for the dwelling variables ranged from 70% to 100%. Sensitivity of the Queretaro antigen was 100%, specificity 55%, the predictive value of a positive test 55%, and the predictive value of a negative test 93%. The interobserver concordance was 47%. The pretest and the pilot study are very important in getting the objectives of the principal study.
Assuntos
Doença de Chagas/epidemiologia , Coleta de Dados , Iluminação , México/epidemiologia , Projetos Piloto , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , VentilaçãoRESUMO
Arterial hypertension (AH) constitutes a public health problem. Between 15 and 30% of the population in our country has it. Age and weight have been found as major risk factors for AH but there is little investigation in this regard. We studied families of the Mexican Republic, excluding people younger than 15 years, pregnant women, and any persons having any disease that could affects HA or being under medication. We gave them a questionnaire and took the arterial tension (AT). We calculated Quetelet Index (QI) for weight. We analysed 12259 subjects. The mean arterial tension was 120/77; 123/79 and 119/76 for men and women. We observed an association between age an AT when controlled by QI; and between AT and QI controlling by age. The regression lines had a positive skew different from zero. We propose that there is a relationship between QI an AT independent of age or AT.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Pressão Sanguínea , Peso Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , México/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Análise de Regressão , Fatores de Risco , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Because of its high prevalence, dental caries represents an important health problem. Risk factors involved in the development of cavities may be classified as biological, mechanical and cultural. In the latter, it is important to highlight the transmittal of hygiene and dietary habits within the family. A crosscut study was undertaken over 46 families chosen at random from Tlalpan, a suburban area in Mexico City. Education-linked aspects as they relate to buccal and dental health in the adult are stressed, since situations of parents seem to be reproduced in their children, with consequently positive or negative health results.
Assuntos
Suscetibilidade à Cárie Dentária , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Relações Pais-Filho , Adulto , Criança , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Dieta Cariogênica , Saúde da Família , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Higiene Bucal , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Arterial hypertension (HA) is a public health problem, 15 to 30% of adults in our country suffer it. There are different facts that influence its outcome. Among young people the main factors are: alcoholism, smoking tobacco, overweight, diabetes, family history, sedentarism and psychological aspects. The main object of this study, was to detect the risk factor for the development of HA in the students of the University. For this search 489 sophomore students class at the Medical School of the University of Mexico (UNAM), between 17 and 24 years old, were studied. Our results showed that positive family history was more prevalent among females. Among males life-style factors were more significant, the main factor was sedentarism, whereas lesser factor was overweight. The prevalence of HA was higher for diastolic hypertension than for systolic. We concluded there are many risk factors that influence the development of HA, which are distributed in a different way according to gender preventive measures are recommended.
Assuntos
Hipertensão/etiologia , Estilo de Vida , Estudantes de Medicina , Adolescente , Adulto , Alcoolismo/complicações , Complicações do Diabetes , Família , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/genética , Hipertensão/psicologia , Masculino , México , Obesidade/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Fumar/efeitos adversosRESUMO
There is evidence of an association between obesity and hypertension. This association occurs more frequently in industrialized population. Weight gain in young adult life is a potent risk factor for later development of hypertension. In this study we used cross-sectional data of medical students, between 17 and 24 years old. The relationship among blood pressure and relative weight were examined through assessment of mean blood pressure levels and prevalence of hypertension. We found that in males, the 21.89% was overweight or obese and in females, the 25.98% was in this range. The blood pressure was greater in males. For all the risk groups, except for the hazardous group about DBP. The regression analysis showed a linear relative weight-blood pressure relation for both sexes and both systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. The prevalence ratio was greater than 1 in all cases. The observations founded suggest that the mechanism that protect females in young adult life are nulified by the overweight. It's necessary to foment preventive ways against overweight in young adult life because in this age it's possible to revert the higher blood pressure levels. Obesity; hypertension; adolescents.
Assuntos
Peso Corporal , Hipertensão/complicações , Obesidade/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Pressão Sanguínea , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Hypertensive heart disease has an important place among the cardiovascular diseases. There are evidences that the behavior of arterial tension (AT) in children can predict the possible appearance of arterial hypertension (AH) in the adult. The foreign percentile curves, when applied to our population, show either under or overestimation of the cases. This is the reason for the need of having our own percentile tables. In this study we found different mean values for systolic and diastolic arterial tension (SAT and DAT) between the sexes, being these higher for the males, but these differences had no statistical significance. We present percentile tables for AT per sex against age, weight, height and corpulence index (CI). According to WHO, when a child has three measurement over the 95 percentile he should be considered AH. The tables for height, weight, and CI should be used only under special circumstances.
Assuntos
Pressão Sanguínea , Fatores Etários , Estatura , Peso Corporal , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Padrões de ReferênciaAssuntos
Pressão Sanguínea , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Valores de ReferênciaAssuntos
Abscesso Hepático Amebiano/fisiopatologia , Fígado/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Bilirrubina/sangue , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colestase Intra-Hepática/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Abscesso Hepático Amebiano/complicações , Testes de Função Hepática , Masculino , Tempo de ProtrombinaRESUMO
Con objeto de observar las caracteristicas clinicas y de laboratorio de Campylobacter como agente etiologico de diarrea en ninos, se estudiaron 44 pacientes con diagnostico de diarrea aguda, diarrea cronica y diarrea cronica agudizada, con cultivo positivo a Campylobacter, menores de 14 anos de edad que acudieron al Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, DIF. Se encontro una prevalenccia mayor en el lactante (42 casos), se realizo el diagnostico de diarrea aguda en 16 casos, diarrea cronica agudizada en 11 casos y diarrea cronica en 15 casos. El 45% de los cultivos positivos a Campylobacter presento otro germen asociado, siendo predominantemente Salmonella. El cuadro clinico y de laboratorio fue similar al descrito para otros germenes causantes de diarrea en ninos, no pudiendo establecerse algun dato que orientara a la etiologia especifica de este germen. En 12 casos se sospecho adquisicion intrahospitalaria de la infeccion. El Campylobacter como agente etiologico de diarrea en ninos es indistinguible de otros germenes, por lo que el tratamiento de los cuadros no complicados debe ser semejante al de otros agentes etiologicos productores de diarrea. Campylobacter en diarrea aguda, diarrea aguda: Campylobacter
Assuntos
Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Humanos , Infecções por Campylobacter , Diarreia InfantilRESUMO
Se registro la presion intracraneal a traves de la fontanela anterior en 20 recien nacidos y lactantes menores que acudieron al Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, con un sensor de silicon desarrollado en nuestro hospital por uno de nosotros (JDM) con objeto de encontrar un metodo accesible a nuestro medio, capaz de registrar la presion intracraneal en forma no invasiva.Las determinaciones de presion intracraneal fueron evaluadas en 6 diferentes posiciones y comparado el registro de una de ellas con raquimanometria en pacientes donde este ultimo procedimiento estaba indicado por razones diagnosticas. El coeficiente de correlacion obtenido entre ambas determinaciones fue de 0,80, demostrandose un franco incremento registrado con el dispositivo en la posicion de Trendelenburg. Los resultados preliminares de este estudio pueden ser la pauta para estudios subsecuentes que permitan registrar la presion intracraneal en pacientes con fontanela anterior permeable